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991.
小麦和玉米秸秆热解反应与热解动力学分析 总被引:18,自引:7,他引:18
为了对生物质快速热解液化设备进行分析和计算,该文用热重、差热分析仪分别对小麦和玉米秸秆在不同升温速率下进行了热分析研究。结果表明:小麦和玉米秸秆的热解特性基本一致,热解过程可以用同一种模型描述;随升温速率的提高,热解最高速率时的温度和热解最高速率明显提高。分析了小麦和玉米秸秆热解反应过程,提出了平行一阶反应动力学模型并计算出模型中各参数,将该模型的计算结果、现有一阶反应模型的计算结果分别和试验数据进行了对比,结果表明,平行一阶反应模型的准确程度比现有一阶反应模型有很大的提高。 相似文献
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玉米丸粒化种子刚制成后其含水率比较大,必须及时干燥。其干燥工艺的合理选择对提高干燥效率,减少能耗,保证质量非常重要。采用正交试验的方法,对玉米丸粒化种子进行了3因素3水平的干燥试验,得出其干燥曲线为指数曲线,并分析各试验因素对干燥特性的影响。同时对不同风温下的干燥曲线进行了模型比较,采用多元线性回归分析程序,经拟合得出适合于玉米丸粒化种子的数学模型为Page模型。玉米丸粒化种子干燥特性不同于非丸粒化种子,丸粒化种子有其特定的薄层干燥方程。该模型能较好地预测各干燥阶段的干燥速率及含湿量,确定合理的干燥工艺以便调控干燥环境,达到高效低耗的目的。 相似文献
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Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments.Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late.Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67**) and biomass (r=0.64**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=–0.60**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the Juljuli population of T.durum. 相似文献
999.
K. Reinink 《Euphytica》1991,54(1):83-92
Summary The genetics of nitrate content in butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was studied using the mean values of five parental genotypes and several generations obtained from crosses between them. One high nitrate parental genotype was chosen and four low nitrate ones. A diallel analysis showed additive genetic effects to be the major source of variation in generation means. Estimates of additive genetic effects differed significantly between experiments, indicating genotype x experiment interactions. Effects of dominance were relatively small. The size and direction of dominance varied between experiments. Reciprocal differences were of very limited size and also varied between experiments. The inheritance of nitrate content in lettuce fitted the additive-dominance genetic model. 相似文献
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在空中核爆炸的情况下,光辐射是损毁水稻的主要因素,光辐射可使三叶期、分蘖期水稻的叶片烧损、株高降低,其损毁程度随着距爆心距离的加大而减弱,叶片受到烧损仍然存活的植株,爆后可迅速恢复生长,叶片数、株高在较短时间内即可达对照水平,分蘖能力也不受影响。收获时大部分受损水稻的穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、平均单株分蘖数、 相似文献