民族旅游地民居客栈经营的关键因素研究——以世界遗产地丽江古城为例

旅游体验满意是衡量旅游者忠诚与重顾的关键因素。旅游者对以世界文化遗产地丽江古城的民居客栈体验的网络评价，主要涉及了“家”、整洁、舒适、环境、房间陈设、位置等六个方面，这些都是影响民居客栈成功经营的关键因素。但是就旅游者体验来说，这些因素明显缺乏了地方文化的展现与创新。基于此，文章从酒店化与专业化、家庭化与生活化、文化化与乡野化的视域上重新设计了民居客栈经营发展的创新模式，凸显出民居客栈产品与酒店产品的差异性，创建一种独具地方特色的民居品牌，助推民居经营的永续发展。     

密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪育苗影响研究

为了明确育苗时密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪生长特征影响,本试验以蒙古黄芪为研究对象,通过单因素田间随机区组试验,测定蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗和根长4个指标。结果表明,密度对蒙古黄芪影响最大,其次是湿度,最后是光照和电导率。密度与蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗呈现负相关性,与根长呈正相关性(P<0.05),密度为400株/m ²时,株高、茎粗及根粗最大,密度为1000株/m ²时根长最大。     

农户过量施用化肥行为的影响因素分析——以新疆棉花种植户为例

过度施用化肥带来的负外部性使棉区土壤面临着棉花增产和保护生态环境的双重挑战。本文在棉花生产的决策主体农户尺度上,利用对新疆重点植棉地区实地问卷调查所得数据,定量化研究了新疆棉农过度施用化肥程度,并通过经济计量模型分析了导致农户过量施用化肥的主要因素。研究结果表明,新疆棉花种植农户的化肥施用量(折纯量)平均达到610.20 kg·hm~(-2),过量施用率占到实际施用量的59.6%。导致农户过量施用化肥的主要因素是缺乏科学施肥培训和避免收入损失的盲目性。研究结果在农户行为学方面做了有益的科学探讨,并为科学引导农户合理施肥提供了科学依据。     

农村土地价值的影响因素分析

分析了农村土地价值的影响因素,并从提高土地收入保障角度寻求提高土地价值的途径和方法。结果表明：农村土地的价值不仅体现在土地产生的直接收益,还表现在土地为农民带来的间接收益,包括土地的交换价值和潜在的发展价值。通过产权制度改革、土地经营形式多元化、种植结构调整、农民组织的重构来改变土地利用方式可以增加土地价值,使土地从生存保障发展为投资保障,从而提高农村土地的价值。     

农民专业合作社的融资问题分析——以湖南省60家农民专业合作社为例

发展农民专业合作社是促进“三农”发展的重要途径之一,而长期以来融资问题成为了农民专业合作社发展的瓶颈.该研究基于农民专业合作社融资现状,对农民专业合作社融资困难的内外部原因进行了剖析,并提出加强农民专业合作社自身建设,加快农业基础设施建设,转变政府扶持方式,健全农业保险制度,完善土地使用权抵押制度等促进农民专业合作社改良性发展的对策建议.     

光胁迫对沙冬青叶绿素荧光特征和光呼吸的影响

使用LI-6400测定乌兰布和沙漠东北缘的沙冬青在不同光合有效辐射下的叶绿素荧光特征和光呼吸变化,进而研究其光破坏防御特征的变化。结果表明,PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)可作为衡量沙冬青光胁迫程度大小指标,有效光化学量子产量(Fv′/Fm′)、总光合速率(Pt)、非光化学猝灭(qN)、光呼吸速率(Rp)和Rp/Pt等指标的光进程曲线临界点值和临界点光强度与Fv/Fm的关系都具有明显的规律性。随着Fv/Fm降低,光胁迫程度增加,导致沙冬青光胁迫的最小光合有效辐射降低。可见,沙冬青光破坏防御的一种策略是在胁迫程度较小时通过提高热耗散和光呼吸相对比值(Rp/Pt)来消耗过剩能量,而在胁迫程度较大时可通过增加抑制热耗散和光呼吸的光合有效辐射实现对过剩光能的消耗。     

1株解淀粉芽孢杆菌B7快速液态发酵优化工艺研究

本试验以1株饲用益生菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌B7（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7，B.amyloliquefaciens B7）为研究对象，为了增强其在液态条件下的发酵水平，提高其芽孢发酵工艺优化效率，拟采用测定芽孢吡啶二羧酸（dipicolonic acid，DPA）浓度的方法来代替传统的平板芽孢计数法，以探讨此测定方法在芽孢发酵优化工艺中的可行性。首先，通过单因素试验筛选出对菌株产孢有显著促进作用的因子，进一步通过正交优化试验确定蛋白胨、玉米粉、大米蛋白粉和Mn²⁺组合的最优水平。结果表明，发酵液中的芽孢浓度与测定的DPA荧光强度呈线性相关，在蛋白胨20 g/L、玉米粉10 g/L、大米蛋白粉20 g/L、Mn²⁺1.0 mmol/L时发酵48 h，检测到DPA荧光强度达到最大，其相应的芽孢浓度达到7.0×10⁹ CFU/mL。与实验室常用的LB培养基相比，芽孢浓度提高了3.3倍；与工业生产用培养基相比，芽孢浓度提高了2.2倍。本研究为芽孢杆菌发酵过程中芽孢浓度测定提供了一种快速方法，为工业菌株B.amyloliquefaciens B7的发酵提供了一种成分简单且高产芽孢的培养基。     

广东省农地边际化特征及其影响因素的地理探测

为了明确经济发达地区广东省农地边际化现象及其主要影响因素。本研究采用“单位成本纯收益指标”、“农地利用集约度指标”和“农作物播种面积指标”三大主要指标,对广东省2000—2015年农地边际化特征进行提取。选择影响农地边际化特征的19个因子,利用地理探测器方法对农地边际化现象的核心影响因素进行挖掘。结果表明：2000—2015年广东省共发生3次比较明显的农地边际化现象,分别在2001—2002年、2005—2006年、2010—2013年,且第3次边际化持续时间最长,情况最严重。社会经济发展水平与结构指标和农户家庭资源要素结构变化指标对农地边际化的影响程度较大,其中第三产业产值比重、农村农户固定资产投资、粮食总播种面积对农地边际化现象有较强的解释力,q值分别为0.8067、0.8055、0.7916。任何两因子相互交互作用都能增强对农地边际化现象的解释力。     

The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China

Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.     

Molecular prevalence,risk factors assessment and haemato-biochemical alterations in hepatozoonosis in dogs from Punjab,India

Hepatozoonosis caused by Hepatozoon canis is an important tick-borne disease of dogs in tropical and sub-tropical regions throughout the world. In the present study evaluation of blood samples collected from 225 dogs presented at Small Animal Clinics, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab (India) was done for the presence of H. canis by PCR based assay targeting a portion of 18S rRNA gene. Of the total samples subjected to PCR, an amplicon of 666 bp was detected in 13.78% samples whereas, routine blood smear examination revealed gamonts in 5.78% samples. Furthermore, prevalence of H. canis infection was found to be significantly associated with season, being highest in summer and lowest in winter while other risk factors e.g. age, sex and breed showed non-significant association. In terms of various clinico-pathological parameters, significant drop in haemoglobin, total red blood cell count, packed cell volume and lymphocytes were recorded in positive cases whereas the total white blood cell count was non-significantly increased. The haematological alterations in the positive cases were lymphopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, relative neutrophilia, neutrophilic leucocytosis, eosinophilia, monocytosis and lymphocytosis while the biochemical profile revealed hypoproteinemia and increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (in positive cases) pointing towards renal failure.