银合欢异木虱形态及生物学研究

银合欢异木虱(Heteropsylla Cubana Crauford)是危害银合欢的重要害虫。成虫和若虫刺吸嫩梢幼叶汁液,并排泄蜜露,导致发生煤烟病。被害嫩梢幼叶萎缩干枯,严重影响生长和产量。每年10月至翌年4月为严重为害期。雌虫产卵量为32—330粒。在海南省儋州地区每年发生15—16代,完成一世代需16—21天。在室外用自然变温法测定其发育起点温度,全世代平均为7.58℃,其中卵为9.05℃,若虫为9.56℃,成虫为4.04℃。完成一世代的有效积温为373.93日度。用空间分布型指数法对调查数据进行测定,田间卵的空间分布为聚集分布型。     

Leaf chlorophyll readings as an indicator of nitrogen status and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in soils amended with Luecaena leucocephala prunings

A field study was conducted to evaluate the nitrogen status and yield of spinach grown in soils amended with prunings of Leucaena leucocephala, (applied at a rate of 3, 5, 7 or 11 t ha^?1). A ‘no fertilizer’ 0 nitrogen (N) and 150 kg N ha^?1 (recommended) were the control treatments. SPAD readings were recorded for the top six leaves. Nitrogen sufficiency indices were used to indicate the N status of plants. Application of L. leucocephala prunings increased spinach yields (8.98–13.86 t DM ha^?1) relative to the 0N treatment (1.35 t DM ha^?1) and yields increased with increasing rate of pruning application. SPAD readings showed a linear increase with the increase in applied prunings. There was preferential distribution of N to upper leaves. The relationship between shoot N concentration and SPAD readings was linear and strongest for the top three leaves (r² = 0.84–0.92). The results indicate the potential of chlorophyll meter readings in assessing N status of leafy vegetables grown on soils amended with different levels of legume tree prunings.     

Potassium Uptake and Utilization Efficiency Among Selected Nitrogen-Fixing Tree Legumes Over Time

Nutrients released from tree prunings sustain alley cropping. Potassium (K) uptake and utilization efficiency were monitored over 16 months in Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, and Albizia lebbeck. Tree interspecific variation arose in biomass yields and K nutrition. Tissue potassium concentration narrowed within 0.68–1.15% and varied little among tree parts and species over time. Potassium accumulation increased steadily with tree age and significant differences among trees occurred at all ages. Gliricidia sepium had a higher yield than the others over the first 8 months, after which the uptake pattern declined drastically to become the lowest at harvest. Differential K partitioning within trees occurred as K in leaves, stems, and roots amounted to 18, 35, and 47% in Albizia; 28, 25, and 47% in Gliricidia; and 27, 42, and 31% in Leucaena, respectively. Higher K allocation into Leucaena stems and its low partitioning into Albizia leaves were drawbacks for alley cropping. Potassium utilization efficiency decreased inversely to biomass yield and K uptake over time. It differed significantly among trees with Albizia being the most efficient. Low K returns from tree prunings in alley cropping could be due to its uptake potential and partitioning impairment in each species.     

银合欢种子研究进展

随着农业生产对银合欢种子需求的增加,确保银合欢种子的质量成为首要问题。综述近年来对银合欢种子成分、种子萌发、种子保存和种子健康等方面的研究概况,并对银合欢种子研究中存在的问题提出了展望。     

干热河谷20年生2种人工恢复植被个体生长特性研究

以元谋干热河谷20年生赤桉纯林、新银合欢纯林以及赤桉×新银合欢混交林为研究对象,对其林木单株进行树干解析,研究不同造林模式下2个树种的生长特性。结果表明: 1）新银合欢的混植促进了赤桉的生长。2）赤桉、新银合欢树高平均生长量和连年生长量总体均呈下降趋势,胸径的平均生长量和连年生长量在5～10 年呈下降趋势,在10～15 年期间呈上升趋势（除混交林内赤桉）,之后又下降。3）根据Logistic生长曲线的变化率,可将赤桉、新银合欢5～10 年划分为生长初期,10～25 年为生长快速期,之后为生长稳定期;经模型预测:赤桉纯林在23 年时达到数量成熟,赤桉混交林在25 年时达到数量成熟,纯林以及混交林内新银合欢均在24 年时达到数量成熟。针对赤桉、新银合欢生长特点,提出在生长初期和生长快速期增加水肥供给并进行适当疏伐等措施以促进林木生长。      

干热河谷地区新银合欢育苗及造林技术

为探索干热河谷地区人工造林技术及恢复山地植被的有效方法，对新银合欢在干热河谷地区上山造林进行研究，认为在做好苗木培育的基础上，重点是加强幼林抚育管理，新银合欢与其它适宜树种相比较，具有投入低、见效快、病害少的特点。     

我国银合欢研究进展

综述了银合欢在动物饲料、肥料与燃料、林木及植物修复、培养食用菌、保健等方面的应用,以及银合欢含羞草素、病虫害、引种选育及根系等的研究进展。     

广西饲草养牛奶肉役力成绩回顾及展望

本文论述喂饲草、秸秆或其他残渣时黄牛、水牛的奶肉役力成绩。作者认为，本生产方式是发展广西养牛的一条有效途径，并介绍了适合广西环境条件栽培的国外优良牧草，如象草、银合欢等的特性及饲草价值。     

Infection potential of farm soils as mycorrhizal inocula for Leucaena leucocephala

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculum potential for Leucaena leucocephala in a range of nutrient-depleted farm soils in western Kenya. Leucaena was grown in 12 uninoculated farm soils with pH 5.0–6.7, with or without rock P and farmyard manure. Root infection, nodulation, and shoot and root weight were determined 25, 46, and 69 days after planting. Spore concentrations in the farm soils at the start of the experiment ranged from 44 to 126 live spores per 100 g dry soil with 6–10 species per soil, principally Scutellospora spp. and Acaulospora spp. Nodulation was absent or poor in all soils, indicating the need for rhizobial inoculation of species belonging to the leucaena crossinoculation group in this agrosystem. Rock-P alone increased final shoot dry weight by a factor of 1.4, manure alone by 1.8, and rock-P plus manure by 1.9, compared with no ameliorant. Root infection with AM fungi was detected in all soils 25 days after planting and increased linearly in the different farm soils to values of 33–65% 69 days after planting. Soil pH and root infection 25 days after planting accounted for much of the variation in final shoot weight among soils with no amelioront (87%). As early root infection increased from 20 to 40% at soil pH 5.0, the predicted final shoot dry weight was doubled, and the response to ameliorants was reduced by two-thirds. The growth responses to increased infection became smaller as pH increased from 5.0 to 6.5.     

Selection of Leucaena species for afforestation and amelioration of sodic soils

Performance of three exotic species of Leucaena (L. diversifolia, L. shannonii and L. leucocephala) and one local selection of L. leucocephala was evaluated on sodic soil sites (pH 8.6–10.5) in order to select promising species for biomass production and reclamation of these soils. There were significant differences among three species with respect to their field survival (47.7–95.5 per cent), growth in terms of stem volume (40.8–118.6 m³ ha⁻¹) and biomass production (24–70 Mg ha⁻¹) after eight years of growth. L. leucocephala was rated as the most promising species irrespective of seed source, followed by L. shannonii. L. diversifolia could not perform well on these hostile soils. A definite improvement in physicochemical properties of soil particularly in surface layers (0–5 cm) was observed after eight years of plantations as compared to the same at uncultivated site. The soil pH and sodium content decreased followed by an increase in organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content. However, efficiency of different species varied greatly to ameliorate these soils depending on quantity and quality of organic matter lying on the floor. L. leucocephala, irrespective of seed origin, showed greater promise for afforestation of sodic soils because of its potential to produce higher biomass per unit area and greater efficiency to ameliorate fertility status of these soils. The study revealed that matching of species to soil conditions is very important for a successful plantation programme and sustainable development of degraded soil sites. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.