Ground beetles (Carabidae) and edge effect in oak-hornbeam forest and grassland transects

We evaluated ground beetle diversity in relation to forest edge between an oak-hornbeam forest and adjacent herbaceous grassland. To test our hypothesis that the diversity of ground beetles was higher in the forest edge than the interior, pitfall trap samples were taken along two forest-grassland transects in northern Hungary. The diversity of ground beetles was significantly higher at the forest edge and in the grassland than in the forest interior. Ground beetle assemblages in the forest interior, forest edge and grassland could be separated from each other by ordination. Indicator species analysis detected five groups of species: habitat generalists, grassland-associated species, forest generalists, forest specialists, and edge-associated species. Rank correlation indicated leaf litter, herb, canopy cover, and prey abundance as the most important factors influencing carabid diversity. The high diversity of the forest edge resulted from the presence of edge-associated species and of species characteristic of adjacent habitats. Forest edges seem to play an important role in maintaining diversity. Serving as source habitats, edges also contribute to the recolonisation by ground beetles after habitat destruction or other disturbance in the adjacent habitats.     

青岛地区常见嗜尸性甲虫种类及其季节性消长规律研究

2012至2014年在青岛农业大学校园内,采用野外投放猪尸体的方法,研究了本地区嗜尸性甲虫的种类及其在野外一年中的消长规律.结果显示:嗜尸性甲虫6科12种,分别为弯葬甲Thanatophilus sinuatus (L.)、双带皮蠹Dermestes coarctatus Harold、拟白腹皮蠹Dermestes frischii Kugelann、大隐翅虫Creophilus maxillosus L.、大赤隐翅虫Philonthus s pini pes Sharp、Philonthus varians Paykull、吉氏分阎甲Merohister jekel (Marseul)、半纹腐阎甲Saprinus semistriatus(Scriba)、短角露尾甲Omosita colon(L.)、暗色露尾甲Nitidula rufipes Linnaeus、赤足郭公虫Necrobia rufipes (Degeer)和赤颈郭公虫Necrobia ru ficollis (Fabricius).嗜尸性甲虫从肿胀期开始出现,主要集中在干化期.肿胀期和腐败期的优势种是隐翅虫科昆虫,阎甲科昆虫因其捕食蝇类幼虫,所以在腐败期也大量出现,干化期的优势种是皮蠹科成虫和幼虫.     

孝感板栗象的发生规律及防治研究

孝感地区板栗主要害虫剪枝栎实象、栗实象、板栗雪片象对板栗生产构成严重威胁，影响板栗的产量与质量。3种象虫的成虫出土期各不相同，分布为害程度也有差异。根据各地虫情，在板栗象成虫出土期前10d，在树盘、园地进行了土壤药剂处理，同年在堆果场、仓库进行了土壤、地面药剂处理、用全生境土壤、地面药剂处理法来防治板栗象虫，能有效控制其为害。     

Influence of stand size and quality of tree hollows on saproxylic beetles in Sweden

The habitat requirements of 11 beetle species associated with tree hollows were studied by correlating their occupancy with characteristics of the oaks and the number of hollow oaks in each stand. The species richness was higher in trunks with a large girth and in tree hollows with entrances situated high up on the trunks and not directed upwards. Several species occurred with higher frequencies in larger stands, which suggests that these species are sensitive to habitat fragmentation. In some cases at least, the present species richness may reflect higher densities of hollow trees in the past. It is therefore suggested that, in order to preserve the rare fauna in old oaks, the stand size must be increased at many sites. In this study two species,Elater ferrugineus and Tenebrio opacus, were absent from almost all stands with <10 hollow oaks, whereas the other species occurred at least to some extent also in smaller stands. Presence/absence data of E. ferrugineus, T. opacus and Osmoderma eremita may be used to evaluate to what extent the fauna in old trees is affected by habitat fragmentation today as well as in the past.     

锯天牛和狭胸天牛成虫发音器的超微形态研究

利用扫描电镜观察了锯天牛Ｐｒｉｏｎｕｓ ｉｎｓｕｌａｒｉｓ Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ和狭胸天牛Ｐｈｉｌｕｓ ａｎｔｅｎｎａｔｕｓ（Ｇｙｌｌｅｎｈａｌ）成虫发音器结构。结果表明两种天牛成虫都不发音，但其发音结构大不相同，锯于牛发音部位狭长，具许多乳状结构；而狭胸天牛发音部位呈梯形，具明显的条纹状发音齿，纵沟后端具发音齿向外突出的特殊结构。比较形态学可见：狭胸天牛的发音器结构比锯天牛的更为进化，这亦是把狭胸天牛从     

天牛基因组DNA提取方法和标本保存方式的比较研究

[目的]为天牛的分子系统学研究奠定基础。[方法]采用不同提取方法(饱和NaCl法、CTAB法、SDS-蛋白酶K消化法)从不同保存条件下天牛标本中提取基因组DNA,进行RAPD扩增,比较不同保存条件和不同DNA提取方法对DNA提取质量的影响,探索天牛标本的最佳保存方式和最佳DNA提取方法。[结果]不同方法提取的DNA质量有明显差异。CTAB法和SDS-蛋白酶K消化法提取的DNA质量较好,条带清晰完整,无降解和RNA污染。但饱和NaCl法的提取效果较差。天牛标本的最佳保存条件为在-80℃条件下无水乙醇浸泡。CTAB法提取的天牛基因组DNA能扩增出稳定清晰的多态性片段。[结论]CTAB法提取的天牛DNA质量最好,可直接用于PCR扩增。     

3种蛀食性储粮甲虫的磷化氢阈限浓度及浓度与时间关系

研究了谷蠹Ｒｈｙｚｏｐｅｒｔｈａ ｄｏｍｉｎｉｃａ Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ、玉米象Ｓｉｔｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｚｅｏｍａｉｓ Ｍｏｔｓｃｈｕｌｓｋｙ、绿豆象Ｃａｌｌｏｓｏｂｒｕｃｈｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ成虫的磷化氢阈限浓度及浓度与时间的关系。结果表明,（１）不同虫种或同一虫种不同品系的磷化氢阈限浓度不尽相同,对应的ＬＤ５０和ＬＤ９９值均不同,谷蠹河郑州品系成虫的磷化氢阈限浓度为０．０５８     

山西庞泉沟自然保护区步甲种类研究

2005年和2006年6~8月,在山西庞泉沟国家自然保护区,主要利用巴氏罐诱法,并结合网筛、扫网等采集方法对步甲科昆虫进行了调查研究,结果表明:⑴获得步甲标本1 343号,隶属10属23种,其中Chlaeniuspallipes、Pterostichus gebleri、P. chinensis为优势种,占总数的63.51%,与Carabus crassesculptus、C. manifes-tus一起构成本地区的常见种;⑵本研究采集了18种步甲是保护区以前没有记载的。⑶将该地区与北京东灵山地区(115°24'~115°36'E,39°48'~40°02'N,)步甲属物种变化及区系类似度比较,j=0.33,两地区步甲优势种一样,但常见特色种不同,前者与后者步甲属区系类似度为中等不相似。     

Flea beetle (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) species composition and abundance in different cruciferous oilseed crops and the potential for a trap crop system

Flea beetles are significant insect pests of cruciferous oilseed crops in northern Europe. A two-year small-scale field experiment was performed to determine the species complex and abundance of flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) associated with eight cruciferous oilseed plants: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., Brassica napus L. var. oleifera subvar. annua, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera subvar. annua, Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, Eruca sativa Mill., Raphanus sativus L. spp. oleifera (DC) Metzg. and Sinapis alba L. Their relative attractiveness to flea beetles was compared to assess their potential for use within a trap crop system for spring oilseed rape. Adults of six species of flea beetles were found on the test plants. Phyllotreta undulata Kutsch. was the most abundant species followed by Phyllotreta nigripes (Fabr.), Phyllotreta nemorum L. and Phyllotreta vittata (=striolata) (Fabr.), while Phyllotreta atra (Fabr.) and Chaetocnema concinna Marsh. were occasionally present. The species composition of flea beetles on seven of the investigated plant species was fairly similar but differed significantly on C. sativa. The flea beetle species discriminated between the tested host plants, with a general gradient in attraction from E. sativa > B. juncea > B. nigra > R. sativus > S. alba > B. rapa > B. napus through to C. sativa. Brassica juncea and B. nigra developed faster and at early growth stages were more attractive to overwintered adult flea beetles than B. napus and therefore had potential as trap plants to protect spring rape. R. sativus and E. sativa, despite their development rate being slower than B. napus were also more attractive to flea beetles. Thus, further experiments with a complex of attractive early season and late-season plant species (multiple trap crops) should be undertaken.     

Impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on adults of Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

In 2005, preparations of four species of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and H. megidis, were tested under laboratory conditions for their ability to kill adult flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The nematode preparations were tested at doses of 200, 1000, and 2000 IJs per adult and at temperatures 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. The numbers of beetles killed were recorded two, four, six, and eight days after treatment. The nematodes were more effective at 20°C and 25°C than at 15°C. At 20°C, the nematodes had killed between 44% (H. megidis at the lowest dose tested) and 77% (S. feltiae at the lowest dose tested) of the beetles eight days after treatment. At the two highest doses tested, the S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae, and H. bacteriophora preparations each killed at least 74% of the beetles at 25°C. Steinernema feltiae was the most effective nematode (LC₅₀=483–1467 IJs/adult) and, as an alternative to chemical insecticides, appears to have the highest potential for controlling overwintered flea beetles (May) under field conditions. The nematodes S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora would all be suitable for controlling adult flea beetles during warm summer months, when flea beetles occur in high numbers in Slovenia.