Yield potential and drought tolerance of segregating populations of barley in contrasting environments

Summary Using the traditional approach (selection for grain yield) it has been found that F₃ families derived from F₂'s selected under unfavourable conditions were more vigorous in the early stages of growth, taller, earlier in heading and with larger yields than F₃ families derived from F₂'s selected under favourable conditions. A high and negative correlation coefficient was found between the drought susceptibility index and grain yield at the driest site, whereas at the wettest site the correlation coefficients were lower and in some cases positive, indicating the existence of traits which are desirable under drought and undesirable under favourable conditions, or vice versa.Expected responses to selection for grain yield using different selection criteria indicated that selection under stress conditions is expected to be more efficient than selection under favourable conditions when dry areas is the target environment.Expected responses to selection for grain yield using different selection criteria indicated that selection under stress conditions is expected to be more efficient than selection under favourable conditions when dry areas is the target environment.Part of this work was supported by Opec Fund for International Development.     

湖北宣恩烟区气候因素和烤烟质量特点分析

笔者分析了湖北宣恩烟叶产区适宜种植烤烟的基本条件、气候因素和所产烟叶的质量特点，并与国外优质烟叶产区津巴布韦烤烟进行了比较，结果表明：该烟区具有无霜期长、大于10℃积温高、日均气温大于20℃的时间长等突出特点，达到了烤烟最适宜类型生长发育所要求的气候条件；宣恩烤烟颜色橘黄或柠檬黄，成熟度好，与津巴布韦烟叶外观质量相当；宣恩烟叶填充力较高，各化学成分含量较适宜，组成比例协调；感官评吸质量较好     

中国东北三省粮食生产的态势、优势、问题与对策

在分析2004年东北三省农业总体概况的基础上，通过对中国东北地区黑、吉、辽三个省1980—2004年间粮食生产态势、粮食生产的比较优势等问题的研究，找出影响东北地区粮食生产的主要问题，并提出了积极的解决对策。     

内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区土壤水分动态初探

通过对内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区土壤水分的初步研究,表明:该区土壤水分的垂直动态分布分为三个不同层次,即:水分不稳定层(0～40cm);中间过渡层(40～100cm);水分相对稳定层(100～200cm);旱作土壤水分的动态变化与降雨的变化基本一致;作物对土壤水分的消耗主要是当年降雨。     

百花山山地土壤中有机质的垂直分布规律

本文测定了北京百花山山地典型土壤剖面各发生层的有机质含量、腐殖酸组分、可见光谱,利用相关分析方法计算了有机质与海拔高度之间的相关系数。结果表明:有机质与海拔高度的相关系数为0.94,,呈显著相关水平;各剖面土壤腐殖质分析结果表明,该山地土壤的HA/FA值、E4/E6值随着海拔高度的升高而呈现上升趋势。     

基于多维特征组合的农村居民点布局分类

快速城市化背景下的农村居民点用地调整应加强对其空间布局的科学表征与分类研究。该文通过阐释农村居民点布局特征内涵及关键构成要素,构建了多维度特征评价指标体系及组合矩阵,并以北京市平谷区为例,分析了区域农村居民点布局特征及类型。结果表明:可从空间规模、形态及区位3个维度刻画农村居民点布局特征;平谷区农村居民点共划分为10种布局类型,以中等规模-形态一般规整-优势区位、中等规模-形态规整-优势区位为主。地形地貌等自然条件对农村居民点的规模特征起到基础性控制作用,而城镇辐射及交通等基础设施通达性进一步影响了农村居民点的空间状态。基于组合矩法综合多维度特征的农村居民点布局分类,可为村庄整治和布局调整提供指导。     

陕西省渭北渍涝灾害问题及对策

渭河下游发生洪涝灾害后,渭北渍涝灾害的危害性引起各级领导和群众的关注。从渭北渍涝灾害治理的现状和存在问题的实际出发,结合当地排水工程的现状,讨论了今后如何更好地预防治理渍涝灾害,提出了有关对策措施及建议。     

塑料大棚内黄瓜叶片露时的计算方法

1.采用单叶的能量平衡方法,建立大棚黄瓜叶片的露时模式。模式运行结果:结露期间的叶片温度计算值与测量值差异极不显著(|t|0.50,S=0.291,n=25);结露时间、露干时间和露时的计算值与观测值差异不显著(|t|0.40,平均差异分别为21、-6和-25分钟。2.根据叶湿频率与相对湿度的关系,得出大棚黄瓜叶片结露的临界相对湿度为93％。用此临界相对湿度估算露时,误差一般不超出1小时。     

五常市北部地区农村居民点用地适宜性评价与整治分区规划

农村居民点用地适宜性评价是实现农村土地合理布局、挖掘土地整理潜力的重要依据。以五常市北部地区为例,从自然、经济社会和生态三方面构建典型粮食产区农村居民点用地适宜性评价指标体系,结合地区内部特点量化指标因子;依据适宜性评价分级和区域模式差异,综合考虑人口城镇化影响实现居民点的整治分区规划。结果表明:北部12个乡镇中农村居民点用地适宜性区间为0~3.996 8,不存在最高适宜的居民点用地,域内以高适宜和中适宜用地为主,低适宜和不适宜的居民点用地相对比例之和5.02%,地区仍有部分居民点需重点整治;兴隆乡、营城子乡、民乐乡等部分地区应引导村内人口外迁,八家子乡、常堡乡、牛家镇等应积极迁村并点,兴隆乡部分地区、八家子乡和卫国乡实施内部改造,保留发展型均有分布。研究结果可为该地区居民点整理规划提供科学依据。     

Conservation of Northern European plant diversity: the correspondence with soil pH

Effective biodiversity conservation requires an analysis of the existing reserve system. In temperate and boreal regions, plant diversity has a strong positive association with soil pH. Consequently, in order to protect plant diversity effectively, a relatively large proportion of protected areas should be on high pH soils. Since biodiversity data are never complete for all taxa, biodiversity indicators, e.g., threatened species, should be used. We studied soil pH distributions in protected areas in Northern Europe and tested whether soil pH requirement differs between threatened and non-threatened bryophyte and vascular plant species. As result, the proportion of high pH soils in protected areas was significantly greater than the proportion of these soils in general. This ensures that a large regional pool of plant species preferring high pH soils is relatively well protected. Threatened and non-threatened species in Northern Europe did not differ in their soil pH requirements, but threatened species required a narrower soil pH range than non-threatened species. Consequently, threatened species diversity can be used for indicating overall plant diversity.