贵州锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染风险评价及草本植物重金属吸收特征

为明确锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染及优势草本植物重金属吸收特征,对贵州省典型锰矿废渣堆场的重金属污染风险进行了评价,并调查研究了锰矿废渣堆场草本植物的类群及重金属吸收特征。共采集优势草本植物18种,隶属11科18属,菊科和禾本科为优势科。对18种草本植物体地上部、地下部及其生长基质中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Mn 7种重金属元素进行了测定,结果显示,锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染空间变异较大,Mn污染最严重,其次是Cd,属于Mn、Cd复合型污染。计算了草本植物对7种重金属元素的富集系数、转运系数,并对18种草本植物进行了聚类分析,综合分析了草本植物重金属吸收特征,结果显示,看麦娘对Cd富集系数达22.49,对Cd有较强的富集能力;五节芒、商陆对Cr、Ni具有较强的富集能力和转运能力;风毛菊和夏枯草对锰矿废渣区多种重金属均表现出较强的富集能力和转运能力。研究结果表明,锰矿废渣堆场主要为Mn和Cd污染,矿区本土自然生长的优势草本植物可作为生态修复的首选植物。     

不同方法处理甘蔗叶梢饲喂山羊的试验研究

为了探讨不同处理方法对甘蔗叶稍营养价值的影响及饲喂山羊的效果,为科学利用甘蔗叶梢养羊技术提供科学依据。分别采用青贮、氨化、微贮的方法处理甘蔗叶梢,并进行山羊的饲养试验。结果表明,青贮、氨化、微贮甘蔗叶梢均达到优级标准;与新鲜甘蔗叶梢相比,氨化和微贮均提高了甘蔗叶梢的粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的含量;在精料相同的条件下,氨化、微贮均可极显著(P0.01)提高山羊对甘蔗叶梢的采食量、平均日增重和养羊的经济效益。     

Vachellia karroo leaf meal: a promising non-conventional feed resource for improving goat production in low-input farming systems of Southern Africa

Among a vast number of forage trees, Vachellia karroo (Acacia karroo) remains one of the most widely distributed indigenous plant legumes in Southern Africa. The plant possesses some striking attributes, such as rapid growth rate, drought tolerance, adaptation to alkaline and acidic sterile soils, and resistance to a variety of edaphic and temperature changes. In past years V. karroo was recognised to be a major threat to rangeland productivity owing to its invasive nature. Research interest has shifted from its eradication as an unwanted plant to its utilisation as a feed resource for livestock. Extensive utilisation of V. karroo is mainly hindered by the presence of tannins and spines. Prospects to lessen the adverse effects of the anti-nutritional influences are now recognised. Vachellia karroo possesses desirable fatty acid profiles, and high protein and mineral contents that can improve animal performance. Presently, the use of V. karroo for goat production in communal areas is restricted owing to limited evidence for its nutritional value as animal feed. The present review, therefore, seeks to demonstrate the utility potential of V. karroo to improve growth performance, carcass characteristics, chevon quality, meat fatty acid profiles and as a natural anti-helminth for goats raised under an extensive system of production.     

Predicting Acceptability of Jaguars and Pumas in the Atlantic Forest,Brazil

Jaguars and pumas are threatened species in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, especially at the borders of protected areas. This article assessed the influence of emotions, attitudes, existence value, and agency credibility on acceptability of big cats among rural residents living adjacent to two protected areas in this forest. Data from self-administrated questionnaires (n = 326) indicated those with positive attitudes toward big cats (β = .28, p < .001), those who valued the existence of big cats (β = .14, p < .05), those who would feel sorrow if big cats disappeared (β = .21, p < .001), and those who considered the managing agency as credible (β = .16, p = .002) were more accepting of big cats. The model provided theoretical and practical insights into large carnivore conservation. For example, given the significance of agency credibility, a positive relationship between park authorities and residents is crucial for big cat conservation.     

论乡村产业振兴

当前,全国上下正在全力推进乡村振兴战略的实施。乡村振兴,产业兴旺是重点。如何实现乡村产业振兴、产业兴旺,这是值得研究的紧迫而现实的重要问题。本文首先从乡村产业振兴在乡村振兴战略中的地位与作用入手分析,对新中国成立70年来中国乡村产业发展的历程进行了简要回顾,并将其划分为4个发展阶段：第一阶段：1949—1977年,传统产业缓慢发展;第二阶段：1978—2000年,乡镇企业异军突起;第三阶段：2001—2011年,新型产业不断涌现;第四阶段：2012年至今,乡村产业绿色“转型”。同时也指出了当前中国乡村产业存在的突出问题,即：产业门类少、生产规模小、产业层次浅、产业链条短、生产效率低、特色产业弱、品牌产业缺、产业环境差、产品质量低和缺乏竞争力。最后,针对上述存在的问题,提出了实施乡村振兴战略、实现乡村产业振兴要遵循的6大原则和10项具体措施,以期为推动实施乡村振兴战略做出积极贡献。     

浙江省农村水污染成因与防治对策探讨

浙江省地表水受污染的影响因素多,城镇生活污水和工业废水排放及农村面源污染均造成了较严重的水环境污染。为此,对浙江省农村水污染治理对策进行了探索,旨在通过加强农村生态环境建设、发展污水重复利用等措施改善农村水生生态环境,为经济的可持续发展提供保障。     

推进农业产业化经营是贫困地区农业发展的现实途径

本文阐述了推进农业产为化经营是贫因地区农业发展的意义、基础、方法及途径.     

贵州喀斯特山区冬闲田土种草模式与特点分析

贵州省是一个典型的喀斯特山区省份,人多地少,人均耕地面积0.047 hm2,仅为全国平均水平0.094 hm2的50%.因此,通过转变畜牧业生产方式,大力开展冬闲田土种草养畜,可以有效地促进农民增收致富.在对贵州省2005年冬闲田土种草情况进行调研的基础上,提出了加强冬闲田土种草的建议.     

贵州烟区紫色土养分状况的综合评价

对贵州烟区紫色土的养分状况进行了综合评价。将55个紫色土样品的10项养分指标进行主成分分析,按累积贡献率达到85%以上提取6个主成分,求出各土样的主成分得分,并对综合得分进行聚类分析,把供试土样分为高(Ⅰ)、较高(Ⅱ)、中等(Ⅲ)和较低(Ⅳ)4个等级,各等级所占比例分别为12.7%、29.1%、36.4%和21.8%。第Ⅰ等级的综合得分≥0.5323,各养分含量最高;第Ⅱ等级的综合得分为0.0631~0.3845,除有机质和CEC含量显著低于第Ⅰ等级外,其它养分含量与第Ⅰ等级差异不显著;第Ⅲ等级的综合得分为-0.2349~0.0056,除速效磷含量显著低于第Ⅱ等级外,各养分含量中等;第Ⅳ等级的综合得分≤-0.3003,总体上养分含量较低。