Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

大豆胚尖不定芽对NaCl耐性的研究

以大豆胚尖为外植体,研究NaCl胁迫对大豆黑农37和吉育91胚尖不定芽形成的影响.结果表明,大豆胚尖诱导不定芽对NaCl胁迫反应较敏感,随着NaCl浓度的增高,两个基因型胚尖不定芽诱导率、芽数和芽长都显著降低,25mmol/L NaCl显著地抑制了黑农37胚尖不定芽的形成与生长.     

雪青梨适宜冬季修剪量及枝条再生率研究

在良好的栽培管理条件下,六年生雪青梨树冬季修剪量（去枝量）以40%左右为宜。冬季修剪后,树上总留枝量平均为216.7个,果枝留量121.3个,生长枝与结果枝比例为1：1.3。全树平均花序留量为207.7个,按照丰产优质标准,疏果后每株平均留果85.3个,当年平均产量26.4 kg/株,达到了幼树早期丰产的要求。在结果的同时,当年果枝形成率可达到47.1%,完全能够满足翌年丰产的需求。采用上述程度冬剪后,生长季枝条再生率（新生枝增加的比率）达到61.4%,生长季枝果比为4.1：1。冬剪对枝类比有一定的影响。冬季修剪前树冠长、中、短枝比率为24.8%、14.9和59.9%;冬剪后人为变化为15.7%、18.2%和66.2%,冬剪相对去枝量分别占原长枝、中枝和短枝数量的61.6%、26.0%和33.0%。然而,由于生长季新生枝条的出现和增加,长、中、短枝比例又恢复为25.5%、13.8%和60.7%,基本与上年冬剪前相同。采用上述方法修剪后,当年发生的新梢总数与上年修剪前枝条总数基本持平,说明若仅从维持生长与结果相对平衡的角度考虑,上述修剪量较为适宜。     

大白菜营养茎长和宽的QTL定位和分析

以大白菜纯系'501'×'601'的F2:3家系为群体,对营养茎长和宽2个性状进行QTL定位和分析.结果表明,2个性状表现为连续分布,符合数量性状的遗传特征,且性状之间无显著差异.在5个连锁群共检测到7个QTL,且均以加性效应为主.控制营养茎长度的3个QTL分别位于A02、A04和A09连锁群,各QTL可解释的表型变异...     

Effect of two wheat genotypes and Swedish environment on falling number, amylase activities, and protein concentration and composition

Variation in falling number, amylase activities, protein concentration and composition were investigated in two wheat cultivars grown in Sweden over two seasons, in four locations, with four N fertilizer rates, with and without fungicide treatment. The results showed that;

锡林郭勒草原植被覆盖度时空动态与影响因素分析

以MODIS地表辐射率数据对内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒草地进行研究,分析了2001—2013年生长季(4—10月份)草甸草原、典型草原、沙地草原和荒漠草原4种草地类型植被覆盖度(fv)的时空变化特征,用变异系数(C_v)衡量各类草原f_v的变化程度,并结合气象和放牧数据分析气候变化和人类活动(放牧)对草地f_v的影响。结果表明,在不同年份各类型草原f_v均表现为由东向西递减的规律,同类型草原年际间fv呈不显著波动变化。研究区多年f_v的Cv结果表明有78.66%地区属脆弱和很脆弱水平,其中典型草原和沙地草原属脆弱级别,而荒漠草原属很脆弱级别,只有草甸草原属稳定级别。降水量对f_v的影响较大,呈显著正相关关系;而温度对fv的影响较小,呈不显著负相关关系;牲畜养殖数量对f_v影响较大,锡林郭勒盟草原的适宜综合牲畜养殖数量为39只/km~2(以标准羊计)。     

菜心对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)吸收途径的初步研究

采用玻璃室处理和污染土壤覆盖原土壤来控制PAEs来源进行盆栽试验，应用GC/MS联机检测技术初步研究了菜心对PAEs的吸收途径。结果表明：污染土壤处理与污染土壤上覆盖原土壤处理相比，前者菜心茎叶中DBP和DEHP的含量均高于后者，但相差不大，表明菜心茎叶可以吸收污染土壤中挥发出来的DBP和DEHP，而根系吸收运移是菜心茎叶中DBP和DEHP的主要来源途径。玻璃室处理增加了菜心茎叶和根系中DBP的含量，而对DEHP的影响趋势不明显。DBP与DEHP相比，前者更易被菜心根系吸收并向地上部(茎叶)运移，后者主要滞留在根部。     

Efficient In Vitro Shoot-regeneration Systems in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Two different protocols for in vitro regeneration of cassava using zygotic embryos and nodal axillary meristems have been developed. In both cases, buds were regenerated directly from excised explants without an intervening callus phase after a two-step culture procedure. In cotyledonary explants derived from zygotic embryos, prolific shoot formation occurred within 2—3 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 0.5—5 mg/1 BAP alone or in combination with 0.1 mg/1 NAA. Nodal explants with axillary meristems derived from aseptically grown seedlings or stem cuttings were used to initiate a round compact bulb-like structure on MS medium containing 10 mg/1 BAP. These latter structures, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/1 NAA, 1 mg/1 BAP and 0.1 mg/1 GA₃, produced multiple shoots. Somatic embryos isolated at the globular/torpedo stage from zygotic embryo explants were also capable of multiple shoot production on medium with 1 mg/1 BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots exceeded 95 % in phytohormone-free MS medium. No change in their ploidy levels was observed. Therefore, the protocols developed should be of use in the particle gun and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of cassava.     

低雷诺数工况下锯齿型翅片性能的参数化研究

基于田口方法,结合均匀设计法对低雷诺数工况下错列锯齿型翅片进行三维参数化数值研究。以单层翅片组件为测试对象,对6种试件的试验表明,仿真结果与试验数据的趋势吻合良好,而存在差异的主要原因是试件加工工艺引起翅片表面存在毛刺。按照均匀设计法得到6因子5水平的11种仿真方案,引入田口方法的信噪比和贡献率,研究各几何参数对翅片性能的影响程度,依次为齿距、齿高、齿型角、错齿距、齿开窗宽度和齿厚。根据各水平下各可控因子的信噪比分布得到翅片的优化模型,并通过仿真验证了优化模型的有效性。     

糜子愈伤诱导及再分化最适条件研究

研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5个糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,‘冀黍2号’出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养;2,4-D对‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5 mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2.5 mg/L 2,4-D+3.5 mg/L TDZ时,出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。