大白菜营养茎长和宽的QTL定位和分析

以大白菜纯系'501'×'601'的F2:3家系为群体,对营养茎长和宽2个性状进行QTL定位和分析.结果表明,2个性状表现为连续分布,符合数量性状的遗传特征,且性状之间无显著差异.在5个连锁群共检测到7个QTL,且均以加性效应为主.控制营养茎长度的3个QTL分别位于A02、A04和A09连锁群,各QTL可解释的表型变异...     

Genome-wide Association Study of Teats Number Traits in Kele Pigs

Teats number is one of the most important reproductive traits,and closely related to the economic benefit in pig industry.In order to reveal the underlying genetics of left teats number,right teats number and total teats number traits,a genome-wide association study（GWAS）was performed.Samples of DNA were collected to genotyping for 22 Kele pigs using the Illumina Porcine SNP 60K Chip.The GWAS was performed using a mixed-effects model and linear regression approach.When a genome-wide threshold was determined using the Bonferroni method（P<2.06E-5),4 single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）markers were potentially associated with left teats number,right teats number and total teat number.However,3 SNPs were significant associated and 18 SNPs were potentially associated in chromosomes level.304 Ensembl genes were retrieved around 1 cM of the associated SNPs.The candidate genes in Wnt and Fgf signaling pathway（BTRC,FGF5,FGF8,BMP3,RASGEF1B and HMGB3）might have effect on target traits.These results provided valuable information about the selective breeding for Kele pigs.     

我国森林公园的发展动态分析

以我国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市及全国森林公园为研究对象,分析我国森林公园数量、面积、旅游收入、游客数量年份间的动态变化。结果表明,我国森林公园数量、面积、旅游收入、游客总人次、国内游客人次及海外游客人次呈现逐年递增趋势。森林公园数量、面积及旅游收入均在2001年及2002年增幅比例较高,而游客总人次及国内游客人次除2003年外增幅均较高。相关性分析均表明,森林公园数量、面积、游客总人次、国内游客人次及海外游客人次均与森林公园旅游收入具有显著相关性,但逐步回归分析显示,仅有森林公园数量及国内游客人次影响森林公园旅游收入。     

打顶时期与留叶数对兴烟一号农艺性状及产质量的影响

[目的]为兴烟一号(Nicotiana glauca L.)在黔西南地区的推广种植提供科学依据。[方法]研究不同时期打顶(现蕾期、初花期和盛花期)与留叶数(20、25、30、35片/株)对兴烟一号农艺性状、经济性状和化学成分的影响。[结果]随着留叶数的增加,株高显著增加,茎围和节距则变小;随着打顶时期的推迟,株高显著增加,节距显著变大,叶片稍变大。随着留叶数的增加,产量和产值增加,均价和上中等烟比例呈现低-高-低的趋势;随着打顶时期的推迟,产量显著增加,均价和中上等烟比例以初花期打顶的较好。随着留叶数的增加,总糖和还原糖含量先增后减;随着打顶时期的推迟,总糖含量、还原糖含量、糖碱比和钾氯比降低,两糖差以初花期打顶的较好。[结论]兴烟一号宜选择初花期打顶,留叶30或35片/株,此时烟株的农艺性状较好,化学成分较为协调,烟叶经济性状好。     

两种地被植物生长及生理指标对盐胁迫的响应

采用盆栽试验法对花叶蔓长春和金叶过路黄进行盐胁迫处理,以了解两种植物的耐盐能力及耐盐性差异。对新梢生长量和相对生长量、叶片中游离脯氨酸（Pro）和丙二醛（MDA）含量、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性等指标进行了测定分析。结果表明：随盐浓度升高,新梢生长量逐渐下降,花叶蔓长春的平均相对生长量高于金叶过路黄;叶片中游离Pro含量增加,MDA含量和SOD活性均呈先升后降趋势,且均表现为金叶过路黄的增幅大于花叶蔓长春;金叶过路黄叶片中的POD活性几乎无变化,而花叶蔓长春中则呈先升后降趋势。综合各测试指标、外部形态观察以及田间生长表现认为：花叶蔓长春的耐盐性较金叶过路黄强,但均可在含盐量为4mg·F^-1以下的土壤中正常生长。     

Comparing Genetic Characteristics of Retrotransposon TOS17 During Different Tissue Culture Processes in the Rice Cultivars Nipponbare and Shishoubaimao

As a retrotransposon, TOS17 was a useful tool for rice genetic and functional genomic research. To ascertain the feasibility of constructing a TOS17 insertion mutation library in the rice cultivar Shishoubaimao, the genetic and expression characteristics of TOS17 were analyzed. We made solid and suspension tissue cultures and confirmed the copy numbers of TOS17 at different time points in both tissue culture processes by real-time quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR）. Three primary copies of TOS17 were detected in naturally grown Shishoubaimao. TOS17 was activated by tissue culture, and the copy numbers of TOSI7 increased along with a prolonged tissue culture time in both the Nipponbare and the Shishoubaimao cultivars. Therefore, Shishoubaimao is a potential candidate for constructing a TOS17 insertion mutant library. Compared with Nipponbare, TOS17 was more active in Shishoubaimao during tissue culture. Higher copy numbers of TOS17 were obtained with the suspension tissue culture process than with the solid tissue culture process over the same time courses. We concluded that 3-4 months of suspension tissue culture time is suitable for constructing a TOS17 insertion mutant library in Shishoubaimao.     

冀北山地萌生白桦每丛合理保留株数的研究

[目的]为确定萌生白桦每丛合理保留株数提供参考意见。[方法]以河北省承德市白桦树为研究对象,调查萌芽林中龄时期（29年）每丛不同保留株数林木生长状况,并研究保留株数与伐桩直径及郁闭度的关系。[结果]林龄29年的萌生树已发育成独立的植株,其林分密度2 139株/hm^2,蓄积量73.5266 m^3/hm^2,平均直径9.61 cm,郁闭度0.8,平均株高11.5 m;林分平均直径随每丛保留株数的增加呈低-高-低的变化趋势;在3～5株丛密度下,薪材材积比与株数比分别为3.7%～4.3%和9.4%～14.3%。丛密度为5株时,薪材出现频率最高（62.5%）;伐桩断面积D0与生长于其上的萌生树胸高断面积之和的回归方程为G1.3=67.5565＋0.4374D0（r=0.7341〉r0.01）。丛密度与郁闭度呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）。[结论]萌生白桦每丛保留株数应视伐桩直径和周边郁闭度大小而定,一般3～5株/丛较适宜。     

几种常见鲤科养殖鱼类肌间刺的初步研究

对鲢、鳙、团头鲂和异育银鲫肌间刺的数目、形态和分布进行分析研究,结果显示：鲢的肌间刺数目在117～124之间,鳙的肌间刺数目在116～133之间,团头鲂的肌间刺数目在114～129之间,异育银鲫的肌间刺数目在79～87之间。每条鱼左右两侧的肌间刺数目不完全相等,但总体上两侧肌间刺的数目接近。不同部位的肌间刺数目也有差异：躯干部轴上肌中的肌间刺数目最多,尾部轴上肌与轴下肌中的肌间刺数目基本相等。鲢、鳙、鲫和团头鲂的肌间刺形态都在10种以上。这几种鱼每条鱼的躯干部轴上肌中都有一根很细很短的“l”形刺,这根最短刺的长度在不同规格的鱼上差别并不大。     

高效氯氰菊酯在竹笋中的残留分析与消解动态

采用乙腈匀浆提取和气相色谱法分析竹笋中高效氯氰菊酯的残留动态,旨在建立消解动态方程。结果表明,当添加水平为0.01～0.1 mg/kg时,平均添加回收率为98.2%～106.3%,变异系数为2.0%～12.2%,以3倍基线噪音作为最小检出限,得到最小检出量为6×10-12 g,最低检测浓度为0.01 mg/kg。竹笋对高效氯氰菊酯的吸收在施药后1 d达到高峰,之后缓慢下降,半衰期为2.1d,高效氯氰菊酯在竹笋中的消解方程Ct=0.595 e-0.129x,其安全间隔期应大于19 d。     

雷笋膳食纤维的制备工艺及其特性研究

以雷笋笋肉及加工后的下脚料笋壳等为原料,探讨了制取雷笋膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件。通过正交试验设计,采用绿色木霉发酵法制备雷笋膳食纤维,并对其化学成分、持水力、溶胀性、对重金属束缚能力等特性进一步研究。结果表明:最佳发酵条件为8%的接种量,于32℃,pH为7.0条件下培养48 h;产品的膳食纤维含量为85.23%,可溶性膳食纤维为30.43%,持水力和溶胀性分别达到7.82 g/g和689 mL/g,对重金属Cd2+和Pb2+的最大束缚量分别为38.8μmol/g和37.4μmol/g。