砂培条件下不同缺Zn敏感型玉米对施锌的反应

【目的】研究不同缺Zn敏感型玉米(Zea maysL.)对缺Zn的敏感程度和耐性。【方法】以缺Zn敏感型玉米品种陕单902、陕单911、农大60、中单2号、户单2000和非敏感型玉米品种新陕资1号、郑单958、陕单8813、高农1号、户单4号为供试材料,在温室中进行不同供Zn水平(设无Zn、低Zn、适量供Zn和足量供Zn 4个处理,分别施0,0.5,1.5,3.0 mg/kg ZnSO4.7H2O)下玉米幼苗的砂培试验,研究供Zn量对玉米生长、生物量以及各部位Zn含量和吸收量的影响。【结果】不同缺Zn敏感型玉米对施Zn的反应有较大差异,缺Zn敏感型玉米对低Zn的敏感性明显高于非敏感型玉米。敏感型玉米品种幼苗较非敏感型的根冠比大;供Zn会降低玉米幼苗的根冠比,而促进地上部生长。缺Zn非敏感型玉米在低Zn条件下会受到较为严重的伤害,这种伤害比无Zn所造成的伤害更为严重。施Zn量为0.5 mg/kg时,玉米幼苗吸收的Zn绝大部分被累积在根中;施Zn量增加至1.5 mg/kg时,玉米幼苗Zn含量较无Zn处理普遍提高,缺Zn敏感型玉米根、茎、叶的Zn含量分别提高了20.5%,53.6%和18.5%,而非敏感型玉米分别提高了5.5%,83.4%和60.7%。【结论】缺Zn非敏感型玉米根系吸收的Zn更多地被转移至地上部,使地上部含Zn量的增幅显著大于敏感型玉米。不同缺Zn敏感型玉米在缺Zn条件下不仅生长和Zn营养的分布情况截然不同,而且在供Zn后对Zn的吸收也存在差异。     

不同基质对狭叶四照花苗期生长的影响

用两种基质栽培狭叶四照花一年生幼苗,结果表明苗木的株高、地径生长及生物量有明显差异,且持续表现在二年生、三年生的苗木生长上.两种处理的苗木其苗高和地径以及生物量在当年差异最大,以后差距逐渐缩小.圃地苗的一年生和三年生苗木生物总量远高于沙床苗.一年生苗的茎生物量在营养器官中所占比例最低,而三年生苗茎的生物量所占比例最大.     

不同密度下棉花果枝、叶枝特征及产量的研究

[目的]探讨棉花果枝和叶枝的干物质积累、养分积累、成铃特征以及对产量的影响.[方法]通过设置田间密度试验小区,进行田间调查,并对样品进行室内测定.[结果]密度能明显影响植株形态,低密度A1处理的叶枝数为4台左右,明显高于高密度处理;果枝成铃数也相对较多,与最少的A5处理相差4个棉铃.单株干物质积累差异显著,尤其是叶枝,A1与A5处理相差多达70 g/株.氮、磷、钾养分含量上,趋势基本一致,但果枝叶钾素含量高于叶枝叶.棉铃空间分布,内围铃占主导,其他成分所占比例随密度的增大而减小,而上、中、下各部分比例随密度变化各异,产量按密度顺序先增大后减小.[结论]低密度处理的叶枝干物质积累高,是产量形成的重要组成部分,而养分积累各密度差异不大,产量形成主要依靠内围铃,皮棉产量最高为A3处理3 247.4 kg/hm2.     

四元联系数多因素态势排序法综合评价水稻优良组合

按照四元联系数多因素态势排序原理,对重庆三峡农业科学院2009年水稻组合鉴定结果进行分析与排序,目的是为水稻优良组合筛选提供可靠的理论依据。结果表明:10个参试组合被划分为4个方阵,第一方阵为优良组合(WZ-2),可作为下年区试或重点示范组合;第二方阵为较好组合,共4个;其余7个组合归为第三、第四方阵,为一般、较差组合。     

青刺果促腋芽分枝快繁及生根诱导

研究青刺果的快繁技术。通过腋芽丛生方式对青刺果组织培养中种子的灭菌,腋芽丛生,壮苗培养,生根诱导等进行了研究,得出适合青刺果离体培养的培养体系。培养基MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L的激素搭配较适合青刺果的腋芽诱导,平均每个外植体可得到6~10个丛生芽。培养基MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L明显促进茎的增粗和叶片的扩展。适宜的生根培养基为改良的1/2MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L,生根率可达85%。生根苗经炼苗处理后移栽到蛭石∶营养土(1∶1)的花盆中,成活率达80%以上。青刺果带腋芽的茎段丛生增殖效果好。在培养基中添加不同种浓度的各种生长素对再生芽进行培养之后生根效果较好,移栽成活率也较高。     

Relationships between numbers of main stems and yield components of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Erntestolz) as influenced by different daylengths

Summary The relationshops between numbers of main stems and some measures of growth and yield, as well as total tuber yield, were examined for potatoes grown under different daylengths. Leaf area, tuber number and tuber yield per plant increased significantly with increasing daylength and number of main stems. Numbers of main stems and leaf area were correlated positively with tuber number and tuber yield and negatively with average tuber weight. The correlations were stronger with stem number than with leaf area and were differently affected by daylength. Standard regression coefficients indicated that stem number has strong positive and negative relationships with tuber number and average tuber weight, respectively. Since tuber number was a better determinant of yeild than average tuber weight, the final relationship between the numbers of main stems and tuber yield remained positive for all daylengths. Determinants that will best explain variation in tuber total yield, tuber number, and average tuber weight are suggested.     

Grain number and grain weight in wheat lines contrasting for stem water soluble carbohydrate concentration

In wheat, the ability to store and remobilise large amounts of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) to grain constitutes a desirable trait to incorporate into germplasm targeted to regions with frequent terminal drought. The main aim of this paper was to examine the relationships between WSC storage, grain number and grain weight across several environments. A small set of recombinant inbred lines (2–4) contrasting in stem WSC were grown in six field trials where water availability, sowing date and/or N level were manipulated, with line yields ranging from 400 to 850 g m⁻² across experiments. Biomass, N and WSC concentration (WSCc, mg g⁻¹ dry weight) and amount (WSCa, g m⁻²) were monitored. A resource-oriented area-based model [Fischer, R.A., 1984. Growth and yield of wheat. In: Smith, W.H., Bante, S.J. (Eds.), Potential Productivity of Field Crops Under Different Environments. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, pp. 129–154] and intrinsic rates of organ growth were used to investigate the consequences on grain number of potential competition between spike and stem around flowering.     

石竹出笋退笋规律研究

对石竹出笋退笋规律的研究表明 ,石竹出笋时间始于 5月 1日左右 ,历时约 36d ,出笋初期出笋少 (持续时间 12d左右 ,占 11 1% ) ,盛期出笋数较多 (持续时间 18d ,占 83 9% ) ,末期出笋数迅速下降 (持续时间 6d ,出笋占 5 0 % ) ,初期出土石竹笋退笋少 ,以后退笋率不断增加 ,但末期退笋率又有所下降。随着笋期的推移 ,退笋高度不断增加 ,退笋生长时间缩短。     

Cytological studies on adventitious shoots and minitubers of a monoploid potato clone

Summary A three step procedure for adventitious shoot regeneration on leaf explants of monoploid potato clone H7322 and a minituber induction procedure on stem segments have been described. Chromosome counts on 92 adventitious shoots showed that 85% of them had been polyploidized, i.e., 71% were diploid, 1% tetraploid, and 13% were mixoploid. Cytophotometric studies on nuclei of soil grown tubers of tetraploid cv Astarte, of 1x, 2x and 4x adventitious shoots of H7322, and of diploid H²578 showed in all cases polyploidization with prominent classes up to 8C and 16C. However, nuclei of pith cells of 5 weeks old minitubers which had developed on monoploid H7322 itself or on 1x adventitious shoots of H7322 showed predominantly 1C and 2C values. Pith cells of minitubers of monoploid H7322 were screened, after iodine staining, for the presence of variant cells containing reddish-brown staining (amylose-free) starch. In more than 75% of the investigated minitubers one or a few of such variant cells were found indicating that such a variation occurs in minitubers of monoploid potato and that this variant character is expressed in cells of vegetative storage organs like potato tubers.     

Meiotic studies of spontaneous hybrids of Amaranthus: genome analysis

The meiotic behaviour of 13 spontaneous interspecific F₁ hybrids of Amaranthus was studied. The hybrids between species with n= 16 chromosomes had 16 bivalents but varied considerably in pollen stainability (0–55%). These results suggest the existence of cryptic structural hybridity. The hybrids involving A. cruentus (n = 17) and species with n = 16 (A. caudatus and A. quitensis) always formed 15II+1 III with very low pollen stainability (5–7%). Further observations indicated that Amaranthus species are allotetraploids with basic numbers of x= 8 and x= 9 but exhibit x= 16 and x= 17 as secondary basic numbers, as demonstrated by (a) the frequent presence of 811 + 171 in the meiosis of the hybrid A. spinosus (n = 17) × A. hybridus (n= 16); and the occurrence of secondary associations between bivalents in MI. Genomic formulae are proposed for each species, on the basis of the meiotic behaviour of the hybrids studied.