柱型苹果杂交后代不同株型枝叶及光合参数比较

为了分析柱型苹果杂交后代群体不同株型的幼树在形态及生理上的差异,本文以柱型苹果"塔斯坎"、"特珍"与普通型苹果"富士"、"嘎啦"杂交的3个群体为试材,进行了枝条、叶片以及光合参数的比较.研究结果表明:3个杂交组合不同株型的表型存在很大差异,普通型植株节间长度分别是柱型植株的1.81、1.69和1.68倍,长粗比分别是柱型的1.62、1.59和1.57倍,成枝角度分别是柱型的2.07、1.89和1.93倍.柱型苹果植株容易形成大量短枝,短枝比例分别是普通型的1.57、1.85和1.83倍,普通型植株长枝较多,长枝比例分别是柱型植株的2.35、2.49和2.52倍.柱型苹果对光能的利用效率比普通型高,其叶面积指数分别是普通型的6.41、6.43和4.92倍.日周期中,柱型苹果树的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均高于普通型苹果树,二者均呈双峰曲线,在13:00-14:00之间有一段 "午休"现象.     

植物叶面积测定方法的比较研究

以两个不同品种的大豆叶片为研究对象，采用了不同的测定方法测定叶面积，分析并指出各种测定方法的优缺点，为在不同测定条件和实验目的要求下选择不同的叶面积测定方法提供依据，也为研究人员提供更加准确、快速、简便和经济的测定方法和依据。     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

我国市售虾酱产品品质分析与评价

为了解我国市售虾酱产品的品质现状，探究不同品种虾酱之间的品质差异，采集了32种市售虾酱，进行了感官评价和水分、盐分、蛋白质、氨基酸态氮等理化指标的检测，对品质相关数据进行了统计分析和主成分分析，并进一步采用电子鼻和气相–离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)对气味进行了分析。结果表明，市售虾酱色泽和质地差异相对较小，而气味差异较大。理化指标中，市售虾酱的氨基酸态氮含量变异系数为33.91%，离散程度最大。在主成分分析中，提取到3个主成分，累计方差贡献率达82.32%，表明能够涵盖虾酱品质的基本信息，水分、氨基酸态氮、气味是影响虾酱综合品质的关键指标。电子鼻聚类热图表明，在欧式距离4.03处可将32种虾酱聚为4类，原料是影响聚类的主要因素。对海银虾、蜢子虾和白虾3种原料的虾酱进行GC-IMS分析，共鉴定出63种挥发性成分，主要是醇类。研究结果可为虾酱产品品质评价与生产工艺改进提供参考。     

湘南红壤区牧草生产的气候模型

利用湖南省祁阳县的长期气象数据，结合不同牧草的生长特性，建立了一个反映当地牧草生长状况的气候模拟模型，并据此气候模型评价了当地气候条件对牧草生产的影响，鉴定了牧草周年生长的限制性因子。根据气候模型预测出温带牧草的最佳播种时期在１０月中旬至１１月下旬，热带牧草最好在３月下旬至４月中旬播种。牧草生长气候模型还可用于指导牧草品种筛选及牧草生产管理。     

环氧煤沥青冷缠带

回顾了环氧煤沥青涂料的应用实践，指出虽然该涂料有诸多优点，但因其固化反应受温度影响，质量不易保证等缺陷限制了使用。提出了一种新型防腐材料－－环氧煤沥青冷缠带。它以涤纶无纺布为基材，将高环氧树脂含理的环氧煤沥青涂敷在基材上，用低温氧化、潮湿型树脂固化剂作底胶。使用冷缠带所形成的覆盖层具有机械强度高、粘结力大、化学性质稳定、电绝缘性能好等特点。同时还介绍了冷缠带的技术性能、施工方法、经济指标及适用范围     

Irrigation Scheduling and Watermelon Yield Model for the Jordan Valley

A crop yield and soil water management simulation model (CRPSM) developed at Utah State University was modified, calibrated and tested using local weather data and field results from a trickle irrigation experiment with different mulching on watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ), carried out at the University of Jordan Research Station, in the Jordan Valley.
Simulated irrigation schedules were then applied with some of the four options provided by the model. The water yield index, WYI, introduced by B attikhi and H ill (1985) to select the most efficient schedule as based on yield and water use efficiency, was then determined. WYI ranged from 27 to 87. The field schedule, WM₂, had a WYI of 62. Whereas, the model provided a much better schedule, WM₇ (WYI = 86). WM₇ requires 17 irrigations of 2.0 cm per irrigation totaling a water supply of 44.1 cm with an irrigation season starting on April 7 to give a yield equivalent to the potential yield, 80.0 MT/ha. On the other hand, the best field schedule, WM₂ under transparent mulch, required 14 irrigations to provide 45.9 cm (including rainfall and soil moisture change), with a season starting on April 28 resulted in a yield of 68.8 MT/ha. So we can see that by using the same amounts of total water supply but with different schedule we can get the potential yield. The model has, therefore, provided few better schedules that can be tested in the field at lower costs before final recommendations are made.     

番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存及鲜精品质影响

旨在探究番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存和新鲜精液品质的影响,为番茄红素作为新型精液稀释液添加剂和种公畜日粮添加剂提供依据。本研究采集3头年龄3~5岁健康状况良好秦川种公牛的新鲜精液混合,用0、1、2、3、4 μmol·L^-1浓度的番茄红素稀释液冷冻保存;利用计算机辅助分析仪、低渗肿胀检测法、花生凝集素荧光标记检测法、罗丹明荧光检测法等检测精子的运动性能、顶体完整率、质膜完整性、线粒体活性和抗氧化性能;在秦川种公牛日粮中添加15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素,检测饲喂前后秦川种公牛的新鲜精液品质和血清抗氧化指标。结果表明,在秦川牛精液冷冻保存过程中添加番茄红素可以显著提高冷冻-解冻后精子的活力、顶体完整率、质膜完整性和线粒体活性以及抗氧化酶CAT和GSH-Px酶活性,显著降低精子中MDA含量,且番茄红素的最适添加浓度为2 μmol·L^-1(P<0.05);饲喂15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素后,与饲喂之前相比,秦川种公牛的精子活力显著提高(P<0.05),精子畸形率显著降低(P<0.05),血清中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,一定浓度的番茄红素对精子在冷冻过程中造成的精子损伤和秦川牛机体应激造成的繁殖性能降低具有良好的保护作用,这可能与番茄红素通过抗氧化作用减少精子在冷冻-解冻过程中的氧化损伤和提高动物机体的抗氧化能力有关。     

葡萄枝叶自然青贮中优选乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

本研究旨在对葡萄枝叶青贮饲料中天然附着优势乳酸菌进行分离培养和鉴定,为葡萄枝叶资源的饲料化利用提供可靠的乳酸菌资源。利用分子生物学鉴定法(16S rDNA序列分析)与传统的微生物鉴定法对分离出的乳酸菌进行鉴定,最终得到5株乳酸菌菌株,其中Q1菌株鉴定为肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenterica),Q2和Q5菌株鉴定为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),Q3菌株鉴定为铅黄色肠球菌(Enterococcus casseliflavus),Q4菌株鉴定为海氏肠球菌(Enterococcus hirae)。所筛选出的乳酸菌除L.mesenterica在pH为9时不能生长,其余菌株均能在pH 3～9,4℃～45℃,3%和6.5% NaCl浓度环境下生长;其中E.hirae菌株在培养至24 h后其菌液pH可达到4.11,OD值为1.42,表现出最强的生长及产酸能力。