奶牛真胃变位的诊断与治疗

真胃变位(abomasal displacement)是指真胃正常解剖学位置发生改变,引起消化功能障碍,导致营养失调的消化系统疾病。真胃变位是奶牛常见疾病,多发于高产奶牛分娩前后,一般情况下多发生左方变位,在断奶前一般发生右方变位。该病主要造成奶牛的淘汰率增加,生产能力下降,治疗费用增多,给奶牛养殖业造成严重损失。本文介绍在富宁兰养殖场实习期间遇到的奶牛真胃变位病例,并从发病原因、临床症状、诊断、治疗、预防等几个方面进行总结,以期为有效防治奶牛真胃变位提供参考。     

缓控释肥对水稻产量与品质影响的研究进展

施用缓控释肥是缓解我国水稻生产中施氮量高、氮肥利用率低的有效措施。本文总结了缓控释肥施用量和施用方式等对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响及机理。适量减氮施用缓控释肥可保证水稻产量并有效提高氮肥利用效率和改善稻米食味品质。改进施肥方式,如采用侧深施肥或配施速效氮肥有利于进一步提高水稻产量。未来应加强缓控释肥影响稻米品质形成的内在机理、缓控释肥稻田释放规律与水稻根系生长关系及缓控释肥两者混施对水稻产量和稻米品质影响等问题的研究,达到进一步增产增效。     

输气管道"气推气"投产过程混气规律研究

长输天然气管道的置换投产一直是采用现场的检测仪器加以控制,而目前普遍使用的"气推气"方式在投产过程中缺乏理论依据。根据流体动力学三大方程,结合气体间扩散方程提出了"气推气"投产混气规律的数学模型,利用差分方程进行了求解,并且编制了计算程序。以西气东输西段为目标管道进行了计算,其结果与实际相吻合,可以应用于工程分析。该模型也可以为其它长输天然气管道的投产提供理论支撑以及技术支持。     

差动制动对制动稳定性的影响

分析了差动制动的力学特性,并通过ADAMS/CAR建立整车仿真模型,对不同制动初速度下的直线制动及转弯制动进行仿真分析。结果表明,差动制动方式可以减小汽车制动时的侧向位移量;转弯制动时,内轮施加制动力可改善转向不足,外轮施加制动力可改善过度转向;内后轮与外前轮对于制动稳定性影响较大。     

基于分形理论的坡面土壤侵蚀过程的情景模拟

针对现有的坡面侵蚀预报模型在提取地形地貌特征因子中的局限性,选取坡面在次降雨条件下随时间变化的过程,可视化的模拟了坡面的原始地貌.以计算机图形学的分形布朗运动为理论,采用随机中点位移法构造坡面地形,并在此基础上以黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面水分入渗和产流产沙的模型和试验结论为依据,提出了模拟坡面侵蚀过程的三层映射法:将土壤、降雨、植被的属性映射到坡面地形的三维空间,形成土壤层、水流层、植被层,通过图形处理的空闲回调渲染水沙运移路径随降雨过程及不同植被覆盖下的变化场景.结果表明,该方法能以分形维数真实的刻画坡面的地貌形态,以图形学和可视化技术验证侵蚀模型的正确性,在降雨-径流-产沙的研究中能够将科学计算与情景模拟有机的结合.     

奶牛皱胃变位的诊治

近年来,随着我国奶牛业的迅速发展和牛奶产量的不断提高,皱胃变位作为一种生产性疾病其发病数量也随之增多。奶牛皱胃变位多发生于产后不久的高产奶牛,直接影响了奶牛的生产性能,对畜牧业生产造成的损失较大。笔者就奶牛皱胃变位的病因、诊断及治疗进行了探讨。     

Genetic evidence for a single stock of giant tiger prawns Penaeus monodon in demarcated prawn fishing zones of Tanzania

Tanzania demarcated three prawn fishing zones along its coast to spread fishing pressure and help the prawn fishery to recover. However, it is unknown whether the demarcated zones correspond to the genetic stock structure of the world's most commercially important prawn, the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Thus, this study used partial mitochondrial control region sequences (534 base pairs) to test the hypotheses that (1) giant tiger prawns in Tanzania's demarcated prawn fishing zones are a single stock and (2) the giant tiger prawns on the Tanzanian coast experienced a recent demographic expansion. The sequences showed high haplotype diversity (h = 0.998–1.0) and low nucleotide diversity (θ_π = 1.89%–2.24%). The neutrality test and mismatch analysis showed that the hypothesis of recent demographic expansion could not be rejected. The analysis of molecular variance revealed low and insignificant fixation indices between the zones (F_ST = 0.00025, p > 0.05; Φ_ST = −0.00027, p > 0.05), suggesting that the three demarcated fishing zones constitute a single stock and that fishers may be targeting the same stock. Furthermore, it was discovered that Zone 2 has the potential to replenish depleted areas; thus, it should be prioritised in future conservation planning.     

关于高层建筑现浇框架柱施工中部分质量问题产生原因和防治措施的探讨

本文从施工角度,详细分析了影响高层建筑现浇框架柱施工质量的原因。并且介绍了防治措施,对实际施工具有指导意义。     

奶牛真胃变位发病规律的研究

为了阐明奶牛真胃变位的发病规律，对263例奶牛患有真胃变位的自然病例进行了研究。结果表明：真胃变位的发生与过食精料和高产奶牛有密切关系，2－4胎次体格健壮的、产后30天内的、11月份到来年的5月份奶牛发病率高。     

Tracking fungi in soil with monoclonal antibodies

Species of the genus Trichoderma are ubiquitous soil-borne fungi that exhibit antagonism towards a number of economically important plant-pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. This review discusses recent developments in the use of monoclonal antibodies to detect these fungi in their natural soil environments and to quantify their population dynamics during antagonistic interactions with saprotrophic competitors in soil-based systems. Immunological approaches to detection and quantification are examined in relation to conventional plate enrichment techniques and to nucleic acid-based procedures. An example of recent research using a mAb-based assay to quantify the effects of saprotrophic competition on the growth of Trichoderma isolates in mixed species, soil-based, microcosms is presented. Future technological developments in immunoassays for tracking Trichoderma populations in soil are discussed and results presented showing the accurate detection and visualization of a plant growth-promoting isolate of T. hamatum in the rhizosphere of lettuce using mAb-based immunodiagnostic assays.