优质晚熟杨梅新品种‘晚荠蜜梅’

 ‘晚荠蜜梅’是从‘荸荠种’中选出的优质晚熟杨梅新品种, 成熟期比‘荸荠种’延迟5 d 以上, 鲜食加工兼用, 抗逆性强, 性状稳定, 品质优良, 平均单果质量12.5 g 以上, 可溶性固形物含量达13.7%。     

利用VIGS技术研究马铃薯抗晚疫病基因R3a和RB的信号传导

 利用VIGS技术,在烟草中沉默已知的抗病信号传导关键基因SIPK、NDR1、SGT1、HSP90、NPR1、Rar1、EDS1、WRKY1,再瞬时表达马铃薯抗病基因和其相应的无毒基因RB-Avrblb1和R3a-Avr3a,根据过敏反应（Hypersensitive Response,HR）反应是否被阻断来研究RB和R3a介导的抗病信号传导。结果发现SGT1和HSP90基因沉默阻断了HR反应的发生,表明SGT1和HSP90是参与RB和R3a抗病信号传导途径过程中的关键基因。该技术体系的建立,为以后发现新的晚疫病抗病相关基因的功能验证提供了一个高效的技术平台。     

利用农垦58衍生系研究浙江省晚粳产量和植株形态的改良

 【目的】阐明晚粳稻产量与植株形态的关系。【方法】以农垦58及其衍生系为材料,通过在同一生态条件下的种植试验,比较不同时期水稻品种的产量、叶部、茎部和穗部性状,分析近几十年浙江省晚粳品种改良过程中产量及植株形态的演变,并进行产量和植株性状的相关分析。【结果】浙江省晚粳产量增加最快的阶段是60年代,此阶段的水稻品种类型可分为穗粒兼顾型和穗数型;70年代后产量增幅较慢,品种多为穗粒兼顾型。在植株形态中,近代品种（育成年份1985～1995年）的剑叶长度、上3叶的叶基角小于早代品种（1985年以前育成）,倒3叶长度、剑叶和倒3叶的宽度大于早代品种;近代品种较矮,各节间长度均小于早代品种,但茎秆密度和单位叶鞘重于早代品种,而着粒密度高于早代品种。植株性状和产量的相关分析表明,剑叶和倒2叶的长度、上3叶的叶基角和叶片曲率、倒1和倒2节节间长度与产量存在显著负相关,结实率与产量显著正相关。【结论】水稻产量的提高和植株形态的改良有很大的关系,提高浙江省晚粳单产的可行途径是在保持高结实率的前提下适当增加每穗粒数。     

Marker-assisted Breeding for Disease Resistance in Potato

Sub-project 5 of BIOEXPLOIT aims to design durable disease resistance through marker-assisted breeding by converting existing markers for high-throughput application, developing and validating high-throughput marker technologies and pyramiding major R genes and/or quantitative trait loci into elite material. Activities include (1) the fine mapping of the quantitative trait locus PiXspg which accounts for a large proportion of the variation in late blight resistance, (2) converting SNP-based markers and an AFLP marker to easy-to-use-markers, (3) testing of progenies with combined sources of late blight resistance for presence of R genes and agronomic features, (4) backcrossing new sources of resistance to S. tuberosum and molecular screening of breeding materials with marker GP94 linked with gene Rpi-phu1 conferring late blight resistance, (5) evaluating potato clones with enhanced resistance against Phytophthora infestans under field conditions of Toluca (México), and (6) developing populations and marker-assisted breeding for disease resistance.     

Comparative Experiments of Potato Resistance to Potato Late Bright in Zhaotong City

为选择高产、优质、抗马铃薯晚疫病良种,昭阳区松杉村开展了3年6个马铃薯品种对比试验,筛选出新品种PB06,值得大面推广应用。     

Bibliography: Farmer knowledge and management of crop disease

Nearly all contemporary people subsist on cultivated plants, most of which are vulnerable to diseases. Yet, there have been few studies of what traditional people know – and do not know – about crop disease. Agricultural scientists in general are becoming aware of the potential contribution of social scientists and farmers in developing integrated management of crop diseases. The International Potato Center (CIP) has focused on stimulating farmer-scientist collaboration in developing management of late blight, a major fungal disease of potatoes and other plants. Understanding farmers' knowledge of this and other plant diseases is an important element in furthering such collaboration. Although not all agricultural scientists recognize the value of social science, this literature search shows that some agricultural scientists now actively collaborate with farmers, in ways that cross the boundary into social science research. During this search, much of the work we found was written by plant pathologists and entomologists. We found over fifty publications on farmer knowledge of crop disease, and we have annotated the material that we thought most relevant to farmer- scientist collaboration for research of crop diseases, especially late blight.     

诗词中的明末清初天津水稻品种

天津葛沽一带,种稻历史悠久。明末清初,"天津葛沽稻"已负盛名。但诸多天津地方史志及有关文献中,确无使用栽培品种介绍,故只能从当时艺文诗歌中挖掘只言片语。本文结合唐宋诗词、外地史志及有关文献等,以勾画出天津水稻品种的大致轮廓。     

《农学纂要》所记糖用高粱栽培及土法制糖技术初探

中国古籍中饴糖及蔗糖技术记载颇多,却罕有高粱茎秆制糖相关论述。本文以晚清农书《农学纂要》中高粱的相关记载为依据,分别从选地、选种、播种、施肥、收获和榨汁、熬炼、结晶等方面分别论述了糖用高粱栽培及土法制糖技术。     

新常态下渝东南民族生态旅游后发展策略——基于五要素法的战略分析

新常态下后发展地区的发展问题是我国经济发展滞后地区在当前形势下所面临的现实而迫切的重大课题。后发展地区的发展策略也是一个有别于经济发达地区的,以经济欠发达发展环境为主的经济发展策略。五要素战略分析模型强调分析事物的本体特性,有利于认清后发地区的后发劣势,适合渝东南这种旅游后发展地区。笔者运用五要素分析法,在分析资源和外部条件的基础上,从业态性质、发展阶段、决策者的个性和思维方式方面共同深入分析渝东南地区的旅游后发展策略,强调区域合作、统一约束、错位特色、制度模仿与创新和完善政策体系,以激发后发优势,促进渝东南民族生态旅游的长期持续快速发展。     

Late-maturity α-amylase: Low falling number in wheat in the absence of preharvest sprouting

Late maturity α-amylase (LMA), or prematurity α-amylase (PMAA) as it has been termed in the UK, in wheat involves the untimely synthesis of high pI α-amylase during the middle to later stages of grain development and ripening. The enzyme activity is retained in the grain at harvest ripeness, resulting in low falling number and failure to meet receival standards and customer specifications. This phenomenon, which is restricted to specific genotypes, appears to be controlled by 1 or 2 recessive genes acting alone or in combination and in most cases appears to be triggered by a temperature shock. This shock is only effective if it occurs during a window of sensitivity around 25–30 days postanthesis. Expression of LMA is reduced in the presence of dwarfing genes such as Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3 that confer insensitivity to gibberellin. Screening technologies, including molecular markers and high pI-specific ELISA, have been developed to assist wheat breeders and will be required to meet new challenges posed by novel germplasm such as primary synthetic wheats.