岳优9113作晚稻种植优质高产栽培技术

岳优9113在松溪县作双晚种植,表现出高产、优质、矮秆、抗倒、分蘖力强、生育期短、剑叶短小、适应性广、较易落粒等特点.栽培上应掌握适时稀播种育壮秧,秧龄控制在25 d以内,合理插植和肥水管理,注意病虫害的防治.     

不同药剂及剂量对二晚稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果

稻纵卷叶螟是水稻主要虫害,特别是二晚稻因其生育期较长,从秧田到收割都会受到为害,传统的农药防治方式已不能有效防治。为进一步探索不同农药防治二晚稻纵卷叶螟的防效、持效性和安全性,重点对不同剂量的速效性、持效性药剂的防效进行试验对比。结果表明,当遇到暴发性稻纵卷叶螟为害的时候,速效性配以持效性长的药剂一起施用,其防治效果会得到明显增强;在正常年份,建议选用药效持续时间长的有机或高效低毒农药。     

Use of Chaetomium globosum for biocontrol of potato late blight disease

The efficacy of Chaetomium globosum as a biocontrol agent against the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans was evaluated in potato plants. Among eight Chaetomium isolates evaluated C. globosum isolate Cg-6 showed greater inhibition to mycelial growth of P. infestans in vitro. TLC studies showed that isolate Cg-6 produced an antibiotic called ‘Chaetomin’. Isolate Cg-6 showed greater exo- and endo-glucanase enzyme activity when compared to other isolates. PCR amplification of the ITS region and sequencing of the PCR product confirmed that isolate Cg-6 belongs to the C. globosum group. C. globosum Cg-6 was formulated as a liquid and applied as a tuber, soil and foliar treatment either individually or in combination against Phytophthora infection in potato plants. Among different treatments, combined application of C. globosum as a tuber treatment @ 1 ml/kg of tubers, as a soil application @ 1 ml/kg of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and foliar spray @ 0.7% resulted in significantly less late blight infection (72%) compared to untreated control (100%) under field conditions. The application of C. globosum resulted in greater tuber yield by reducing late blight infection in two field trials when compared to untreated controls. The study clearly demonstrated the potential use of C. globosum as a biocontrol agent in the management of late blight disease in potato plants.     

清末民初农会组织的流变

为了厘清近代中国农会的发展脉络,在阅读整理大量第一手资料的基础上,运用比较研究方法,对清末、民初农会组织、功能及与官方关系等方面进行深入对比分析.研究结果表明,民初官权的加重,使农会组织发展发生了收缩与变向.农会成为政府农政机关的辅助部门和乡绅权势的新载体,与设立农会的初衷背道而驰,最终导致农会组织沦落为官绅结合、控制农村的新手段.     

马铃薯晚疫病发生因素研究

世界各地种植马铃薯的地区,都有晚疫病的发生,不同地区晚疫病发生因素不尽相同,损失程度也由多方面因素决定的。作者结合部分试验结果,论述了气候条件、种植品种、田间管理和药剂防治四方面对马铃薯晚疫病的影响。其中气候条件对马铃薯晚疫病影响最大。     

Andosol to Luvisol evolution in Central Mexico: timing, mechanisms and environmental setting

Surface and buried Andosols and buried Luvisols of the Nevado de Toluca Late Quaternary tephra-paleosol sequence (Central Mexico) were studied to show whether these soils present an evolutionary sequence and to determine the pedogenic mechanisms and environmental factors involved in the evolutionary process. Micromorphological observations and mineralogical composition of fine sand and clay fractions were used to detect type and succession of soil-forming process. Some of the buried Andosols, defined as “intergrade” Andosols, have a predominantly blocky structure, humus-depleted areas, redoximorphic features and thin clay coatings in Ah horizons. Clay fractions of buried Andosols contain halloysite besides amorphous components, whereas in modern Andosols, allophane is dominant. Luvisols have micro-areas with granular structure and abundant phytoliths in the groundmass of Bt horizons assumed to be the relict Andosol features. Luvisol clay fractions are dominated by halloysite and kaolinite. Primary minerals show micromorphological weathering features in all studied soils being stronger in Luvisols; however, even in Luvisols, sand fractions consist mostly of unstable volcanic silicates. We hypothesise that the studied profiles form an evolutionary sequence: Andosols–“intergrade” Andosols–Luvisols; the soil transformation is supposed to be linked to progressive crystallisation of 1:1 clay minerals. Comparing the Nevado de Toluca paleosol properties with the existing data on volcanic soil climo- and chronesequences and assessing the regional paleopedological and lacustrine records of Quaternary paleoclimates, we concluded that wet/dry climatic oscillations took place during the formation of the studied paleosols. Rapid crystallisation of 1:1 minerals occurred during dry phases, which speeded up the Andosol to Luvisol transformation and made it independent from the primary mineral weathering status. The Andosol to Luvisol transformation accelerated by climatic fluctuations is thought to be a common soil evolutionary pathway in the subtropical and tropical regions of recent volcanism, which suffered contrasting precipitation oscillations in the Quaternary.     

不同栽培法对晚稻氨基酸含量影响及其机理的研究

为给高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系的推广应用提供理论依据,以高蛋白的培两优288和低蛋白的培两优210为材料,采用田间裂区试验设计,研究了高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系、三壮三高栽培法、常规栽培法3种不同栽培法对高蛋白和低蛋白两个杂交晚稻组合功能叶及籽粒中谷草转氨酶(GOT)与天冬氨酸激酶(AK)活性的影响。结果表明:与三壮三高栽培法、常规栽培法相比,高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系能够有效提高晚稻蜡熟期和黄熟期功能叶及籽粒中GOT和AK的活性,且在高蛋白组合和低蛋白组合上都有较好的应用效果;功能叶中GOT和AK的活性在蜡熟期分别提高了11.41%￣27.72%和7.96%￣47.45%,功能叶中AK的活性在黄熟期提高了21.61%￣163.76%;籽粒中GOT和AK的活性在黄熟期分别提高了127.33%￣175.36%和16.36%￣89.13%。功能叶和籽粒中GOT和AK活性的提高有效促进了晚稻蛋白质和氨基酸的合成,使得(添加)糙米蛋白质含量的增幅为1.61gkg￣23.26g/kg;氨基酸含量的增幅为2.24%￣44.09%。其中人体7种必需氨基酸的含量增加9.20%￣58.05%;猪11种必需氨基酸的含量增加4.47%￣66.36%。     

氮肥运筹对抛秧栽培晚稻物质积累及产量的影响

在总施氮(纯氮)量为180kg/hm2的条件下,研究不同施氮时期对秀水79物质积累和分配及与产量形成的影响。结果表明:最高分蘖数随前期施氮比例的减小呈下降的趋势,氮肥后移有利于成穗率的提高,延长生育期。产量侧重后期施氮处理的产量较生育后期不施氮处理的产量明显提高,按基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥之比为5:3:2施氮方式产量最高,比对照增稻谷3800.0kg/hm2,增产85.15%。氮素的生产力随着基肥施用量的增加有下降趋势。在不同施氮比例下,对有效穗和结实率有显著的影响,而对穗实粒数和千粒重差异不大,因而适当氮肥后移在保证颖花数的前提下,延长剑叶生长时间,防止叶片早衰,可以提高结实率和千粒重而增加产量。     

爆裂型玉米抽雄后期叶序列特性的研究

爆裂型玉米抽雄后期叶序列特性研究结果表明，玉米叶长、宽及干物重从倒１叶开始依次递升、至果穗叶层达到峰值后，再缓慢下降。叶绿素含量各叶位虽有一定的差异，但无明显规律；分析叶绿素ａ及ｂ的比值，果穗叶层最低。就叶片内叶肉细胞环数而言，低叶位和高叶位的叶片低环数的叶肉细胞比例相对较高，而高环数的叶肉细胞比例较低，果穗叶层六环以上的叶肉细胞比例较高；单位面积上气孔数目具同样规律。