Correlation between intercepted radiation and yield of potato crops infested by Phytophthora infestans in central Africa

It became apparent from chemical late blight control data on large numbers of genotypes of the Rwandese late blight screening programme, that yields were linearly related to the amount of intercepted radiation by the crop. Measures which affected the total amount of intercepted radiation such as the use of contact and systematic fungicides, or of different genotypes, did not affect the radiation use efficiency of the canopy. Genotypes that started to tuberize at relatively low values of intercepted radiation partly escaped the effect of late blight infection of the foliage on tuber yields. This characteristic could be useful to identify early late blightresistant genotypes for central Africa, where farmers grow two crops per year and earliness is required.Samenvating De chemische bestrijding van de aardappelziekte in grote aantallen genotypen van het Rwandese veredelingsprogramma voor aardappelziekteresistentie heeft aangetoond dat opbrengsten zich lineair verhouden tot de hoeveelheid door het gewas opgevangen zonnestraling. Maatregelen die van invloed waren op de totale hoeveelheid opgevangen straling, zoals het gebruik van contact- of systemische schimmelbestrijdingsmiddelen, of van verschillende genotypen, waren niet van invloed op het rendement van het gebruik van zonnestraling door het blad. Genotypen die een knolaanleg vertoonden bij verhoudingsgewijze lage waarden van opgevangen straling, ontsnapten gedeeltelijk aan het effect van bladaantasting op knolopbrengst. Dit kenmerk zou van nut kunnen zijn om vroege genotypen te zoeken met resistentie tegen de aardappelziekte in centraal Afrika, waar vroegheid van belang is omdat boeren twee gewassen per jaar telen.     

新疆干旱区晚更新世以来的温湿对应关系的探讨

本文基于将今论古的历史比较法,根据多方面资料分析,论证了新疆在独特的地理环境下,冷湿和暖干的对应是晚更新世以来气候变迁的一般规律。文中探讨了大气环流的影响,认为季风气候是形成我国东部地区暖湿和冷干相结合的主要因素。典型的大陆性气候使新疆的温湿组合状况与东部地区相反。东西两种状况的交界带应是季风气候影响范围的界限。     

Effects of cropping history and origin of seed potatoes on population structure of Phytophthora infestans

The effects of origin of seed potatoes and the cropping history on the phenotypic structure of Phytophthora infestans populations was studied in northern Hessia, central Germany, from 2000 to 2002. Populations originating from fields with a history of potato cropping with only short or no rotation (old fields) were compared with populations from new fields, i.e., where no potatoes had been grown for at least 30 years and seed potatoes were either imported from breeders or produced on-farm (certified). The main goal was to determine the importance of seed potato infection in the establishment of new P. infestans populations. Isolates were characterized for mating type, virulences and rep- (repetitive extragenic palindromic) PCR fingerprints. Among a total of 639 isolates sampled from 31 sites, mating types A1 and A2 co-existed in all three years in 60–92% of the sites. Over all three years, 53 pathotypes were detected in a subsample of 272 isolates. Isolates originating from the new fields had significantly higher frequencies of the virulences v1, v2, v3, v6 and v7, indicating general effects of seed introduction into a new region. Thirty-six fingerprints were detected in a subsample of 281 isolates of which 22 were unique while four occurred in all three years and in many sites. Pathogen populations from potato fields that were grown from seed tubers of geographically different origin differed significantly based on χ ² tests. While the Nei genetic distances were less than .1 among the local populations, distances to the US lineages US-1, US-6, US-7 and US-8 ranged from .22 to .47; however, the bootstrap values were not significant. Populations from old fields were more diverse and 14 of the 22 rep-PCR types occurred there among 132 isolates tested in comparison to six in the new fields (n = 140 isolates) and two among six isolates from volunteers. The results also suggest that both sexual and asexual reproduction play a role.     

宁波市连作晚稻机插技术研究

为了研究多项技术改进措施对宁波市机插晚稻增产的整合效应并分析增产原因,对现行机插技术与原机插技术进行了研究对比。现行技术使绿叶数和发根力等秧苗素质及经济性状得到了显著提升,产量达501.79kg/667m2,比原技术高17.48%。     

马铃薯群体B品系对晚疫病水平抗性遗传稳定性试验

 1997～1999年,在昆明地区对马铃薯中心提供的马铃薯群体B育种材料进行了晚疫病水平抗性遗传稳定性的田间检验。实验采用完全随机区组（RCBD）的方法,在当地晚疫病菌生理小种存在的条件下,经过3年的田间小区试验筛选,获得了Pn-01、Pn-06等表现水平抗性遗传稳定性与优良农艺性状相结合的品系,为进—步进行试验示范和大面积推广打下了基础。     

清末呼兰地区移民与农业开发

呼兰是清政府在东北最早开禁的地区。1860～1903年，清朝先后开放了蒙古尔山、通肯等地区，关内移民开始大量涌入呼兰地区．土地开发规模迅速扩大，粮食产量大幅度提高，农产品加工业崛起，农产商品率迅速提高，促进了农业的近代化。     

适宜马铃薯晚疫病菌生长的豆类培养基筛选

结合晚疫病菌生理小种的鉴定工作，对用于该菌生长的豆类培养基进行了比较，人中选出日本菜豆制作的培养基，在对晚疫病菌菌株的分离、培养、保存等方面均取得了满意的效果，对开展晚疫病菌的研究工作十分有利。     

Mangrove Habitat Formation and Response to Holocene Sea-level Changes on Kosrae Island,Micronesia

Mangrove habitats on Kosrae are divided into three types, i.e., an estuary or delta type, a backmarsh or lagoon type and a coral reef or tidal-flat type. Most of the mangrove forests of Kosrae have been developed during the last 2000 years by accumulating mangrove peat with the gradual sea-level rise of 1 to 2 mm/yr except the landward part of the estuary or delta type. On the other hand, during the period of rapid sea-level rise of about 10 mm/yr between 4100 and 3700 yr B.P., the mangrove forests ceased peat accumulation and retreated landward. Until 3500 yr B.P., mangrove forests were distributed only in narrow bands in the inlets. Therefore, the critical rate of mangrove peat accretion with sea-level rise is estimated at more than 2 mm/yr and less than 10 mm/yr. If the anticipated sea-level rise exceeds this critical rate, all of the mangrove forests of Kosrae will retreat landward and reduce rapidly.     

马铃薯新品种天薯12 号的选育

天薯12号是以品系天97-8-98为母本,庄薯3号为父本杂交选育而成的马铃薯新品种。从出苗至块茎成熟126 d（ 天）
左右,属晚熟品种。薯块椭圆形,黄皮黄肉,芽眼浅而紫。单株结薯4.1 个,平均单薯质量105 g,大中薯率87.4%。每667 m²
产量在1 500 kg 以上,适于甘肃天水、临夏、定西、平凉、陇南等地种植。     

Ion chromatography analysis of phosphite uptake and translocation by potato plants: Dose-dependent uptake and inhibition of Phytophthora infestans development

Phosphite-based fungicides are increasingly used to control fungi-like plant pathogens from the Oomycetes group. A rapid, precise, and cost-effective suppressed conductivity high performance ion chromatography (HPIC) method was developed to assess the concentrations of soluble phosphites (Phi) and phosphates (Pi) in plant samples. This technique was used to determine the amount of Phi and Pi in leaves and tubers of potato plants following foliar applications of the Phi-based fungicide Confine™. High amounts of Phi were determined in both leaves and tubers indicating that potato plants efficiently uptake and translocate the fungicide. The number of applications of Confine™ and its concentration were found to be directly proportional with the amount of Phi detected in potato plants and inversely proportional with the development of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in these plants. Levels of Phi comparable to those determined in plants were found to strongly inhibit the growth of P. infestans in vitro. The simultaneous estimation of the in planta Phi concentration and of the sensitivity of P. infestans to Phi represent the most comprehensive approach of assessing the efficacy of Phi-based fungicides in controlling late blight development in potatoes.