帽儿山溪流昆虫纲双翅目大蚊科稚虫分属分类检索

2011年7月和9月,在东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场溪流利用索伯网和D型网对水生昆虫进行调查和取样,根据外部形态特征对其中的双翅目大蚊科的幼虫进行了物种鉴定,共鉴定出11个属,编写了该区域大蚊科稚虫分属检索表,并对重要检索特征进行了图示。     

Assessment of the performance of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae fed with fresh and preserved Pavlova lutheri concentrates

The Prymnesiophycea Pavlova lutheriwas produced using a traditional technique (batch mode in carboys) and by an innovative technique (semi-continuous mode in alveolarphotobioreactor). Two experimental feedingtrials were carried out with Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae with freshand preserved (4 °C and 1 °C)P. lutheri concentrates used inmonospecific and bispecific diets, incombination with fresh Chaetoceroscalcitrans forma pumilum. Nodifferences in terms of gross composition andlarval performance were noticed between thefresh algae biomass produced by the twotechniques. The low temperatures allowedpreservation of the nutritionalcharacteristics of the P. lutheri freshculture for the time period considered (27days). The P. lutheri concentratespreserved at 4 °C or 1 °C didnot differ substantially in terms ofnutritional value. Larvae fed a monospecificdiet of P. lutheri, both fresh andpreserved, exhibited a modest growth rate (<2.1 µm day^–1), in some cases notsignificantly different from that observed inthe unfed larvae (the control), and a lowsurvival rate. In contrast, when Chaetoceros calcitrans forma pumilumwas used as a monospecific diet, good growthperformance (>4.5 µm day^–1) and ahigh survival rate (>86%) were observed inlarvae. A substitution of 50% (trial 1) or80% (trial 2) of fresh C. calcitransforma pumilum with the preserved P. lutheri concentrates did not adverselyaffect growth rate or survival of C.gigas larvae.     

云南省松叶蜂科幼虫分类研究——吉松叶蜂属（膜翅目 广腰亚目）

描述吉松叶蜂属幼虫２种，含景熹吉松叶蜂幼虫的４个色型，编制了幼虫分种检索表。记载了种的寄主和地理分布。     

老鸦皮氯仿提取物对菜青虫的拒食作用

测定了老鸦皮氯仿提取物对3龄菜青虫的拒食活性,其中包括选择拒食和完全拒食。结果表明老鸦皮氯仿提取物对3龄菜青虫有较强的拒食活性,24 h,48 h,72 h选择性拒食作用的拒食中浓度(AFC50)为54.13 mg/L,170.97 mg/L和143.51 mg/L,完全拒食作用的拒食中浓度(AFC50)为784.07 mg/L,382.75 mg/L和259.76mg/L。且对拒食后试虫生长发育有严重的影响。药效试验结果显示选择拒食作用和完全拒食作用的药剂在2 000mg/L时拒食率很高,几乎达到100%,125 mg/L时选择拒食作用的拒食率比较高,达到50%以上,而完全拒食作用的拒食率不到10%。     

中国北方杨干透翅蛾(Sesia siningensis(Hsu))幼虫的生长(鳞翅目:透翅蛾科)

采用系统采样和野外饲养的方法，同杨干透翅蛾幼虫有８个龄期，用零点标记法研究了幼虫的生长进度；同时通过野外取样调查，观察了不同年群幼虫间的演替过程。     

Excess dietary cholesterol may have an adverse effect on growth performance of early post-larval Litopenaeus vannamei

One experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of cholesterol for post-larval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with four levels of cholesterol (D1, D2, D3 and D4 with 0, 0.5%, 1% and 2% cholesterol, respectively) were fed to triplicate groups of L. vannamei shrimp (mean initial wet weight 0.8 mg) for 27 days. After the trial, shrimp fed the D1 diet had the best growth performance (final body weights: FBW; weight gain: WG; specific growth rate: SGR), while there was no significant difference between diet treatments with respect to survival. The whole body crude protein level in the shrimp decreased with the increase in dietary cholesterol levels, while the whole body crude lipid level in shrimps in the D4 diet treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in other diet treatments. Dietary analysis indicated that the D1 diet contained 0.92% cholesterol prior to supplementation, which may have satisfied the dietary cholesterol requirement of post-larval L. vannamei; excess dietary cholesterol may thus lead to adverse effects on the growth performance of post-larval shrimp.     

Analysis of sinking death using video images of the swimming performance of Pacific Bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) larvae

In this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of sinking death during the larval stage of Pacific Bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis by investigating the effects of swimming performance on sinking death, using a behavioral approach. Swimming performance was examined 3–9 days after hatching (DAH) under day and night light conditions in cuboid experimental tanks. Swimming behavior variables such as swimming speed and swimming angle were measured under both light conditions. Larvae in the daytime experiment and larvae with inflated swim bladders at night were distributed on the surface layer of the water column. In contrast, larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night were frequently observed swimming vertically or sinking to the bottom of the tank. Larvae with inflated swim bladders at night were always distributed beneath the surface until the next morning (survival rates were 100 %). However, larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night swam upward repeatedly and later sank to the bottom of the tank (survival rates were 60 % and 38 % at 5 and 9 DAH, respectively). Larvae with uninflated swim bladders were not always able to maintain their swimming depth by swimming until the next morning. Additionally, their swimming speed and vertical swimming frequency (ratio) depended on the illumination and swim bladder conditions. Our findings show that larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night were associated with a higher risk of sinking death. The swimming energy capacity of Pacific Bluefin tuna larvae, which indicates the total amount of the energy that enables individuals to swim throughout the night without feeding, was found to be linked to sinking death.     

枣步曲幼虫排粪量的研究及应用

本文采用野外罩枝放养幼虫以及观察林间样树上幼虫一昼夜自然落粪数等方法对危害枣树的枣步曲幼虫的排粪量的特性进行了研究 ,并应用排粪量来推算枣树上的虫口密度。结果表明 :枣步曲幼虫的排粪量与日平均气温及昼夜温度的变化密切相关 ,但各龄幼虫间变化不大 ;枣步曲幼虫的排粪量随着龄期的增长而呈几何级数增加 ;枣步曲幼虫在枣树上的分布比较均匀 ,各方位间无显著差 ;建立了以日平均气温和排粪量为自变量来推算出虫口密度的动态模型n =mF =m1 6849+0 81 42T     

对虾暴发性流行病病原对中国对虾幼体及仔虾的人工感染研究

用对虾暴发性流行病病原（ＨＨＮＢＶ）作为人工感染实验的毒种来源,对中国对虾幼体及仔虾进行了人工感染研究,结果表明ＨＨＮＢＶ通过水体浸浴不能感染健康的中国对虾卵,幼体及仔虾;但可通过投喂感染健康的中国对虾仔虾,使其发病死亡,死亡的进程随着体长的增加而缩短。     

棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育的跟踪观察

本研究阐述了棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代(简称珍珠龙胆石斑鱼)的胚胎发育和仔稚幼鱼形态发育的特征及其养殖过程中的一些难点、要点,以期为今后苗种的规模化培育生产提供参考依据。通过对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼各个发育期连续取样,系统观察并记录各发育期的形态变化及生长特征。结果表明,1)在水温27-28℃条件下,历时25 h 25 min孵化出膜,整个发育过程划分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期。2)在水温(27.0±0.5)℃、盐度30、p H 8的培育条件下,根据卵黄囊、第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与伸缩及鳞片、体色的变化将胚后发育分为仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼3个时期。仔鱼期根据卵黄囊的有无分为前期仔鱼和后期仔鱼。初孵至孵化后4 d为前期仔鱼;孵化后5 d,仔鱼卵黄囊完全消失,成为后期仔鱼;孵化后32 d,50%的仔鱼进入稚鱼期;孵化后46 d,50%的稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。初孵仔鱼的全长平均为(1.65±0.11)mm,发育至70 d时,幼鱼平均全长已达(75.47±0.19)mm。跟踪观察的结果发现,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼作为杂交子代,从受精到发育的各阶段均能健康正常地生长发育,且生长快速、抗病力强,具有"虎斑头、龙胆尾"的外型,具有明显的杂交优势。