3种转非抗虫基因棉花田间节肢动物群落的多样性和食物网结构

以转基因耐盐碱棉花、转基因抗病棉花和转基因抗旱棉花3种转非抗虫基因棉花为材料,研究不同表达性状的转基因棉花种植对棉田节肢动物群落结构、多样性及食物网结构的影响。结果表明,3种转基因棉花在节肢动物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度和优势集中性指数上与其对照受体棉花无显著差异(P0.05)。转基因棉花与其对应受体间的群落相似性指数均较高(73.18%~77.65%),食物网结构参数上也无显著性差异(P0.05)。表明3种转非抗虫基因棉花对棉田节肢动物多样性及食物网结构无显著影响。     

播种密度对扬农啤5号叶面积指数的影响

[目的]研究不同播种期、播种密度对扬农啤5号叶面积指数的影响。[方法]采用分期播种和数理统计等方法。[结果]从播种到拔节期,播种密度越大,叶面积指数越大。从齐穗期开始,密度在120万~300万株/hm2,叶面积指数随着密度的增加呈直线上升;密度在300万~360万株/hm2,叶面积指数随着密度的增加呈直线下降。[结论]倒3叶对产量和品质影响很大,所以齐穗期叶面积指数大,对提高产量和品质是有利的。据此可见,扬农啤5号播种密度在300万株/hm2左右是比较理想的。     

重金属污染对土壤微生物种群数量及活性的影响

通过综述重金属污染对土壤微生物种群数量及其生物活性方面的影响,指出土壤重金属污染会破坏微生物种群,降低微生物活性,抑制微生物生长,进而影响土壤质量。在此基础上,讨论了微生物活动又是评价土壤环境质量的敏感性指标。     

老年公寓外环境康复支持性评价指标体系构建研究

老年公寓是现在备受关注的课题,本研究系统梳理了老年公寓外环境康复支持性的概念、特征、功能,提出了包括道路场地适应性、设施通用性、空间多样化、环境优美度等4方面评价目标及15个评价因子,并运用层次分析法建立起老年公寓外环境康复支持性评价指标体系,以期对老年公寓外环境的评价理论和实践研究有一定的借鉴价值。     

工业区河涌污染与生态危害评价——以佛山三水大塱涡涌为例

在对工业区大塱涡涌水质及底泥重金属进行调查与分析的基础上,评价了底泥重金属潜在生态危害。结果表明,大塱涡涌水体COD、氨氮、总磷、DO与重金属Cr均超过地表水Ⅴ类水体标准,属于劣Ⅴ类水体;底泥重金属Cu、Zn与Cd平均含量超出土壤环境质量三级标准,且重金属Cu、Zn、Pb平均含量超过农用污泥污染物控制标准,该河段疏浚底泥不宜作为肥料直接施用于农田;大塱涡涌表层底泥重金属的潜在生态危害程度总体为强,几种重金属潜在生态危害平均程度从大到小为：Cd〉Cu〉Pb〉Zn〉Cr。     

The effect of fire spatial scale on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bison</Emphasis> grazing intensity

To determine whether fire spatial and temporal scales affect foraging behavior and grazing intensity by Bison (Bison bison), we burned three different patch sizes (225, 900, and 3600 m²) across an otherwise homogeneous grassland landscape. We then monitored grazing intensity for the succeeding 14 months. During the first 5 months after the burn (August–January), the Bison grazing intensity pattern was affected by whether a plot was burned and only marginally affected by plot size. During the next 5 months (January–June), grazing intensity was unaffected by plot size, but was greatest in the unburned 225 and 3600-m² plots. The final 4 months (June–October), grazing intensity was unaffected by treatments other than being higher in the unburned 3600-m² plots. By the final sampling date, biomass was significantly greater in the burned plots and grazing intensity appeared to be responding to the amount of biomass present and the total amount of N present. The pattern displayed within the first 5 months after the burn is congruent with the expectations of optimal foraging theory with overmatching in the smallest plot size of 225 m² (BioScience 37 (1987) 789–799). The next two sampling periods displayed a matching aggregate response relative to biomass availability (Oecologia 100 (1999) 107–117) and total nitrogen mass (g m⁻²). The temporal shift that we found in Bison response to burn patch size is, to our knowledge, the first such examination of both spatial and temporal responses by Bison to landscape heterogeneity. We now have quantitative evidence of how native herbivores can alter their foraging responses to changes in landscape structure over time.     

水稻抗稻瘟病突变体筛选初报

以稻瘟病病原菌粗毒毒提取液为选择压,对水稻进行抗病的筛选。结果表明：粗毒素提取液对水稻愈伤组织诱导、继代及分化有明显的抑制作用,抑制程度随毒素浓度提高而增强,且品种间差异显。采用诱导与分化培养基均含毒素的处理方法筛选效果较好,毒素筛选的愈伤组织与对照相比,ＰＡＬ酶活,ＰＯＤ酶活显增强;ＰＯＤ同工酶酶谱中有新增谱带出现。     

中华红叶杨及其应用

简要介绍了彩叶植物中华红叶杨的生物学特性、繁殖技术及在园林中的应用,以期为中华红叶杨的生产与推广提供技术参考。     

水族馆内淡水鱼饲养池水质指标分析

2009年1～6月间,测定分析了水族馆内淡水鱼饲养池的水质指标。分析结果表明：溶解氧和细菌总数存在显著的负相关关系（r=-0.360,P〈0.01,n=50）,霉菌和酵母菌数量与溶解氧也存在显著的负相关关系（r=-0.550,P〈0.01,n=50）,细菌总数与霉菌和酵母菌之间存在显著的正相关关系（r=0.568,P〈0.01,n=50）;选择浊度和细菌总数作为水族馆内鱼类饲养池水质评价的新指标。本文对主要水质指标的标准差进行了分析,标准差的大小反映了淡水鱼类饲养池的综合调控措施对各水质指标控制能力的强弱。利用单个或少数几个水质指标进行水质环境评价不能充分反映实际情况,应综合看待各指标包括其间的相关性和标准差等方面,对淡水养殖环境做出较为客观的、全面的和准确的分析。