园林树木遮荫功效研究进展

摘要：卫星遥感是现阶段测绘领域应用较为成熟的技术,然而在农林业病虫害监测预警方面使用较为迟缓,特别是针对省级管理机构缺乏监管技术和预警能力,本研究探索了利用卫星遥感技术开展异常变色林木监测的应用实践,以服务于区域松材线虫病防控的技术指导和督查。经过3年的应用表明,高空间分辨率卫星遥感技术具有客观、科学和实时的优势,能够为上级管理机构提供决策依据。     

高分辨率影像服务在国土资源管理中的应用

分析了国土资源管理对高分辨率影像的迫切需求,探讨了高分辨率影像处理和分析及应用环节从数据到服务的发展趋势,设计并实现了高分辨率影像服务,并以泰州市国土资源管理为例,验证了影像服务的可行性,最后,展望了高分辨率遥感影像服务的应用前景。     

Clear-cut Detection in Boreal Forest Aided by Remote Sensing

The study compares the applicability of different remote sensing data and digital change detection methods in detecting clear-cut areas in boreal forest. The methods selected for comparisons are simple and straightforward and thus applicable in practical forestry. The data tested were from Landsat satellite imagery and high-altitude panchromatic aerial orthophotographs. The change detection was based on image differencing. Three different approaches were tested: (1) pixel-by-pixel differencing and segmentation; (2) pixel block-level differencing and thresholding; and (3) presegmentation and unsupervised classification. The study shows that the methods and data sources used are accurate enough for operational detection of clear-cut areas. The study suggests that predelineated segments or pixel blocks should be used for image differencing to decrease the number of misinterpreted small areas. For the same reason the use of a digital forest mask is crucial in operational applications.     

How pollution legacies and land use histories shape post-communist forest cover trends in the Western Carpathians

Forests that encompass the border triangle of Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia currently suffer from centuries of inadequate forest management strategies, including overexploitation during the countries’ respective communist regimes and high stress levels due to airborne emissions from heavy industry. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, each country has approached forest monitoring, protection and the improvement of forest conditions in its own way. Spaceborne remote sensing of forest changes across country borders offers great potential for better understanding the underlying drivers of change and for developing comparable indicators between countries.     

中日两国地区旅游形象设计比较研究及其对我国的启示

指出了地区旅游形象设计不仅仅有助于宣传当地旅游形象,而且有助于扩大本地的知名度,增进人们对本地的好感。为此,很多国家和地区都非常重视旅游形象的设计。从中国和日本的情况来看,由于传统文化思想、审美能力、设计人员的阅历和艺术创造观等诸多方面的差异,使得两国在旅游形象主题词、形象Logo和宣传口号的设计方面出现了不同的特色。针对两国已经公布的地区旅游形象设计进行了深入地剖析与阐述。通过比较研究,有助于两方取长补短,提高旅游形象设计水平,从而更好地开展宣传和扩大相关地区的知名度。     

基于像元分类与基于对象分类的森林景观分析比较研究

采用基于对象的分类方法与基于像元的分类方法对黑石顶自然保护区QuickBird遥感图像进行了分类,结合多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、聚集度指数和破碎度指数对比分析了黑石顶自然保护区不同分类方法的景观格局。结果表明,基于对象的多尺度、多层次景观分析方法较传统的基于像元的景观分析方法更能体现实际的景观状况,并能够获得更准确的景观分析结果。     

Assessing changes in forest fragmentation following infestation using time series Landsat imagery

The current epidemic of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in British Columbia, Canada, has impacted an area of over 13 million hectares presenting a considerable challenge to provincial forest resource managers. Remote sensing technologies offer a highly effective tool to monitor this impact due to very large areas involved and its ability to detect dead and dying tree crowns. Conventionally, change detection procedures based upon spectral values have been applied; however, analysis of landscape pattern changes associated with long-time series change detection approaches present opportunities for the generation of unique and ecologically important information. This study is focussed on the detection and monitoring of the shape and area characteristics of lodgepole pine stands during mountain pine beetle infestation to quantify the progression of forest fragmentation and related loss of landscape connectivity. A set of landscape pattern indices were applied to a set of images consisting of six Landsat satellite images spanning the period from 1993 to 2006. Our results indicate that the impacts of the mountain pine beetle infestation on forest spatial pattern consist of an increase in the number of patches, an increase in forest patch shape complexity, a reduction in forest patch size, an increase in forest patch isolation, and a decrease in interspersion. These findings demonstrate the unique information available from long-time series satellite imagery combined with pattern analysis to better understand the combined effects of insect infestation and forest salvage and harvesting.     

中高分辨率遥感影像在营造林成效监测应用中的探讨

随着林业"双增"目标的提出,营造林成效监测成为全国营造林综合核查工作的关注重点。以黑龙江省木兰县、内蒙古鄂托克旗和杭锦旗为研究范围,应用中、高两级分辨率遥感影像对人工造林(更新)、封山育林和飞播造林成效分别进行了监测。总结遥感技术在营造林成效监测中应用的可行性,以期为今后营造林综合核查工作有效服务林业"双增"目标考核提供技术支持。     

湖北省林地变更及驱动力分析

本研究基于多元遥感卫星影像数据、湖北省2010年林地落界数据和其他相关数据,以地理信息系统为处理平台,解译出湖北省2012年林地分布图,得到2010-2012年湖北省各市州区的林地间动态转移矩阵,并结合全省各市州区的8个主要社会经济因子,对湖北省2010-2012年林地变更情况及其驱动机制进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)农村人口(X_8)是导致有林地变更(Y_1)和其他林地变更(Y_4)的主要社会驱动力,第一产业总值(X_3)是导致疏林地变更(Y_2)的主要社会驱动力,第三产业总值(X_5)是导致灌木林地变更(Y_3)的主要社会驱动力。(2)在对有林地变更进行主成分分析中,命名城市发展因子F_1(受国内生产总值X_2、第一产业总值X_3、第二产业总值X_4、第三产业总值X_5、基础建设投资X_6主要影响)及农村发展因子F_2(受年末总人口X_1、农村人均年收入X_7、农村人口X_8主要影响),得到有林地变更模型为Y_1=-0.644 F_1+0.742 F_2。从该模型可知有林地变更面积与城市发展成反比,与农村发展成正比。     

原木内部腐朽应力波二维图像的获取与分析

应用Arbotom应力波检测系统,对东北林区3个针叶树种(云杉、冷杉、落叶松)和9个阔叶树种(白桦、色木、椴木、杨木、水曲柳、核桃楸、榆木、铁木和柞木)的原木内部腐朽进行检测,并对原木内部腐朽面积的实际估算值和检测估算值进行比较分析.结果表明:Arbotom应力波无损检测系统可以获取原木内部腐朽的二维图像,但检测准确率较低,建议采用多点测量和改进应力波测试仪器,以提高检测准确率.