Genetic diversity of Swiss maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L. ssp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">mays</Emphasis>) assessed with individuals and bulks on agarose gels

About 65 years ago, more than 150 Swiss maize landraces (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) of the flint type were collected and conserved ex situ. Due to the climatically and culturally diverse environment of the Alps, a considerable genetic diversity of this material was assumed. To prove this, an efficient method was required to carry out genetic profiling of all the accessions in the Swiss Gene Bank. Simple sequence repeat marker (SSR) profiling in combination with the visualization of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products on agarose gels was chosen. Here a set of 19 different landrace accessions was analyzed to: (i) investigate their genetic diversity, (ii) investigate and display the population structure and (iii) determine whether DNA bulks rather than single plants can be used for such analyses. Four repeated samples of one accession were found to be much closer to one another than to the rest of accessions. Furthermore, specific alleles were identified for several accessions. The PCR products of the bulked DNA samples represented only a small part of the variation revealed by the analysis of individuals. Loci with four base repeat motifs performed better in the analysis of bulks than loci with other repeat motifs. The correlation between genetic distance matrices, based on the analysis of individuals and bulks, respectively, was significant. Thus, the single plant approach allowed for sufficient differentiation of accessions, and DNA bulks visualized on agarose gels led to correlated genetic distances although a limited number of alleles were detected. Although the limited resolution of agarose gels likely causes some bias, profiling of larger sets with the individual plant approach appears feasible and more informative compared to the bulk analysis we conducted.     

河北水稻地方种质品质多样性分析

为了揭示河北水稻地方种质资源品质性状遗传多样性,采用多样性指数、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对收集的109份河北水稻地方种质15个品质性状进行了遗传多样性评价。结果表明：河北水稻地方种质存在丰富的遗传多样性。15个品质性状平均变异系数为23.03%,平均多样性指数为1.92。垩白粒率、垩白度、粒长、蛋白质含量、米饭硬度5个性状多样性指数大于2,表明这些河北水稻地方种质在这些性状上遗传变异丰富。根据主成分分析,15个品质性状可归纳成为4个主成分因子,其累积贡献率包含了15个变量83.04％的信息。米饭食味、直链淀粉含量、精米率、垩白度是影响河北水稻地方种质品质的主要因素。采用4个主成分因子欧式距离聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离D=16.5处,可以将109份地方种质分为4类,但不同来源的河北地方水稻种质交错分布聚类。本研究为河北地方水稻种质的利用提供了科学依据。     

广西玉米农家品种资源品质分析与评价

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新疆冬小麦品种资源籽粒品质性状分析

为了解新疆冬小麦品种资源的籽粒品质状况,以2017年、2018年2 a收获的133个新疆冬小麦地方品种和50个育成品种为试验材料,对其品质进行全面分析.结果表明,不同年度、不同类型的新疆冬小麦品种的籽粒品质有差异.183个新疆冬小麦品种的籽粒硬度平均为65.27％;蛋白质含量较高,平均为15.85％;湿面筋含量平均为3...