Introduction

The realization of strategies for sustainable land use assumes specificresearch concepts from the local to the global scale (micro-, meso- andmacroscale). Therefore, landscape ecological science has to provideinvestigation methods for all these different scales. By combiningtop-down and bottom-up approaches in addition tocoupled GIS-model applications and traditional methods, the investigation oflandscape ecological structures and processes seems to be possible. Thepresented studies show this approach on examples of two study areas in EasternGermany: A watershed of 400 km² and an administrativedistrict of about 4000 km². The scale-specificapplicability of several models and methods were tested for theseinvestigations, and the validation of the calculated results are presented. Animportant outcome of the project should be the prevention of conflicts betweenagriculture, water management and soil, and water and nature conservation;based onrecommendations for land use variants with decreased pollutant loading withinagricultural areas. The scale specific investigations can be considered as abase for establishing sustainable land use.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

盆周山地土地整理生态安全评价研究——以四川省雅安市上里镇为例

遵循压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架模型和指标选取一般原则,采用层次分析法拟定盆周山地土地整理生态安全评价指标体系,运用Delphi法筛选指标,最终建立盆周山地土地整理生态安全评价指标体系;运用主成分分析和ArcGIS地统计插值相结合的方法对研究区土地整理前后的生态安全进行评价。以四川省雅安市雨城区上里镇土地整理项目为例,进行土地整理前后生态安全评价,评价结果表明:研究区生态安全等级提高,土地整理前项目区92.62%生态安全等级为Ⅱ级,7.38%为Ⅲ级,土地整理后生态安全等级全处于Ⅱ级;研究区生态安全等级提高幅度不大,土地整理前最低分值非常接近Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级的阀值,土地整理后分值靠近Ⅱ级的下限;评价结果与实际相符。该评价指标体系和方法对四川盆地盆周山地土地整理生态安全评价具有一定的指导意义。     

土地利用对亚热带红壤区典型景观单元土壤溶解有机碳含量的影响

 【目的】在亚热带典型景观尺度上系统分析土地利用方式对土壤溶解有机碳（DOC）含量的影响。【方法】分别以广西肯福和湖南盘塘作为亚热带红壤低山与红壤丘陵典型景观单元,对两个景观单元进行密集采样（0～20 cm）分析。【结果】红壤低山和红壤丘陵景观单元土壤DOC的平均含量分别为（159.2±75.8） mg•kg-1和（90.035.4） mg•kg-1,其中低含量样本均以稻田土壤为主,其平均值分别为（46.7±14.9） mg•kg-1和（68.023.1）mg•kg-1。高含量样本以旱地、果园和林地土壤为主,红壤低山景观单元旱地、果园和林地土壤DOC含量分别比稻田土壤高271%、278%和315%,红壤丘陵景观单元比稻田土壤高37%、69%和77%。土壤溶解有机碳与土壤总有机碳的比值（DOC/TOC）显示,两个景观单元稻田土壤DOC/TOC值（0.24%和0.44%）亦明显低于其它利用方式土壤（0.90%～1.50%）。【结论】土地利用方式影响土壤DOC含量,同一景观单元长期处于淹水条件下的稻田土壤DOC含量明显低于旱作土壤（如旱地和果园）,林地开垦为旱地或果园后土壤DOC含量降低。同时土壤DOC含量存在区域差异,位于亚热带南部的红壤低山景观单元土壤DOC的含量明显高于北部的红壤丘陵景观单元。     

持续风沙流胁迫对黑果枸杞叶片生理特性的影响

以民勤和永靖种源3龄黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)盆栽实生苗为试验材料,采用风洞模拟试验,在9 m·s^-1风速下每天1 h,持续4 d进行风沙流胁迫,记录胁迫过程中叶片形态变化,测定第4 d和第11 d叶片生理指标,以期探究民勤、永靖黑果枸杞对持续风沙流胁迫的生理响应机制。结果表明：持续风沙流胁迫后黑果枸杞叶片受损,出现褐色斑块,萎蔫,第11 d膜透性增大;与对照相比,胁迫后民勤叶片过氧化氢酶(Catalase, CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性及脯氨酸(Proline, Pro)含量增加,丙二醛(Malonaldehyde, MDA)含量在第11 d显著下降;永靖叶片CAT、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)活性,MDA含量增加,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)在第4 d显著下降。二者其余荧光参数变化不一。研究结果可为风沙地区黑果枸杞种植选育提供一定的理论依据。     

农村宅基地入市问题与路径研究

在耕地保护日益严峻、城镇建设用地远远不能满足需求时,农村宅基地入市流转越发显得重要而紧迫。采用问卷调查和归纳分析方法,以国家集体建设用地流转试点长垣县为例,分析了农村宅基地流转情况、总结宅基地管理中存在问题,探索了经济新常态下适合粮食生产核心区经济发展的宅基地入市的途径和方法。提出了规划引导、立法支撑、科学管控、规划监管是农村宅基地入市有效选择。     

关于上一轮县级土地利用总体规划中土地利用变化及生态环境效应的思考 ——以重庆市丰都县为例

基于重庆市丰都县1996年、2004年土地利用现状与2010年土地利用总体规划数据，运用特尔斐法、层次分析法、定量分析法，对丰都县1996—2004和1996—2010土地利用变化及生态环境效应进行对比定量分析研究。结果表明：（1）土地利用格局均发生了明显变化，耕地、未利用土地减少，园地、林地、水域、交通用地增加；（2）土地利用变化引起的生态环境质量变化均呈改善趋势，其主要原因是退耕还园、还林，以及未利用土地的开发利用；（3）规划与实施土地利用变化及生态环境效应差异太大；（4）土地利用总体规划与实际土地利用变化一致性很差，缺乏科学性和严肃性；（5）对规划土地利用变化引起的生态环境改善重视不够。最后提出新一轮土地利用总体规划修编的建议。     

合肥市制造业用地集约利用评价研究

选取土地投入强度等4个评价因素,以及地均附载固定资产额等12个的评价因子,从经济、社会、生态等层面讨论分析合肥市制造业用地集约利用情况,为合肥市相关政策的制定提出了相应的建议。     

Gully and sheet erosion on subtropical mountain slopes: Their respective roles and the scale effect

As most mountains in tropical and subtropical zones, the Western Sierra Madre suffers active present erosion, which may create some constraints to the social and economic development in the area.The objectives of this study of soil degradation in the Western Sierra Madre, are to determine the respective roles of gully and sheet erosion. This research is based on field observations, field measurements of runoff and, soil losses at the plot, as well as the watershed scales as an analysis of an exhaustive census of the few gullies located in an experimental area.Measured soil losses in the Western Sierra Madre are high although there are few gullies. Most of the sediment yield seems to originate in widespread degraded areas where stoniness is the main evidence of a previous stage of erosion. Previously overgrazing and deforestation were determined as the factors of the appearance of new soil surface characteristics which explain the high runoff and sediment productions. The soil compacted by cattle trampling reduces infiltration. The decrease of the vegetation cover triggers a rise in the splash effect and thus, a soil sealing.These processes induce an increase in runoff and soil losses. The main erosion type has been described as sheet erosion: it is characterised by the removal of fine soil particles and the remains of gravels, pebbles and blocks, which constitute a pavement on the soil. Gullies generally appear on the bottom of wide valleys and depressions, where soils are thick. It is shown that sheet erosion is two orders of magnitude higher than gully erosion at the hillslope scale.Due to the spatial distribution of land use and the geological context such as the heavily degraded areas close to the main rivers, the reduction of runoff and soil loss rates within the extension of a considered area, commonly observed in hydrology, only applies up to the elementary catchments scale (1 to 50 km²). Above this area, runoff coefficient and soil loss rates increase.     

区域土地利用效益评价——以阿坝藏族羌族自治州为例

根据区域土地利用的变化状况及所产生的效益进行系统科学的分析,利用功效函数和协调度模型,构建了区域土地利用效益评价指标体系。从定量的角度分析阿坝藏族羌族自治州近年土地利用变化所产生的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益,将有利于调整土地利用决策,并对土地资源进行开发利用和管理,为科学合理的制定区域土地利用总体规划提供参考和依据。     

基于J2EE的农用地流转系统平台的设计与实现

随着近年来农用地流转市场的繁荣,土地供需信息的极大需求及流转工作的日益频繁,对土地管理部门的监管和审批工作也提出了更高的要求。为加快搭建农用地流转系统平台,以现代化信息手段促使农用地顺利合理流转,提高农用地利用效率和农户收益,笔者在对农用地流转现状及方式的深入分析基础上,以实用性和平台建设为指导,利用网络技术、计算机编程及数据库技术,开发了基于J2EE技术的B/S架构的农用地流转系统。该系统从功能结构设计入手,对系统流程和数据库结构进行了合理设计;实现了农村集体所有制土地确权登记数据更新自动化管理,确保了流转信息的对称和渠道的通畅;建立了流转业务管理员跟踪管理机制,实现各级管理员审核、合同归档的完整业务流程,有利于提高农用地流转管理效率。