Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada

Forestry practices associated with the industrial era (since ~1900) have altered the natural disturbance regimes and greatly impacted the world’s forests. We quantified twentieth century logging patterns and regional scale consequences in three sub-boreal forest landscapes of Eastern Canada (117,000, 49,400 and 92,300 ha), comparing forestry maps depicting age and forest cover types for early industrial (1930) and present-day (2000) conditions. Results were similar for the three landscapes, indicating large-scale forest change during the twentieth century. In 1930, previous logging activities had been concentrated in the lowlands and along the main hydrographical network, as compared to a more even distribution over the landscapes in 2000, reflecting a decreasing influence of the environmental constraints on forest harvesting. In 1930, old-aged forests (>100 years) accounted for more than 75% of the unlogged areas of the three landscapes, as compared to less than 15% for the present-day conditions. Logging practices have thus inverted the stand age distribution of the landscapes that are currently dominated by young and regenerating stands. The 1930 forest cover types showed a clear relationship with elevation, with conifers located in the lowlands and mixed and deciduous stands restricted to the upper slopes. Between 1930 and 2000, 58–64% of the conifer areas transformed to mixed and deciduous forests, such that no clear altitudinal relationships remained in 2000. We conclude that twentieth century logging practices have strongly altered the preindustrial vegetation patterns in our study area, to the point that ecosystem-based management strategies should be developed to restore conifer dominance, altitudinal gradients, as well as the irregular structure inspired from old forest stands.     

河流故道区梨树-药材立体种植技术研究及分析

河流故道区梨园内间作不同药材,研究立体模式种植技术及环境效益。结果表明：梨树-半夏复合系统中,间作半夏不会造成梨减产,半夏株行距3 cm×15 cm时,产量最高563.2kg/hm^2、收获指数最高4.6、商品指数最高57%。梨树-防风复合系统中,行距为40 cm时,防风产量最高21 610.8 kg/hm^2,收获指数最高9.3、商品指数最高100%。梨树-紫菀复合系统中,提出了氮、磷、钾肥料合理配比的施用量为1 hm^2中N∶P2O5∶K2O为115.8∶292.5∶303.5,紫菀产量为16 049.69 kg/hm^2,紫菀铜含量各处理间无显著差异。对3种复合系统进行土地利用价值分析。结果表明：梨树-半夏的LER为1.8最大,梨树-紫菀的LER为1.4最低。     

低温弱光对西葫芦幼苗渗透调节物质的影响

以西葫芦品种早青一代为试材,研究了不同低温弱光组合及低温弱光持续时间对西葫芦幼苗渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:可溶性蛋白质含量随低温弱光逆境程度加剧和持续时间延长持续减少;在15℃/5℃以上,弱光处理渗透调节物质游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量增加,但增加幅度随着弱光逆境加剧和持续时间延长而减弱;但在15℃/5℃下,弱光逆境导致游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量先增加后降低。     

汽车前照灯智能控制系统的设计

基于汽车驾驶的安全性,结合传感器技术和微控制技术,对汽车前照灯设计了一套智能控制系统。该系统能在不同的情况下,对前照灯的照射角度和亮度进行自动实时调整和自动选择适宜的灯光模式,实现汽车前照灯的智能化控制,提高了汽车驾驶的安全性、舒适性以及智能感觉。     

农业综合开发土地治理项目施工合同签订方式的分析

农业综合开发土地治理项目是国家支持“三农”的一种重要手段．由于该项目存在着施工环境复杂、资金限额控制等因素,项目的投资控制和管理有一定的难度和特殊性,在总结项目管理的基础上．针对项目实际,对项目施工合同签订方式进行必要分析和比较．以实现对项目的有效管理。     

冀东滦下灌区种植结构调整策略的研究

分析了冀东滦下灌区四县稻田土壤耕层的全盐含量和地下水矿化度,并依据我国盐渍土壤划分标准和不同作物的耐盐能力,将该稻区划分为宜稻区、盐生植物种植区、耐盐作物种植区和大田旱作物种植区,并提出了各个区域的种植技术方案及配套的工程技术措施。     

Regulation of root-to-leaf Na and Cl transport and its association with photosynthetic activity in salt-tolerant soybean genotypes

ABSTRACT

Soil salinity is a major constraint to sustainable crop production. Genetic improvements are needed for growing soybean in salinity-prone environments. Salt-tolerant soybean genotypes alleviate a reduction in photosynthesis and growth under saline conditions; however, the detailed mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify how Na and Cl root-to-leaf transport is quantitatively regulated, and to identify whether photosynthetic tolerance depends on traits associated with either stomata or with mesophyll tissues. Two pairs of pot-grown soybean near-isogenic lines (NILs) consisting of tolerant and susceptible counterparts, derived from a cross between salt-tolerant FT-Abyara and salt-sensitive C01, were subjected to salinity treatment in a rainout greenhouse. Comparison of photosynthetic responses between genotypes indicated that genotypic differences in salinity tolerance depended on the ability for sustained CO₂ assimilation in mesophyll tissues, rather than stomatal conductance. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to intercellular CO₂ concentration (A/Ci) declined exponentially with increasing Na and Cl concentration regardless of genotype, but tolerant genotypes effectively kept both elements at significantly low levels. Under saline conditions, tolerant genotypes reduced Na and Cl content at the two transport pathways: from root to stem, and from stem to leaf, but the reduction of Cl at each pathway was only minor. These results suggest that integrating genetic capacity for Cl transport regulation and osmotic adjustment should be an important target in salinity-tolerance soybean breeding.     

椰子可可间作下种植密度对作物产量及经济效益的影响

研究椰子可可间作条件下,不同种植密度可可对椰子和可可产量及经济效益的影响。试验共设7个处理：在椰园间作不同密度的可可2.0 m×2.0 m（A）、3.0 m×2.0 m（B）和3.0 m×3.0 m（C）,以单作椰子6.0 m×6.0 m（CN）和单作可可2.0 m×2.0 m（CA）、3.0 m×2.0 m（CB）和3.0 m×3.0 m（CC）为对照。结果表明：间作不同密度的可可均显著提高椰子叶片全氮、全磷和全钾等养分含量;间作园土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分含量均显著高于单作椰园;间作可可使椰子产量显著提高,间作可可产量高于单作可可,但差异不显著;处理C的产投比和土地当量比较高。在海南椰园,采用3.0 m×3.0 m的密度间种可可有利于经济效益提高,并起到节本增效的作用。     

试论耕地资源禀赋不足对我国近代农业技术发展的影响

技术进步是农业发展的必要条件之一。但技术的发展受到资源禀赋和市场需求的影响制约。在近代由于我国和西方在耕地资源禀赋和市场发育等方面存在显著差异,导致了我国和西方在农业技术进步和社会发展方面的巨大不同。     

我国南方大豆地方品种农艺和品质性状的遗传参数分析

由南方13省区的3769份夏大豆地方品种按省分层随机抽样而得的143份材料组成地方群体;由20份南方夏大豆推广品种及品系组成改良群体,在南京两年三重复试验表明,南方地方群体主要特点是晚熟(132.56天),秆较矮(58.05cm),中粒(14.34g/100粒),底荚高(18.47cm),分枝中等(3.86),产量低(1199.25kg/ha),蛋白质含量高(43.73％)、脂肪含量中等(20.19％)。该群体农艺和品质性状具有丰富的遗传变异,并由5％相对遗传进展特点将45个性状分为,GSI:极大(>40％);GSⅡ:大(40％—10％);GSⅢ:中等(10％—5％);GSⅣ:一定(<5％)等四类,其中GSⅠ、GSⅡ类多属产量、生育期、粒茎比、株高、百粒重等农艺性状,GSⅢ、GSⅣ类多属蛋白质含量及其氨基酸组分、脂肪含量等品质性状。