Residual toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on apple foliage toAmblyseius fallacis and the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris

The residual toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on leaves from a treated apple orchard to a mite predator,Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), in the laboratory, declined to one-third of its original level within 3 weeks. The absence ofA. fallacis on apple trees during the pink bud stage coupled with the results of this study pave the way for the development of integrated pest management strategies where key pre-bloom pests, such as the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), may be controlled with lambda-cyhalothrin with little if any toxic effects to the predator later in the season. Two years of field testing indicated that 10 g a.i./ha of lambda-cyhalothrin applied at pink was very effective against the tarnished plant bug.     

Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) to conventional insecticides in India

The present study was carried out to evaluate conventional insecticide resistance in populations of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) from seven different soybean-growing districts (Dharwad. Belgaum, Pune, Parbani, Adilabad, Hyderabad and Indore) of India. Experimental results revealed among the three chemical insecticides bioassayed, quinolphos 25 EC registered the highest LC₅₀ value (29.7 mg a.i./L) followed by chlorpyrifos 20 EC (18.3 mg a.i./L) while the lowest LC₅₀ value was found for lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC (1.3 mg a.i./L) in a susceptible population of S. litura larvae. Evaluation of the seven different populations of S. litura from India showed that populations from Adilabad and Pune exhibited elevated LC₅₀ values for chlorpyrifos [(1622.0 mg a.i./L) and (1137.0 mg a.i./L)], quinolphos [(1892.0 mg a.i./L) and (1744.0 mg a.i./L)] and lambda-cyhalothrin [(56.4 mg a.i./L) and (41.6 mg a.i./L)], respectively. Seven different S. litura populations collected varied in their resistance ratio (RR) for three conventional insecticides used in this study. For chlorpyrifos RR values ranged from 3 to 88 fold, for quinolphos RR values ranged from 3 to 63 fold and for lambda-cyhalothrin RR values ranged from 2 to 42 fold in the seven different S. litura populations compared to the susceptible population. Based on the raised LC₅₀ values, the resistance is quite concerning for organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and quinolphos). The present study is a warning bell suggesting the cautious use of organophosphates and lambda-cyhalothrin in soybean.     

Evaluation of insecticides for the control of the green vegetable bug,Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), on sweet corn,Zea mays (L.), in New Zealand

The efficacy of insecticides for the control of Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the green vegetable bug, was tested in laboratory and field trials. Bioassays of 11 insecticides against field-collected adults were used to select two insecticides for a field experiment conducted in a process sweet corn crop, Zea mays (L.) (cv. Punch), near Tolaga Bay on the east coast of the North Island, New Zealand. Lambda-cyhalothrin (as 200 ml Karate®/100 litres water ha m 1 ) and methamidophos (as 1 litre Tamaron TM /100 litres water ha m 1 ) were tested against a water control. Both insecticides demonstrated efficacy, with respective mortality rates of 87 and 83% compared with 2% in the control. Green vegetable bug flew into the experimental crop in large numbers over 48 h before the start of the trial. Damage thresholds were exceeded in two of the three control plots within 7 days of the green vegetable bug first invading the crop, leaving only a very small 'window' for insecticide application. Success or otherwise of these insecticides is therefore likely to be dependent on the timing of application as well as on the efficacy of the products themselves.     

5％高效氯氟氰菊酯·甲维盐EW对甘蓝甜菜夜蛾的田间防治效果

[目的]评价5%高效氯氟氰菊酯·甲维盐EW对甘蓝甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua Hubner)的田间防治效果,为甜菜夜蛾的有效控制提供参考。[方法]通过田间小区试验设计方法,研究了5%高效氯氟氰菊酯.甲维盐EW对甘蓝甜菜夜蛾的防治效果,并评价了其对甘蓝生长和天敌昆虫的安全性。[结果]该药剂施药后2 d,有效成分6～9 g/hm2或药剂用量120～180 g/hm2对甘蓝甜菜夜蛾表现出较好的杀虫效果,施药后10 d仍具有良好防效;对甘蓝生长及天敌无不良影响。[结论]5%高效氯氟氰菊酯·甲维盐EW是防治甘蓝甜菜夜蛾的较好药剂,具有对作物生长安全、高效性和持效期长的特点;其适宜用量为750～900 kg/hm2,最适施药期在甜菜夜蛾卵孵化盛期至低龄幼虫高峰期。     

高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在小麦中的残留及消解动态分析

为了评价高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在小麦生产上的安全性,建立了气相色谱测定的高效氯氟氰菊酯及UPLC-MS/MS测定噻虫嗪和噻虫胺的残留分析方法,并对高效氯氟氰菊酯和噻虫嗪在小麦籽粒、植株和土壤中的消解动态进行了研究。结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在不同样品中的平均加标回收率为77.0%~105.6%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~11.1%;高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在小麦籽粒、植株和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.05 mg·kg^-1,最小检出量分别为0.002 5、0.000 1、0.012 ng。高效氯氟氰菊酯在小麦植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为8.0~12.4 d和16.5~19.3 d;噻虫嗪在小麦植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为1.2~2.5 d和3.7~5.3 d;2014年和2015年,在哈尔滨、新乡和银川市三地以240 g·hm^-2 和 360 g·hm^-2 施药量分别施药2~3次,距最后一次施药14 d时,高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在小麦籽粒中的最高残留量均小于0.05 mg·kg^-1,低于我国国家标准（GB2763-2016）。     

应用比例法和对分法优选2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂配方

综合运用了比例法和对分法对2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂的配方进行了研究,在较短时间内筛选出了该微乳剂的较佳配方。其中溶剂使用甲醇与苯,以质量比3∶1混用,质量分数为10%;乳化剂剂500#和602#以3∶7,质量分数为18%;用去离子水补至100。该制剂各项技术指标均合格,可以满足生产需要。     

吡虫啉等6种杀虫剂对河北省不同地区绿盲蝽的室内毒力

采用叶片浸渍法,测定了吡虫啉、氟虫腈、高效氯氟氰菊酯、丁硫克百威、马拉硫磷和辛硫磷6种杀虫剂对河北省不同地区绿盲蝽种群的室内毒力效果。结果表明：氟虫腈对河北省绿盲蝽毒力最高,高效氯氟氰菊酯和丁硫克百威次之,马拉硫磷、辛硫磷和吡虫啉毒力较低;河北省不同地区绿盲蝽种群对药剂敏感性的差异较小,其中保定地区绿盲蝽种群对各药剂的敏感性最高。攀     

氯苯·高氯氟150g／L微囊悬浮-悬浮剂液相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈＋0．1％磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使用ZORBAX80A Extend—C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在230nm波长下对混剂中高效氯氟氰菊酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该方法测得高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺的线性相关系数为0．9997、0．9999;标准偏差为0．08、0．10;变异系数为1．53％、1．04％;平均回收率为99．40％、99．89％。     

硫丹和高效氯氟氰菊酯对葛氏鲈塘鳢的急性毒性研究

[目的]揭示有机氯和菊酯类农药对葛氏鲈塘鳢的毒性效应.[方法]采用换水式毒性试验方法研究硫丹和高效氯氟氰菊酯对葛氏鲈塘鳢的急性毒性效应.[结果]硫丹对葛氏鲈塘鳢24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为18.58、12.46、11.38和7.59 μg/L,安全浓度为1.68 μg/L.高效氯氟氰菊酯对葛氏鲈塘鳢的24、48、72、96 h LC50分别为2.49、2.37、1.93和1.72μg/L,安全浓度为0.65μg/L.根据化学物质对鱼类毒性的分级标准,硫丹和高效氯氟氰菊酯对葛氏鲈塘鳢的毒性属于剧毒.[结论]该研究丰富这2种常用农药对鱼类的毒理学数据,也为农药的安全使用提供理论依据.     

高效氯氟氰菊酯和阿维菌素对中华蜜蜂CarE和GSTs的影响

羧酸酯酶(Carboxylesterase,Car E)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GSTs)是蜜蜂体内重要的生化标记酶。本研究探讨了高效氯氟氰菊酯lambda-cyhalothrin和阿维菌素abamectin亚致死剂量对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana中肠Car E和谷GSTs活性的影响。结果表明,用阿维菌素和高效氯氟氰菊酯亚致死浓度LC5饲喂中华蜜蜂,明显诱导Car E活性增强;LC5浓度的阿维菌素诱导GSTs活性增强,而LC10~LC40的浓度抑制GSTs活性;高效氯氟氰菊酯LC5~LC40浓度对GSTs作用不明显;用LC10浓度的阿维菌素和高效氯氟氰菊酯处理中华蜜蜂72 h,Car E活性呈现先提高后降低的趋势,而对GSTs作用不明显。