消化道上皮细胞中乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量的变化

利用兔抗鸡乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白血清,以不连续活性-PAGE电泳技术和间接ELISA方法,对不同日龄、健康和患球虫病鸡消化道不同部位乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量进行了检测。结果表明,2日龄鸡嗉囊部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分,D450nm值为0.181;1日龄鸡小肠部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分,D450nm值为0.168;5日龄乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分达到稳定,D450nm值分别为0.200和0.123。健康鸡体内嗉囊与小肠部位乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量比患球虫病鸡明显增多,D450nm值分别为：嗉囊,0.143和0.132;小肠,0.148和0.134。     

赛里木拉丝酸奶中优势菌株发酵乳对血管紧张素转化酶的抑制作用

利用改进的紫外分光光度法,测定从新疆赛里木拉丝酸奶中分离出的瑞士乳杆菌mb2-1、嗜热链球菌mb5-1以及马克斯克鲁维酵母Y6单菌和混菌发酵脱脂乳对血管紧张素转化酶抑制率。结果表明:瑞士乳杆菌mb2-1、嗜热链球菌mb5-1单菌发酵对血管紧张素转化酶抑制率48h达到最高,分别为70.75%、47.17%;与马克斯克鲁维酵母Y6混合发酵48h,对血管紧张素转化酶抑制率分别为75.68%和44.85%。     

饲用乳酸菌固态发酵棉籽粕产有机酸的研究

本文研究了6株不同饲用乳酸茵固态发酵棉籽粕产有机酸情况。结果表明：德氏乳杆菌产酸量最高,可达18．56g／kg。为了增加产酸量,利用响应面分析法对德氏乳杆菌固态发酵棉籽粕培养基进行了优化,建立了二次回归方程：Y1=25．07—1．0325＊X1—0．47625＊X2—1．28875＊X5—1．8;5125＊X1＊X1＋0．67＊X1十X2＋O．17＊X1＊X5—1．59575．X2＊X2-0．6775．X2＊X3—1．06;575＊X5＊X3,并确定了最佳培养基配方为：棉粕916．44g／kg,麸皮83．56g／kg,糖蜜27．91g／kg,水480．24g／kg。在此条件下,使德氏乳杆菌固态发酵棉籽粕产有机酸含量达到25．64g／kg,比优化前提高了39．65％。     

低聚木糖调节BALB/c小鼠肠道菌群及润肠通便作用研究

[目的]研究低聚木糖对小鼠肠道菌群及润肠通便的影响。[方法]以BALB/c小鼠为试验对象,在连续给予高剂量(1.0g/kg.bw)、低剂量(0.5 g/kg.bw)的低聚木糖14 d后,测定小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌的含量;在连续给予高、低剂量的低聚木糖21 d后,以复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,测定给予低聚木糖后便秘小鼠的排首黑便时间、6 h内黑便重量及小肠推进率。[结果]与对照组相比,连续给予低聚木糖14 d后,低、高剂量组小鼠粪便内乳杆菌、双歧杆菌及B/E值均显著增加(P<0.05)。与灌服前相比,对照组肠球菌、乳杆菌显著增加(P<0.05);低、高剂量组肠杆菌显著减少(P<0.05),乳杆菌、双歧杆菌及B/E值显著增加。与模型对照组相比,连续给予低聚木糖21 d后,低、高剂量组的首粒排黑便时间显著缩短(P<0.05),排黑便总量显著增加(P<0.05),小肠推进率显著提高(P<0.01)。[结论]低聚木糖具有改善小鼠胃肠道菌群及润肠通便的功效。     

pH对产叶酸植物乳杆菌叶酸产量及相关基因表达的影响

叶酸是细胞代谢的重要中间体,人类由于缺乏叶酸生物合成途径中的关键酶,需要从膳食中摄取叶酸。由于谷氨酸尾数目的差别,生物合成的叶酸更容易被人体利用。一些植物乳杆菌菌株可以合成叶酸,但培养条件对叶酸合成有较大影响。选择一株高产叶酸的植物乳杆菌4_3菌株,探讨了在同一培养基中,不调节pH和使pH稳定在6.0对其生长状况和叶酸合成的影响。比起不调节pH,维持pH 6.0可以长期保持较高的活细胞密度。实时荧光定量PCR的结果显示,在pH 6.0的培养基中,叶酸合成相关基因表达量均要高于不调节pH的培养基。     

Silage and haylage as forage in slow and fast-growing broilers – effects on performance in Campylobacter jejuni infected birds

ABSTRACT

1. This study investigated the effects of daily intake of silage or haylage on broiler production performance and organ development. Furthermore, effects of daily intake of Lactobacillus plantarum either via silage or by supplemented drinking water, on Campylobacter jejuni loads in faeces were studied.

2. To test this, a 42-d experiment using Ross 308 and a 63-d experiment with Rowan Rangers hybrids, were performed. Silage inoculated with L. plantarum strain 256 and haylage were fed in total mixed rations with mixtures of 85% of pellets and 15% of respective forage (DM-based weight). Feed intake (FI), forage intake, body weight (BW) and feed conversion ration (FCR) were monitored weekly. Mortality was recorded daily, and organ weights were registered at slaughter. Quantification of C. jejuni was performed by colony counts from faecal samples after culture on agar plates.

3. There was a negative effect of haylage on BW and FI in the fast-growing Ross 308 hybrid. Silage had a negative effect on BW only on week four and six. Water inoculated with L. plantarum 256 increased BW in the starter period. Interestingly, no significant adverse effect of forage inclusion was observed in the Rowan Ranger birds.

4. Relative weight of the emptied gizzard was higher in both Ross 308 and Rowan Ranger birds fed haylage and silage than in the control group. In Ross 308 birds, both forages significantly reased the relative weight of gizzard with digestive content when compared to birds fed solely pellets.

5. In both studies, higher consumption of silage than haylage was observed.

6. In conclusion, daily intake of L. plantarum 256 either via silage or supplemented in drinking water, was not effective in reducing the shedding of C. jejuni in either Ross 308 or Rowan Ranger hybrids at the end of the rearing period.     

耐镉乳酸菌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

为研究日粮中分别或同时添加镉和具有耐镉特性的约氏乳酸杆菌对如草蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,试验分为5组:对照组、镉组(Cd 5 mg/kg)、低剂量乳酸菌组(Lac 1×10¹⁰cfu/kg)、镉加低剂量乳酸菌组(Cd 5 mg/kg+Lac1×10¹⁰cfu/kg)、镉加高剂量乳酸菌组(Cd 5 mg/kg+Lac 1×10¹¹ cfu/kg)。试验期6周,全程统计分析蛋鸡日采食量、产蛋量、产蛋率和料蛋比。在试验的3周末和6周末各组连续收集三天的鸡蛋,测定蛋品质。结果显示:镉加低剂量乳酸菌组的产蛋量、产蛋率较对照组和镉组分别提高38%、16.22%和5.3%、2.44%,料蛋比降低1.09和0.17。6周时镉加低剂量乳酸菌组的蛋重为48.8 g,较低剂量乳酸菌组提高7.3%(P <0.05);而其蛋白高度较对照组和镉组分别提高24.4%和18.6%(P <0.05)。蛋黄色泽在3周时,各试验组比对照组低1～3级(P <0.01),而在6周时,各试验组比对照组高2～3级(P <0.01)。6周时镉组和镉加高剂量乳酸菌组的蛋黄质量均较低剂量乳酸菌组提高7.9%(P <0.05),而其蛋黄蛋白比均较对照组高12.3%(P <0.01),较低剂量乳酸菌组和镉加低剂量乳酸菌组提高8.5%和6.7%(P <0.05)。蛋壳厚度在3周时,试验组较对照组低0.01～0.02 mm(P <0.01)。蛋壳颜色L在3周和6周时,镉组较对照组值分别降低了4.9%和7.4%(P <0.05);蛋壳颜色a在3周和6周时,镉组较对照组分别提高63.3%和66.7%(P <0.01),在6周时镉组较低剂量乳酸菌组和镉加低剂量乳酸菌组分别提高26.8%和28.6%(P <0.05);蛋壳颜色b在3周时,试验组较对照组分别提高36.5%、25.3%、27.0%和26.4%(P <0.01),在6周时镉组较对照组提高15.4%(P <0.01)。综上,在蛋鸡低镉饲粮中添加1×10¹⁰cfu/kg的耐镉乳酸菌可提高蛋鸡的生产性能,且显著增加蛋白高度。     

Effects of the probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus, on the growth performance, haematology parameters and immunoglobulin concentration in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) fingerling

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus , on the growth performance, haematology parameters and immunoglobulin concentration in African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerling. Two experimental diets were formulated to contain 35 g kg⁻¹ crude protein and 10 g kg⁻¹ lipids accordingly and fed three times daily for 12 weeks to 25 C. gariepinus fingerlings per fibreglass tank in 12 replicates each. The control diet was prepared with no probiotic supplementation whereas the second diet was prepared supplemented with a probiotic, L. acidophilus , containing about 3.01 × 10⁷ colonies/g of diet. The results show that growth performance [specific growth rate (SGR) and relative growth rate (RGR)], nutrient utilization [protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)] and survival were significantly ( P <0.05) higher in fish maintained on the probiotic-supplemented diet compared with those on the control diet. Haematology parameters (packed cell volume, haemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, red blood cell and white blood cell, total serum protein, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, glucose and cholesterol) and total immunoglobulin concentrations were also significantly better in fish fed the probiotic-supplemented diet than in the control. Although the water quality parameters monitored were better in the fish fed the probiotic-supplemented diet than in the control, the parameters were not significantly different ( P >0.05). From the results of this experiment, we conclude that L. acidophilus can be used as a probiotic agent in African catfish culture, to enhance fish health, survival and better feed efficiency and growth performance.     

Bacterial population in intestines of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei fed a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum and galactooligosaccharide

The aims of this study were to unravel the intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei after being fed a diet without (control) or with the synbiotic (SYN) for 60 days using next‐generation sequencing technology to see if changes in the intestinal microbiota were involved in the improved growth performance and health status of the shrimp. Next‐generation sequencing data showed that six phyla, 11 classes, 19 orders, 30 families, 58 genera and 73 species with taxonomic names assigned were detected. The majority of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was shared between the SYN and control shrimp and comprised 37 OTUs. However, intestinal biodiversity analyses revealed that SYN‐fed shrimp had a higher species richness, evenness and Shannon–Weaver index than did shrimp fed the control diet, but without reaching statistical significance. Interestingly, shrimp fed the SYN diet exhibited improved colonization of Lactobacillus plantarum and reduced prevalences of Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae in the intestines. These findings indicate that the SYN was able to modulate the intestinal bacterial community of shrimp and could be used to control vibriosis in shrimp.     

复合乳酸菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胃肠道pH、肠道形态和盲肠微生物的影响

本研究旨在探究复合乳酸菌制剂(CLP)对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、组织器官指数、胃肠道pH、肠道形态以及盲肠微生物数量的影响.选取1日龄体重相近、健康状况良好的黄羽肉鸡母鸡2100只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复70只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg的恩拉霉素,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加...