复合乳酸菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胃肠道pH、肠道形态和盲肠微生物的影响

本研究旨在探究复合乳酸菌制剂(CLP)对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、组织器官指数、胃肠道pH、肠道形态以及盲肠微生物数量的影响.选取1日龄体重相近、健康状况良好的黄羽肉鸡母鸡2100只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复70只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg的恩拉霉素,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加...     

兰州百合粗低聚糖对嗜热链球菌ATCC-14485和保加利亚乳杆菌ATCC-11842产酸及增殖的影响

益生元在促进益生菌生长、调节肠道微生态平衡方面发挥着重要作用。为探究兰州百合粗低聚糖（crude lily oligosaccharides, CLOs）的益生元特性,以兰州百合干为原料,提取、表征CLOs;以低聚果糖和菊粉作为阳性对照,测定CLOs在人工胃肠溶液的水解度,以及对嗜热链球菌ATCC-14485和保加利亚乳杆菌ATCC-11842的产酸、增殖作用的影响。结果表明：CLOs分子量为1 194 Da,主要由甘露糖、阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为1:3.57:16.40;CLOs经人工胃肠溶液消化后水解度是26.96%,显著低于菊粉（P <0.05）;CLOs促进乳酸菌发酵产酸的效果显著优于菊粉和低聚果糖（P <0.05）;当CLOs的添加量为1.0%(W/V)时,能有效促进嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的增殖,并减缓二者在货架期的死亡速率。研究结果说明CLOs具有益生元特性,可为新型共生发酵乳的研发提供理论依据。     

产胆盐水解酶植物乳杆菌降胆固醇作用的研究

采用茚三酮显色法测定了5株具有潜在益生特性的植物乳杆菌的胆盐水解酶(BSH)活性,采用邻苯二甲醛法测定了发酵上清液、菌体洗涤液和菌体破碎液中胆固醇含量,并对二者进行了相关性分析。结果表明,5株菌的BSH比活力为0.0149~0.0299U/mg总蛋白,去除胆固醇能力为37.64~47.88μg/mL。5株乳杆菌BSH活性与菌体洗涤液中胆固醇含量呈显著正相关,推断是菌株BSH水解结合胆盐生成游离胆酸,后者与胆固醇共沉淀,从而达到降胆固醇的效果。上述研究结果为利用益生菌生产具有降胆固醇功效的产品提供了理论依据。     

Autochthonous probiotic as growth promoter and immunomodulator for Astyanax bimaculatus cultured in water recirculation system

This work aimed to evaluate the probiotic Lactobacillus spp. in the microbiota of Astyanax bimaculatus reared in a water recirculation system. The experiment was randomized, using 800 postlarvae distributed into eight polyethylene containers, separated into two treatments, in quadruplicate: supplementation with Lactobacillus spp. (Probiotic) and no supplementation (Control). After 90 days of culture, 13 fish per container were anaesthetized. Three of these underwent microbiological evaluation, and haematological analyses were carried out on five. Immunological assessment was performed on another five fish. Zootechnical parameters were evaluated for all animals. In the microbiological evaluation, the probiotic group presented higher counts of lactic acid bacteria, but lower counts of Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus spp., when compared with control. After haematological analysis, the supplemented group presented low haematimetric indices of Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCHC and MCH, respectively) and higher amounts of total leucocytes, thrombocytes and circulating monocytes when compared with control. The immunological profile did not differ between treatments. In the zootechnical performance, probiotic group presented higher productivity, survival and apparent food efficiency when compared with control. Therefore, when Lactobacillus spp. was supplemented in the diet of A. bimaculatus, immunocompetence and the zootechnical performance of animals increased.     

添加嗜酸乳杆菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、酶活性及相关酶mRNA表达的影响

本实验旨在研究饲料中添加嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾生长、非特异性免疫酶活性、抗病力和相关酶m RNA表达的影响。选取840尾初始均重为(0.58±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾为研究对象,分为7个处理,每个处理3个重复。投喂添加不同比例(0%,0.1%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%)嗜酸乳杆菌的饲料,养殖期8周。结果显示:添加不同比例嗜酸乳杆菌对凡纳滨对虾的成活率无显著影响(P0.05)。增重率与特定生长率随添加量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,但均显著高于对照组(P0.05),在0.4%组达到最大值;当添加0.2%时,饲料系数最低,其他各组显著低于对照组(P0.05),而蛋白质效率的变化规律则与饲料系数相反。血清酚氧化物酶(phenoloxidase,PO)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase,ACP)活性随添加量的增加先升高后降低,分别为0.4%、0.1%和0.2%时,达到最大值。过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,实验组均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。实验组过氧化氢酶(CAT)m RNA表达量和溶菌酶(LZM)m RNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒96 h,对虾存活率随添加量的增加显著升高(P0.05)。以增重率(weight gain rate,WGR)为判断依据,根据折线模型得出,饲料中添加0.23%嗜酸乳杆菌可显著促进凡纳滨对虾生长,并提高非特异性免疫酶活性。     

嗜酸乳杆菌高密度发酵研究进展

嗜酸乳杆菌是一种具有重要商业价值的益生菌,嗜酸乳杆菌的高密度发酵技术对于该菌的工业化生产有重要应用价值。本文对嗜酸乳杆菌的营养需求、冷冻环境适应策略以及高密度发酵探索等方面的研究进行综述,旨在为嗜酸乳杆菌的生产提供理论参考。     

Lactic acid bacteria strains for enhancing the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Leymus chinensis silage

Leymus chinensis is an important grass in China and Russia. Six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (LB, LPL1, LPL2, LPL3, LCL and WH) from L. chinensis silage were screened and identified and their effects on fermentation quality were investigated. All six strains were grown at 6·5% NaCl and pH 4·00. Strains LPL1, LPL2 and LPL3 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and LB, WH and LCL were classified as Lactobacillus brevis, Weissella hellenica and Lactobacillus casei respectively. The six isolated strains and a commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri) were added to L. chinensis for ensiling at densities of 500 and 600 kg m^?3. The control was sprayed with the same volume of distilled water. The effects of the strains on fermentation quality after 45 d ensiling and aerobic stability during 8 d of exposure to air were evaluated. The 600 kg m^?3 silage had lower pH, butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen content and coliform bacteria counts than the 500 kg m^?3 density silage (P < 0·05). The six isolated strains decreased pH, butyric acid content and increased lactic acid content, and all inoculants increased L. chinensis silage aerobic stability except LCL (P < 0·05). The fermentation quality of L. chinensis silage increased with higher ensiling density. The LAB strains improved the fermentation quality, and high‐quality silage could be obtained at low ensiling density with the addition of the LAB strains. The strains improved the aerobic stability; Lb. buchneri and Lb. brevis showed the best performance.     

Effects of ethanol,molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum, molasses and/or ethanol on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage, which is widely used in dairy cow diets at mid‐to‐late lactation in Tibet. TMR was treated with ethanol (E), molasses (M), Lactobacillus plantarum(L), ethanol+molasses (EM), ethanol+Lactobacillus plantarum (EL) plus control. After 45 d of ensiling, inoculant significantly (P < 0·05) increased lactic acid (LA) concentration and decreased pH, ammonia nitrogen (AN) concentration, and aerobic bacterial and yeast counts, compared to control. After the first 3 d of aerobic exposure, LA for silages without ethanol started to decrease, while LA for E silages almost remained unchanged till the end of the aerobic exposure period. The pH in TMR silages without ethanol gradually increased, while that for E and EL remained about 4·60 and 4·00, respectively, and EL showed the lowest pH among six silages over the course of aerobic exposure. Aerobic bacterial counts in control, M and EM silages were significantly higher (P < 0·05) than those in E, L and EL, and yeast counts in E and EL silages were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than those in other silages after 9 d of aerobic exposure. The results suggest that inoculation with L. plantarum was more effective in altering fermentation characteristics than adding molasses, while ethanol showed a potential to protect TMR silages from pH increase and delayed the growth of aerobic bacteria and yeast either alone or in combination with L. plantarum.     

Aerobic stability of sugar-cane silage inoculated with tropical strains of lactic acid bacteria

Aerobic stability is an important feature in the evaluation of silages. The aims were to investigate the chemical and microbiological changes that occur in sugar-cane (Saccharum spp.) silage after aerobic exposure, to identify the major species of yeasts associated with the aerobic deterioration process and to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that can improve the aerobic stability of this silage. Fourteen wild LAB strains belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis and L. hilgardii were evaluated using experimental silos. Silage samples were collected at 0, 96 and 216 h after aerobic exposure to determinate the DM, WSC, pH, products of fermentation, to evaluate the silage temperatures and to identify yeast species associated with the aerobic deterioration of silage. The strains tested were able to modify the fermentative and chemical parameters and the diversity of yeasts species of silage after aerobic exposure. There was no association between the facultative or obligatory heterofermentative fermentation patterns and the increased aerobic stability of silage. Aerobic stability of sugar-cane silages was associated with high acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol concentrations. L. hilgardii UFLA SIL51 and UFLA SIL52 strains promoted an increase in aerobic stability of silage.     

重组植物乳杆菌生物学特性比较研究

试验对植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,Lp)出发菌与携带绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)标记基因的重组植物乳杆菌(Lp-GFP)生物学特性进行了详细的比较研究,以便于深入开展益生菌植物乳杆菌在动物肠道内分布和定植规律的研究。结果显示,Lp和Lp-GFP生长曲线的变化趋势基本相同,其中Lp-GFP的生长速度略有滞后;Lp和Lp-GFP最适培养温度均为37 ℃,最适初始pH均为6.5;Lp和Lp-GFP耐高温、耐人工胃液、耐人工肠液和耐胆盐的特性趋势一致;Lp和Lp-GFP的抑菌特性无显著差异(P>0.05);除了红霉素,Lp和Lp-GFP对其他药物的敏感性基本没有发生变化。综上所述,植物乳杆菌的重组对其生物学特性没有显著的影响,这为重组标记菌株的后续培养和机理研究奠定了重要基础。