Hatching rate of Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker) eggs exposed to total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation and the tolerance of juveniles to the interaction of TDG supersaturation and suspended sediment

Flood discharge containing excessive suspended sediments (SS) can result in total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation downstream of dams. It has been confirmed that high TDG levels and excessive SS cause serious threats to fish survival. To explore the effects of TDG supersaturation on the hatchability of Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker) eggs, eggs were exposed to 100%, 125%, 130% and 135% TDG supersaturated water. The results showed that the hatching rates were 78.25%, 75.35%, 71.30% and 67.50% at the 100%, 125%, 130% and 135% TDG respectively. The hatching rate decreased with increasing TDG levels. Furthermore, acute lethality experiments were carried out to investigate the interaction of TDG supersaturation and SS on Chinese sucker. Half‐year‐old juveniles were exposed to TDG supersaturated water with SS concentrations of 0, 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/L, and the TDG levels were 125%, 130%, 135% and 140% respectively. The fish exhibited abnormal behaviours and signs of gas bubble disease. Mortality increased with increasing TDG levels and SS concentrations. The Chinese suckers only survived for 2.5 hr at 140% TDG and 1,000 mg/L SS. Moreover, an increase in SS in TDG supersaturated water could cause a decrease in the median lethal time (LT₅₀). When the TDG level reached 140%, the LT₅₀ declines significantly at 600 and 1,000 mg/L SS. The interaction of TDG supersaturation and SS was significant at LT₅₀ (F = 22.81, df = 9, p < 0.001). The results indicate that the combined effect of TDG and SS could be great on Chinese sucker.     

大肠杆菌热敏感肠毒素的检测与制备

为探索猪源大肠杆菌热敏感肠毒素的简易检测方法和纯化方法,拟采用兔回肠结扎试验、兔皮肤蓝斑试验和平板免疫溶血试验比较检测热敏感肠毒素的方法。初步试验表明:平板免疫溶血试验能够快速灵敏地检测出热敏感肠毒素,并具有很强的特异性,比肠结扎试验灵敏度高,而且简便易行;采用SephadexG 100纯化热敏感肠毒素LT并采用SDS PAGE电泳检测蛋白纯度,表明该方法可以除去杂蛋白,肠毒素蛋白分子量为12 5KD和25KD     

杜鹃花品种耐寒性比较及其机制研究

以杜鹃花品种‘埃尔西 ? 李’、‘紫萼’和‘紫蝴蝶’为材料,在浙江杭州自然低温条件下（2013年12月至2014年3月）测定7个取样时期的叶片相对电导率,结合Logistic方程计算半致死温度（LT50）,并比较耐寒性强弱。同时测定耐寒性相关生理指标,通过主成分及相关性分析发现,蔗糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、丙二醛的含量与杜鹃花耐寒性关系密切,较高的蔗糖积累量及可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量可能是‘埃尔西 ? 李’抵御寒冷的主要途径;由MDA含量推测,膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量上升可能是另一途径。运用隶属函数法对3个杜鹃花品种耐寒性进行综合评价,‘埃尔西 ? 李’耐寒性最强,‘紫蝴蝶’和‘紫萼’耐寒性相似,结合园林应用及冬季表现情况,判定‘紫蝴蝶’耐寒性稍好于‘紫萼’。     

应用Logistic方程确定‘圆叶红花’口红花的抗寒性

以2年生‘圆叶红花’口红花(Aeschynanthus radicans)枝条为试材,通过不同低温、不同处理时间下叶片电解质相对外渗率(REC)变化作曲线,并结合Logistic方程计算口红花的低温半致死温度(LTk),结果表明在低温处理12 h以上,口红花叶片REC随着处理温度的降低而呈“S”形上升,由此计算出“S”形拐点对应的温度即为口红花叶片的LT50,其温度值在8.1℃至10.1℃之间,这可认为是口红花抗寒能力的重要指标.     

香橼不同品系耐寒性的研究

 以24个果实性状优良的香橼（Citrus medica L.）品系为试材,采用田间鉴定法、细胞膜透性鉴定法,评价其耐寒性差异,并以耐寒性强、中、弱3类有代表性的10个品系进行人工低温处理,进一步研究其耐寒生理特性。结果表明：越冬期间24个品系寒害指数范围为2.00 ~ 3.40,半致死温度（LT50）范围为﹣14.84 ~﹣7.07 ℃。分别根据寒害指数和LT₅₀进行聚类分析,评价了24个香橼品系耐寒性强弱,其中,耐寒性强的品系有春江4#、春江5#、春江6#、新世纪9#、新世纪10#、香橼4#;其次为春江1#、春江2#、春江3#、春江8#、香橼1#、香橼2#、香橼5#、香橼6#、香橼7#、新世纪1#、新世纪3#、新世纪4#、新世纪5#、新世纪6#、新世纪7#、新世纪8#;耐寒性弱的品系为春江7#、新世纪2#。随处理温度降低,10个香橼品系叶片的丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性蛋白质含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性总体均表现为先上升而后下降的趋势,其中耐寒性强的品系MDA含量低,Pro、可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD活性高;反之,耐寒性弱的品系MDA含量高,Pro、可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD活性低。     

Frost resistance mechanisms in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is traditionally grown in the mountain regions of the Andes where frost is common. However, the physiological mechanisms responsible for the frost resistance observed in quinoa are largely unknown. For this reason, a study on cultivars of quinoa originating from the Andean highlands and from the inter-Andean valleys was performed. Frost tolerance was determined by measuring the average lethal temperature of 50% of the leaf tissues (LT₅₀) by ion leakage, and supercooling activity was assessed by thermal analysis using thermocouples. Quinoa demonstrated supercooling capacity (a mechanism that prevents immediate damage by freezing temperatures) of 5 °C. Ice nucleation temperature was always lower than the LT₅₀. This indicates that the main survival mechanism of quinoa to frost is avoidance of ice formation by moderate supercooling. The study revealed that quinoa has a high soluble sugar content, which may cause a lowering of the freezing point and therefore contributing to lower the LT₅₀. It is suggested that the content of proline and soluble sugars, such as sucrose, may serve as indicators of frost tolerance in quinoa breeding material.     

利用多联PCR技术检测致病性大肠杆菌肠毒素

根据GenBank上登陆的产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)产生的STⅠ和LTⅠ、产类志贺毒素大肠杆菌(SLTEC)产生的SLT3种毒素基因序列,利用DNAstar软件针对其保守区设计并合成3对PCR引物:Pa1与Pa2、Pb1和Pb2、Pc1和Pc2,以上述引物分别对已知携带有3种毒素基因的质粒或菌株进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物连接入pGEMT-Vector,测序确认。随后进行了单项与二联PCR试验与优化,建立了较为特异和敏感的多联PCR反应体系,并对临床送检并分离鉴定的致病性大肠杆菌进行了肠毒素多联PCR检测。本研究建立的多联PCR技术可敏感、快速地检测大肠杆菌的肠毒素。     

橘小实蝇啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白中多杀菌素添加量的研究

为确定橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白中多杀菌素的添加量,室内测定了多杀菌素与啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白组配后对橘小实蝇的LC90、LT90及取食行为的影响.结果表明,多杀菌素对橘小实蝇雌、雄成虫在24 h内的LC90分别为5.461 5、7.308 5 mg/kg.2.5、6.3、16.0、40.0、100.0 mg/kg多杀菌素对橘小实蝇雌成虫的LT90分别为56.769 6、49.647 6、16.283 2、7.431 8、4.462 2 h,对雄成虫的LT90分别为57.388 8、52.165 2、17.615 2、7.562 8、4.834 5 h.40 mg/kg和100 mg/kg多杀菌素对6日龄和3日龄橘小实蝇雌雄成虫的取食量和吐出率均无显著影响.     

5个沙糖橘品种抗寒性的鉴定与评价

采用室内电导率法对5个沙糖橘（Citrus reticulata Blanco）品种进行了抗寒性鉴定,评价它们的抗寒能力。根据Logistic方程确定它们的低温半致死温度( LT50)介于-4.2癈 至-6.64癈之间,粤农晚橘的LT50最低;结合各品种的田间抗寒性调查结果,表明5个沙糖橘品种抗寒力强弱有较明显的差异,依次为：粤农晚橘、金葵蜜橘、粤橘1号、普通沙糖橘,华丰甜橘,其中粤橘1号和普通沙糖橘的抗寒力相似。     

莱氏野村菌Nr5772菌株对甜菜夜蛾的毒力

旨在确定莱氏野村菌Nr 5772 菌株对甜菜夜蛾的毒力,为甜菜夜蛾的生物防治提供新的技术手段。以甜菜夜蛾幼虫为实验材料,采用浸渍法,测定莱氏野村菌Nr5772 菌株分生孢子对甜菜夜蛾3、4、5龄幼虫的LC50和LT50。结果表明莱氏野村菌5×109个孢子/mL 对甜菜夜蛾3、4、5 龄幼虫的LT50分别为4.44 d、4.48 d 和4.85 d,LC50分别为2.71×106个/mL、5.61×106个/mL 和1.75×107个孢子/mL。莱氏野村菌Nr5772菌株对甜菜夜蛾幼虫有较强的致病力,孢子浓度越高、幼虫龄期越低则致病力越强。