RATIO OF CALCIUM TO MAGNESIUM INFLUENCES BIOMASS,ELEMENTAL ACCUMULATIONS,AND PIGMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN KALE

Producers use elemental ratios, such as calcium (Ca): magnesium (Mg), in fertility programs to ensure sufficient nutrient uptake. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) accumulates high levels of carotenoids which can be beneficial for human health. Objectives were to determine the influence of Ca:Mg fertilization on 1) biomass, 2) essential nutrients, and 3) carotenoids in kale leaf tissues. ‘Redbor’ kale was greenhouse-grown in solution culture. Ca:Mg ratio treatments were 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio significantly affected biomass, nutrient accumulation, and carotenoids. Plant biomass decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.001) and β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). Results indicate that producers wishing to maximize elemental uptake and carotenoid content of kale need to consider the ratio of Ca:Mg in their fertility programs.     

Induction of defense response of Oryza sativa L. against Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. by treating seeds with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan

Seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were treated with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan at 100, 500 and 1000 mg L⁻¹. After 18 days of germination, spore suspension of Pyricularia grisea was applied. The enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1-3-glucanase, chitinase and chitosanase in leaves of rice seedlings was evaluated after 24, 72, 120 and 168 h of inoculation. Blast affected area (%) was evaluated 7 and 14 days after spraying spore suspension. Chitosan performance to elicit defense response induction was associated with the concentration and type of chitosan. The activity of most of the enzymes tested was induced in leaves of treated seeds with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan at 1000 and 500 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The highest enzyme activities were observed with hydrolyzed chitosan after 72 h however, compared to chitosan, the activity was not maintained during the entire post-inoculation period. The highest control (0 = no lesions) of P. grisea in rice seedlings was observed at 1000 mg L⁻¹ in both chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan treated leaves. Symptoms of infection by P. grisea were evident after 14 days evaluation date, but according to the standard scale proposed by the International Rice Research Institute, these symptoms fell into the resistance category of blast diseases.     

Two β-amylase genes,OsBAM2 and OsBAM3, are involved in starch remobilization in rice leaf sheaths

To identify mechanisms of starch degradation in rice leaf sheaths at the post-heading stage, we investigated the function of OsBAM2 and OsBAM3, which encode plastid-targeted active β-amylase isoforms, in starch remobilization in leaf sheaths. The starch content in the second leaf sheaths below the flag leaf (the third leaf sheaths) peaked at the flag leaf emergence stage and gradually decreased until 15 days after heading. The mRNA levels of OsBAM2 and OsBAM3 in the third leaf sheaths increased from the flag leaf emergence stage to the heading stage when the starch content began to decrease. However, these mRNA levels did not always remain high during post-heading. Overexpression of OsBAM2 or OsBAM3 markedly repressed starch accumulation in the third leaf sheaths, showing that OsBAM2 and OsBAM3 function in starch degradation in rice leaf sheaths. In contrast, no significant differences in starch content in the third leaf sheaths were detected between knockdown plants of OsBAM2 or OsBAM3 and non-transgenic wild-type plants. Our results suggest that reduced expression of the individual genes, OsBAM2 or OsBAM3, does not result in excess accumulation of starch in the leaf sheaths, probably because of the complementary function of another gene or the action of other genes encoding starch-degrading .     

EGCG纳米粒的制备及其抗肿瘤活性研究

采用热诱导法制备表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯-抗坏血酸-β-乳球蛋白纳米粒（EGCG-Vc-β-Lg）,考察EGCG与Vc摩尔比对纳米粒粒径、Zeta电位、包埋率、装载量、颜色变化的影响;运用噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法和胞质分裂阻滞微核试验（CBMNT）研究纳米粒对人体黑色素瘤细胞（A-375）、食管癌细胞（TE-1）的增殖抑制作用和初步作用机制。结果表明：EGCG-Vc-β-Lg对A-375、TE-1的增殖抑制有增效作用,并且显著提高了其微核率、凋亡率和坏死率。     

水牛乳β-酪蛋白基因多态性与消化性能及抗氧化性能的关联研究

本研究以水牛乳β-酪蛋白(β-CN)基因多态性分析结果为依据,从水牛乳中分离并纯化出具有活性的β-酪蛋白亚型.采用体外消化模型分析其在胃肠道中的消化性能;根据水解液的抗氧化活性来分析生物活性肽的释放.高效液相色谱法(HPLC)结果显示,水牛乳中β-CN有A和B两种等位基因.消化性能结果显示A等位基因更利于β-酪蛋白在肠...     

能量对初情期前母猪卵巢LHR和FSHR mRNA表达的影响

对9头50日龄、体质量为30 kg的初情期前杜×长×大三元杂交母猪进行长期日粮能量差异饲养试验.饲养结束后屠宰,取卵巢液氮保存.半定量RT-PCR检测每头母猪卵巢LH和FSH受体mRNA的含量.结果,高能组卵巢LH和FSH受体mRNA的含量显著高于中能组和低能组(P<0.05);而低能组显著低于中能组和高能组(P<0.05).表明,能量水平高的日粮可以显著地促进初情期前卵巢上LH和FSH受体在mRNA水平的表达,而能量水平不足的日粮则不利于这种表达.本文首次报道了日粮能量水平对母猪卵巢LH和FSH受体mRNA表达的影响.     

β-氨基丁酸诱导水稻穗瘟病抗性效果的比较试验

本文就β-氨基丁酸等4种药剂对水稻穗瘟病进行了诱导抗性的研究,结果表明:BABA与春雷霉素混合施用可以诱导水稻对稻瘟病产生抗性,其防效和8%好米得的相当。     

利用对β-谷甾醇含量的检测鉴别生鲜乳中掺假植物脂肪的研究

本试验建立了气相色谱―质谱法测定生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇的检测方法,由于理论研究表明生鲜乳中的乳脂肪是动物油脂,不应含有或很少含有植物油脂中特有的甾醇β-谷甾醇,因此对多个地区生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇的本底含量进行分析,给出生鲜乳中掺假植物油脂的鉴定方法。用质量比1.25的氢氧化钾水溶液25 mL皂化样品,100 mL维生素C的乙醇溶液作为稳定剂和抗氧化剂,皂化液用石油醚和乙醚萃取,转溶剂至甲苯,离心进样质谱。选用高柱效的60 m DB-5毛细管柱,进样量1 μL,程序升温在35 min内实现β-谷甾醇与其他醇类及杂质的良好分离。选择离子414定量,检出限为0.10 mg/L,线性相关系数r=0.9991。运用该方法对6个地区生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇含量进行检测,结果得到最高值为0.86 mg/L,常见植物油中β-谷甾醇的含量为1～3 g/L。表明生鲜乳中利用植物脂肪代替乳脂肪时,每提高1%植物脂肪将多产生最少相当于本底量12倍的β-谷甾醇,从而判定生鲜乳中是否掺假植物脂肪。     

镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化能力和白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6分布和表达的影响

本试验旨在研究自然霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化能力和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)分布和表达的影响。选择35日龄平均体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪母猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,镰刀菌毒素组饲喂含镰刀菌毒素[玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)0.90 mg/kg;呕吐毒素(DON)1.43mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素(FUM)5.85 mg/kg]的试验饲粮。预试期7d,正试期35d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了断奶仔猪血清和脾脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P0.05),显著升高了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。2)镰刀菌毒素使断奶仔猪脾脏白髓区明显变小,红髓区扩张且出现近圆形小空洞,动脉周围淋巴鞘中淋巴细胞数量较少。3)镰刀菌毒素导致断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6阳性细胞主要集中于白髓边缘,且靠近血窦的地方阳性点更多。4)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著升高了断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6mRNA相对表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中镰刀菌毒素显著影响断奶仔猪血清和脾脏抗氧化能力,并通过改变脾脏IL-1β和IL-6的分布和表达,降低脾脏的免疫功能。     

多粘类芽孢杆菌β-葡萄糖苷酶bglA、bglB和bgl基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

为了有效地提高β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,本实验将多粘类芽孢杆菌(Bacillus polymyxa)β-葡萄糖苷酶bglA、bglB和bgl(bglA和bglB基因)基因分别连接在pET-28a上并在大肠杆菌C41中表达。将这3株重组菌分别命名为EA、EB及共表达菌株EAB,并将构建好的工程菌EA和EB按1∶1,1∶2,2∶1进行混合培养,分别比较单一酶组分、共表达及混合表达菌株的酶活。SDS-PAGE电泳图显示BglA和BglB的大小都为50ku,EA和EB混合培养的蛋白大小也为50ku,Bgl大小为100ku,表明BglA和BglB在体外不能形成蛋白复合物,只有在生物体内才能形成Bgl复合蛋白。酶活测定结果表明共表达Bgl与多粘类芽孢杆菌的酶活差异不显著,但显著高于其他组分酶活(P0.05)。刚果红染色结果也表明Bgl酶活比单一酶组分的酶活明显提高。本实验为纤维素酶多组分人工组装及集成生物工艺菌种的构建奠定实验基础。