水蜈蚣药学研究进展

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对中药水蜈蚣的资源、成分、药理以及临床应用等方面进行了综述,为该中药的深入开发利用提供了资料依据。     

水蜈蚣总多酚提取工艺及其提取物的抗氧化性研究

[目的]研究水蜈蚣总多酚提取工艺及其提取物的抗氧化性能。[方法]采用分光光度法研究乙醇浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间和料液比对水蜈蚣多酚提取率的影响,并用正交试验法对其提取工艺进行优化。[结果]水蜈蚣总多酚最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度80%,浸提温度70℃,浸提时间1.5 h,料液比1∶20。[结论]采用最佳提取工艺提取的水蜈蚣总多酚含量达5.09 mg/g,水蜈蚣提取物对羟基自由基具有一定的清除作用。     

多肉花卉短叶巨象(Gasteria brevifolia)的离体繁殖和种质保存

[目的]探索控制短叶巨象增殖继代次数的方法。[方法]以短叶巨象的单芽为外植体,以MS培养基为基本培养基对其进行离体培养,进而建立短叶巨象无性繁殖体系并在低温环境下长时间保存该离体种质。[结果]接种到诱导培养基上35～40d后,外植体膨大且有愈伤组织形成;在培养基MS＋Kt3．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L和MS＋Kt2．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L中,从膨大的外植体外周长出了小芽。小芽接种到增殖培养基Ms＋Kt3．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L和Ms＋Kt2．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L中约30d后又有新的丛生芽发生。小苗接种到生根培养基上20～30d后,在培养基1／2MS＋NAA1mg／L中生根较粗、较少;在培养基1／2MS＋IBA1mg／L中生根较细、较多。冷藏4个月后的丛生芽的增殖苗及增殖效果与未经冷藏的种苗无明显差异。【结论】该研究为短叶巨象的快速商业化生产和种质保存奠定了技术基础。     

A Method for Estimating Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Leaf Area after Trunk Formation

Abstract

It is important to measure the individual leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) to determine the appropriate planting density and maintain populations that are highly productive with regard to starch production. However, the accurate estimation of sago leaf area from the entire leaf profile or the projecting area of the plant is not possible. Thus, we developed a method for estimating leaf area of sago palm after trunk formationby integrating the leaflet areas. All leaflets were diagrammatically converted to rectangles, each having the same area asthat of the corresponding leaflet, and these rectangles were arranged on the rachis to initiate the shape of a leaf without overlapping leaflets and gaps between their bases and between their tips. The leaf shape thus produced by the arrangement of these rectangles was represented as ellipsoidal in the apical half and as trapezoidal in the basal half. The ratiosof the estimated to the actually measured area of the apical and the basal half of the leaf were 99?107% and 94?108%, respectively. The ratio of the estimated area of the whole leaf to the measured area was 98?104%. From these results, the method for estimating the whole leaf area by converting the leaflets diagrammatically to rectangles, andcalculating the area as the sum of the ellipsoidal apical half and trapezoidal basal half, is considered to be accurate and simple.     

冬季低温对沙漠植物约书亚树幼苗生理生化指标的影响

利用2年生约书亚树(Yucca brevifolia)幼苗进行低温越冬试验,对冻害程度及其生理生化指标进行测定分析.结果表明:随着冻害程度的加重,质膜透性、游离脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量逐渐升高,叶绿素含量SPAD值逐渐降低,其中覆土容器苗的冻害程度最为严重,其质膜透性、游离脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量分别达到了74.869 8%,3.558 3 mg/g和174.886 4 mg/g,SPAD值仅为28.566 7,与对照相比差异均达到极显著水平;林下约书亚树幼苗的MDA含量最高,达到了5.511 5 mmol/g,且与其他处理间存在极显著差异.结合越冬后约书亚树幼苗的冻窖指数及生理生化指标,利用主成分分析法综合评价3种越冬方式下约书亚树幼苗的表现为地窖内防寒越冬效果最好,室外覆土容器苗和林下栽植幼苗冻伤较严重.