运用关联分析定位栽培大豆蛋白11S、7S组分的相关基因位点

大豆贮藏蛋白主要成分是7S和11S球蛋白,大豆贮藏蛋白组分及其亚基组成决定了蛋白质的品质和加工特性。本研究选用134对细胞核SSR标记,对166份栽培大豆微核心种质进行基因分型,运用一般线性回归(general linear model, GLM)和复合线性回归(mixed linear model, MLM)方法进行标记与性状的关联分析,定位大豆蛋白亚基的相关基因。结果表明,2年均检测到的且与蛋白亚基相关联的SSR位点有14个,以MLM方法检测到5个SSR位点(Sat_062、Satt583、Satt291、Satt234和Satt595)与蛋白亚基相关联;7S组分各亚基变异程度较大,是引起11S/7S变异的主要原因;表型变异较大的亚基可能因为相关基因进化中发生重组较多,LD衰减距离较小,导致检测到较少的相关位点。本研究结果对蛋白亚基相关性状的标记辅助选择育种有重要的利用价值。     

Screening and genetic analysis of resistance to peanut stunt virus in soybean: identification of the putative Rpsv1 resistance gene

The peanut stunt virus (PSV) causes yield losses in soybean and reduced seed quality due to seed mottling. The objectives of this study were to determine the phenotypic reactions of soybean germplasms to inoculation with two PSV isolates (PSV-K, PSV-T), the inheritance of PSV resistance in soybean cultivars, and the locus of the PSV resistance gene. We investigated the PSV resistance of 132 soybean cultivars to both PSV isolates; of these, 73 cultivars exhibited resistance to both PSV isolates. Three resistant cultivars (Harosoy, Tsurunotamago 1 and Hyuga) were crossed with the susceptible cultivar Enrei. The crosses were evaluated in the F₁, F₂ and F_2:3 generations for their reactions to inoculation with the two PSV isolates. In an allelism test, we crossed Harosoy and Tsurunotamago 1 with the resistant cultivar Hyuga. The results revealed that PSV resistance in these cultivars is controlled by a single dominant gene at the same locus. We have proposed Rpsv1, as the name of the resistance gene in Hyuga. We also constructed a linkage map using recombinant inbred lines between Hyuga × Enrei using 176 SSR markers. We mapped Rpsv1 near the Satt435 locus on soybean chromosome 7.     

平卧菊三七快繁体系优化研究

本研究在已有分化培养基和生根培养基的基础上,用市售普通白糖替代分析纯蔗糖,并去除部分有机成份,对平卧菊三七的快繁体系进行优化.结果表明：在平卧菊三七的快繁过程中,普通白糖可以替代分析纯蔗糖,且以25g.L-1的白糖增殖系数最高,分化苗健壮、根系发达;有机成份中的肌醇和VB1对不定芽的分化不可缺少;试管苗无须经过炼苗即可移栽.优化后的快繁体系比原体系可节省成本84%,有助于工厂化生产成本的降低.     

主成分分析在大豆“3414”最佳施肥配比试验中的应用

以大豆[Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.]品种安豆7号为研究对象,利用主成分分析法对在3414试验设计下的14个处理水平的9个农艺性状进行分析。结果表明,提取的4个主成分能够解释所有原始性状变异的89.899%,第一主成分贡献率为48.061%,主要代表的是产量因子;第二主成分贡献率为17.083%,主要代表的是底荚高度因子;第三主成分贡献率为13.453%,主要代表的是单株产量及株型因子;第四主成分贡献率为11.302%,主要代表的是大豆高度因子。综合得分前三位的处理是N2P1K1(尿素130.50 kg/hm~2,过磷酸钙150 kg/hm~2,氯化钾25.05 kg/hm~2)、N1P2K1(尿素65.25 kg/hm~2,过磷酸钙300kg/hm~2,氯化钾25.05 kg/hm~2)和N1P1K2(尿素65.25 kg/hm~2,过磷酸钙150 kg/hm~2,氯化钾49.95 kg/hm~2)。     

Race distribution of Phytophthora sojae on soybean in Hyogo, Japan

Since 1987, Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Tanbakuro], caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufman and Gerdemann, has been increasing in the Sasayama, Nishiwaki, and Kasai regions in Hyogo, the most famous soybean (cv. Tanbakuro)-producing areas in Japan. In 2002 to 2004, 51 isolates (one from each field) of P. sojae were recovered from 51 fields in Hyogo. These isolates were tested for virulence on six Japanese differential soybean cultivars used for race determination in Japan, and three additional ones containing four Rps genes used in Indiana, USA. Race E was the most prevalent from 2002 to 2004, followed by races A, C, D, and four new races (proposed as races K, L, M, and N). Interestingly, none of the new races had high virulence on the Japanese differential cultivars, compared with other races in each area. One (race N) was avirulent on all six soybean differentials. There was a difference in race distribution on each of three individual areas; race E seemed to be a major component of the P. sojae population in Sasayama, whereas race A and the new race M were the most prevalent in Nishiwaki and Kasai, respectively. Rps6 (cv. Altona) and Rps1a + Rps7 (cv. Harosoy 63) were infected by 90.2% and 33.3% of all isolates, respectively. However, Rps1d (cv. PI103091) was not susceptible to any of the 51 isolates, nor was cv. Gedenshirazu-1. These two soybean cultivars were considered to be potential sources of resistance to breed new resistant cultivars with the desirable characteristics of cv. Tanbakuro for this region.     

Genistein and Daidzein Concentrations and Contents in Seedling Roots of Three Soybean Cultivars Grown under Three Root Zone Temperatures

Daidzein and genistein are plant-to-bacterium signal compounds involved in soybean nodule formation. They can induce nod gens expression in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The objective of this study was to determine whether the production of signal molecules was affected by low root zone temperatures (RZTs) in a manner that varied among soybean cultivars. Daidzein and genistein concentrations of soybean seedling roots were measured at three RZTs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that daidzein content and concentration per plant were higher at 15 and 17.5°C than those at 25°C. AC Bravor had higher daidzein contents and concentrations than did Maple Glen and KG20. At 17.5°C. KG20 had higher genistein content and concentration levels than Maple Glen, and no difference existed for the two cultivars at 15 and 25 C. Daidzein contents and concentrations of Maple Glen and AC Bravor increased with harvest time. However, for cultivar KG20, the content and concentration decreased at 19 days after inoculation. Genistein contents and concentrations of the three cultivars increased under each RZT up to the last harvest. There was an interaction between soybean cultivar and RZT for root genistein and daidzein contents and concentrations. The content and concentration of daidzein in soybean seedling roots were much higher (more than five times) than those of genistein.     

莲雾黑腐病病原菌的鉴定及其生物学特性研究

通过病害症状观察、分离菌致病性测定,以及分离菌株的形态和培养性状观察、rDNA-ITS序列分析将从莲雾果实上分离到的菌株FJAT-9860鉴定为可可毛色二孢菌Lasiodiplodia theobromae.菌株FJAT-9860在PDA培养基上菌落最初为白色,后逐渐变为灰色到黑色.分生孢子为单细胞,无色透明,椭圆形至圆形.ITS序列分析表明,菌株FJAT-9860与Lasiodi plodia theobromae strain亲缘关系最近,同源性为99％.该菌株最适生长温度为25℃,最适生长pH值为8.0,不同碳源对菌株FJAT-9860的生长影响不同,最佳碳源为甘露醇.     

VAM真菌对大豆幼苗抗旱性的影响

通过盆栽方法研究了干旱胁迫下接种泡囊丛枝菌根真菌(VAM真菌)摩西球囊霉(Glomusmosseae)对大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]幼苗叶片质膜抗氧化系统、叶片渗透调节物质含量及叶片色素含量的影响.结果表明,干旱胁迫下,与未接种VAM真菌相比,接种VAM真菌可以缓解因干旱胁迫造成的大豆叶片内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的下降,显著提高类胡萝卜素含量,缓解游离脯氨酸(Pro)的积累、提高可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量,提高可溶性糖(SG)的转运速度,抑制叶绿素(Chl)的分解.     

沙田柚F-box蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

采用生物信息学方法,对沙田柚[Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merr.cv.Shatian Yu.]F-box蛋白基因编码的蛋白质从序列特征、理化性质、跨膜结构域、高级结构及功能域等方面进行了预测和分析。结果表明,该基因全长为1 427 bp(Gen Bank登录号为KR363148),开放阅读框(ORF)全长为1 101 bp,共编码366个氨基酸,编码蛋白质的分子质量43.09 ku,理论等电点5.15。沙田柚F-box蛋白基因编码蛋白含有一个植物F-box蛋白家族的保守结构域,为亲水性非分泌不稳定蛋白,不跨膜运动,共有30个可能的磷酸化位点。氨基酸序列分析表明,其编码的氨基酸与甜橙(Citrus sinensis,KDO71185)和克莱门柚(Citrus clementina,XP_006425495)F-box蛋白的同源性分别为99%、98%。系统进化树表明,沙田柚F-box蛋白基因与与甜橙(Citrus sinensis,KDO71185)和克莱门柚(Citrus clementina,XP_006425495)亲缘关系很近,属于同一进化分支。     

蟛蜞菊抽提物对花生蚜忌避及毒杀作用

用不同浓度蟛蜞菊甲醇抽提物对花生蚜选择性和非选择性忌避作用进行测定,并采用喷雾法进行蟛蜞菊抽提物对花生蚜的毒杀试验。结果表明:在选择性忌避试验中,蟛蜞菊抽提物对花生蚜具明显的忌避作用,最高忌避率达90.1％,而在非选择性忌避试验中忌避作用中等;2.5 g/L浓度蟛蜞菊抽提物喷雾处理花生蚜,第5天死亡率达93.7％,第1,3,5天致死中质量浓度(LC50)分别为1.4,1.2,0.9 g/L。蟛蜞菊抽提物有开发利用的价值。