广金钱草绿色药材生产基地环境质量评价

[目的]使广西临桂县栽培的广金钱草达到绿色药材的标准。[方法]参照国家环保局《环境检测分析方法》布点采样,对广金钱草规范化种植基地的大气环境、土壤环境和水源质量进行检测。[结果]广西临桂县中庸乡宛田村广金钱草种植基地大气质量达到GB3095-1996一级标准,水源质量达GB5084-92标准,土壤环境达GB15618-1995二级标准。[结论]广西临桂县中庸乡宛田村广金钱草种植基地环境质量良好,各生态条件适合广金钱草生长,符合药用植物绿色出口生产基地行业标准（YB-T-1-2003）的要求。     

Effect of Inoculant Rate on Nodulation and Various Agronomic Traits of Soybean

In a soil lacking indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum , soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) nodulation depends upon the number of rhizobia applied with the inoculum. This field study reports the effect of different rates of applied rhizobia on nodulation, dry matter and nitrogen content in soybean in a Mediterranean soil lacking B. japonicum.
Treatments included six rates of B. japonicum , ranging from 2.5 × 10⁴ to 6.075 × 10⁶ rhizobia cells per seed applied to the seed as peat inoculant at planting, 100 kg N ha⁻¹ and an uninoculated control. The experiment was conducted in an Entisol soil. Regression analysis showed linear relationship between the rate of applied rhizobia and the number of the nodules per plant or the dry weight per nodule. In early stages of development (32 and 68 days after planting) plant dry weight was not affected by inoculation rate. At harvest a rate of 7.5 × 10⁴ rhizobia cells per seed was necessary for maximum total and stover dry weight. A higher rate, 6.75 × 10⁵ rhizobia cells per seed, was required to obtain maximum grain yield, total N content in plant tops and grain N content. Grain percentage N was increased up to 2.025 × 10⁶ rhizobia cells per seed. Nitrogen application increased grain yield, total N content and grain N content at the same level as the lower inoculation rate.     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

大豆室内耐冷筛选及其在田间的应用研究

本试验把生长箱大豆耐低温萌发筛选与田间早春播研究相结合,验证耐低温发芽的可靠性。在实验室,萌发期表现抗冷的大豆,田间出昔期仍表现抗冷或较抗冷。实验表明,大豆出苗的生物学最低温度平均为7.1℃,所需有效积温136℃。地温的高低直接影响大豆早春出苗的多寡,两者呈密切的正相关。黄、青、黑豆中,以黑豆抵抗早春不良气候条件的能力最强。     

中国栽培和野生大豆农艺及品质性状与SSR标记的关联分析 II. 优异等位变异的发掘

在前文研究已检出与农艺品质性状显著关联的SSR位点的基础上, 本文进一步对与性状关联位点的等位变异作解析, 通过将携带某等位变异的所有材料表型均值与携带无效等位基因(null allele)材料表型均值做比较, 估计等位变异的潜在表型效应增量(减量), 进一步利用该信息估计位点增效(减效)等位变异的平均效应, 鉴别出一批农艺品质性状优异位点、等位变异及携带优异等位变异的载体材料。发现在栽培及野生种质中检出的优异等位变异有同、有异、有互补性。发现关联位点正、负效应等位变异均值间有差异, 可根据育种目标性状选择要求, 选取适合的位点及相应等位变异。同一标记位点可与多性状关联, 其等位变异在不同性状间各有其表型效应的方向和大小; 等位变异在相关性状效应上方向、大小的异同解释了性状间正、负相关的遗传原因。关联作图得到的信息可以弥补家系连锁法QTL定位信息的不足, 并直接利用等位变异信息进行亲本选拔、组合选配及后代等位条带辅助选择以提高育种成效。     

大豆腺苷酸激酶基因GmADK的克隆与表达分析

腺苷酸激酶(adenylate kinase,ADK)催化ATP+AMP⇔2ADP的可逆反应,是维持细胞能量动态平衡的关键酶,在植物中参与调节生长发育和逆境应答等过程。目前有关大豆ADK的研究还未见报道。本文通过RT-PCR方法,从耐盐大豆品种南农1138-2的叶中克隆到一个腺苷酸激酶基因,命名为GmADK。GmADK的编码区序列(coding DNA sequence, CDS)长804 bp,编码267个氨基酸。预测其蛋白结构含有典型的腺苷酸激酶功能域ATP-AMP(Ap5A)结合位点和AMP结合位点。蛋白序列比对和进化树分析表明,大豆与菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)和蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)中的ADK序列相似性最高,亲缘关系最近。组织表达显示GmADK基因的表达量在大豆叶和根中高于茎中。荧光定量PCR分析表明GmADK的表达受盐胁迫的调节,且在耐盐(南农1138-2)和盐敏感(科丰1号)品种间存在差异。在叶和根中, 200 mmol L^–1 NaCl处理6、12和24 h后,GmADK的表达量在盐敏感品种中比未处理对照有所降低,但在耐盐品种中却比未处理对照升高,因此推测GmADK可能参与大豆对盐胁迫的响应。     

葎草中多糖微波提取工艺研究

采用单因素和正交实验法,以葎草多糖提取率为考察指标,对葎草叶中多糖的提取条件进行优化。结果表明,葎草叶中多糖的微波提取工艺中各因素影响程度为：液料比〉微波时间〉微波功率,葎草叶中多糖成分提取的最适宜工艺为：液料比40∶1,微波功率：425 W,微波时间：90 s。微波提取葎草叶中多糖,所需时间短、提取率高,多糖提取率达12.3556%。     

Effect of inoculum,variety, nitrogen,phosphorus, and potassium on yield,protein and oil content of soybeans at jabalpur,M.P. India

Abstract

Regardless of inoculum or fertility rate Bragg outyielded Clark 63 soybeans. Yields of Bragg and Clark 63 were increased about 1000 kg per ha by treatment with inoculum at the rate of approximately 313, 000 bacteria per seed. At the highest rate of applied N, yields of uninoculated soybeans, were lower than the inoculated soybeans at the lowest applied N rate. Phosphorus fertilizer increased yields at a decreasing rate and yields were decreased at the highest rate of applied P. Potassium fertilizer had a negative effect on soybean yields and did not significantly effect the protein or oil content of soybean seed. With increasing P fertilizer rates, there was a decrease in oil content and in increase in protein content of soybean seed.     

Evaluation of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) on early maturing soybeans

Abstract

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) appears to be a more sensitive tool in the early detection of mineral deficiency in soybeans (Glvcine max. L.) than the sufficiency range approach. A small data bank based on information collected in a survey over a two‐year period on early maturing soybeans grown in Quebec was used to calculate new modified DRIS norms. Remedial measures predicted by DRIS gave greater yield increases than those with the sufficiency range approach. Regional deviation in norms were identified and were more important with ? related ratios     

不同pH,温度和水分胁迫对栾树SOD影响

经实验测定：栾树超氧化物岐化酶最适ｐＨ值为５．５；最适温度为４２℃；在受水分胁迫过程中，０～２．５ｈＳＯＤ活性较强，之后呈下降态势，２４ｈ后活性变化较缓