室温和低温贮藏沙田柚果实的有机酸含量变化

【目的】研究沙田柚果实贮藏过程中的有机酸代谢及变化规律,为采后沙田柚品质保持及贮藏方式选择提供参考依据。【方法】采用高效液相色谱仪测定室温和4℃低温贮藏1~75 d沙田柚果实的柠檬酸、苹果酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、乌头酸和延胡索酸含量。【结果】沙田柚果实的有机酸中,以柠檬酸含量最高,苹果酸含量次之,草酸、酒石酸及琥珀酸含量较低,乌头酸和延胡索酸含量为微量。室温贮藏条件下,沙田柚果实的柠檬酸含量在贮藏前期略有下降,贮藏15 d开始上升,贮藏60 d后下降;琥珀酸、乌头酸和延胡索酸含量变化趋势与柠檬酸基本相同,但出现峰值时间不同;苹果酸含量变化趋势与柠檬酸相反;草酸含量在贮藏前期上升,后期下降;酒石酸含量在贮藏前期略有下降,然后上升,60 d后下降。低温贮藏条件下,沙田柚果实的有机酸含量变化趋势与室温贮藏基本一致,但柠檬酸、草酸和延胡索酸含量低于室温贮藏,苹果酸和琥珀酸含量高于室温贮藏。【结论】沙田柚果实贮藏过程中有机酸含量变化受贮藏温度影响较小,室温贮藏沙田柚果实的总有机酸含量能维持在较高水平波动,对果实品质无明显影响。     

大豆质膜内在水孔蛋白的生物学功能预测

[目的]利用生物信息学方法对大豆质膜内在水孔蛋白（GrnPIP）的亚细胞定位、跨膜区、信号肽和磷酸化住点进行预测,为基因的功能研究提供参考。[方法]从干旱胁迫后磊抗旱大豆品种21的叶片中克隆出GmPIP基因．利用PSLpced、Protcomp Version8．0、WoLF PSORT、CELLO v2．5等亚细胞预测工具进行亚细胞定位预测;利用TMHMM Serverv．2．0进行蛋白跨膜区分析;利用NetPhos 2．0 Server进行磷酸化位点分析;利用SignaIP3．0 Server程序进行信号肽分析。[结果]综合4种工具的预测结果表明,GmPIP蛋白包含6个跨膜区,亚细胞定位预测表明该蛋白位于细胞质膜上,发现该蛋白的第254个氧基酸是一个潜在的糖基化位点和13个磷酸化位点,该蛋白没有明显的信号肽结构。[结论]利用不同方法进行的生物信息学分析结果可相互验证,生物信息学可以对未知蛋白进行初步的功能预测．有助于确定后续试验的方向．     

Pb、Zn等重金属对樟树、栾树幼苗生长的影响

城市绿化植物是城市污染环境重要的修复者、指示者及受害者,研究南方常见绿化树种樟树、栾树对主要重金属污染物Pb、Zn等的适应性反应,有利于绿化树种的重金属污染诊断及城市环境的修复与评价。通过育苗基质在不同程度的重金属胁迫条件下,进行室内容器育苗试验,利用Cu、Pb、Zn 3种重金属的不同浓度溶液处理樟树、栾树幼苗,探讨重金属对樟树和栾树幼苗生长初期的影响。结果表明:低浓度重金属对樟树、栾树幼苗生长没有明显伤害,甚至促进生长,高浓度导致幼株长势衰弱,叶片发黄枯萎,生长量下降,侧须根生长受阻,幼苗生长缓慢,甚至死亡;3种重金属对苗高的抑制作用大于对地径的抑制作用,对根系生长的抑制作用铅高于铜和锌;樟树和栾树对重金属污染的反应不一致,樟树属慢反应、迟钝型树种,栾树属快反应、敏感型树种。     

Inheritance of resistance in soybean PI 567516C to LY1 nematode population infecting cv. Hartwig

Worldwide, cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines is the most destructive pathogen on cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In the USA yield losses in 2001 were estimated to be nearly 60 million dollars. Crop losses are primarily reduced by the use of resistant cultivars. Nematode populations are variable and have adapted to reproduce on resistant cultivars overtime because resistance primarily traces to two soybean accessions. Recently cv. Hartwig was released which has comprehensive resistance to most SCN populations. A virulent nematode population LY1 was recently selected for its reproduction on Hartwig. LY1 population originated from a mass mating of Race 2 (HG Type 1.2.5-) females with Race 5 (HG Type 1.2-) males. LY1 nematode population infects currently known sources of resistance except PI 567516C. The female indices obtained on PI 567516C and Hartwig were 7% (resistant) and 155% (susceptible), respectively. However, the genetic basis of LY1 resistance in soybean PI 567516C is not known. Resistant PI line 567516C was crossed to susceptible cultivar Hartwig to generate 105 F_2:5 families. These families together with parents, seven indicator lines and a susceptible control cv. Lee-74 were evaluated for response to LY1 nematode population in the greenhouse. Chi-square analysis showed resistance in PI567516C to LY1 was conditioned by one dominant and two recessive genes (Rhg, rhg, rhg). Chi-square value was 0.15 and P = 0.70. This information will be useful to soybean researchers for developing resistant cultivars to nematode population that infects Hartwig.     

DM130大孔吸附树脂富集葎草中总黄酮的工艺研究

[目的]研究DM130大孔吸附树脂纯化葎草总黄酮工艺并采用梯度洗脱HPLC法测定各洗脱组分中牡荆素、木犀草素和大波斯菊苷的含量。[方法]通过单因素分析考察DM130大孔吸附树脂分离、纯化葎草总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。HPLC检测波长为350 nm,流速1 ml/min,温度25℃,色谱柱为Hanbon Kromasil C_8色谱柱（250.0 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm）,流动相A为水相（甲醇：水：甲酸=30：70：0.1）,流动相B为有机相（0.1%甲酸甲醇,即每100 ml甲醇含0.1 ml甲酸）。[结果]DM130树脂具体工艺条件为控制上样浓度0.2mg/ml,流速2.0 BV/h,上样液pH值为6,洗脱用水4.0 BV,50%乙醇共3.5 BV进行洗脱,洗脱流速2.0 BV/h;牡荆素进样浓度在0.16～20.00μg/ml,大波斯菊苷进样浓度在0.16～20.00μg/ml,木犀草素进样浓度在0.40～50.00μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。[结论]DM130型树脂在此工艺条件下,纯化葎草总黄酮效果良好,总黄酮回收率可达近88%,各洗脱组分中牡荆素、木犀草素、大波斯菊苷含量不同。     

Behaviour of the Root Nodules in Soybean in the Presence of Nitrogen: The Use of a Statistical Simulation Model

Two varieties of soybean were grown in large pots out of doors. At the R2 stage, a state of temporary root anoxia appeared caused by a heavy rainfall and in R3, nitrogen was applied. The nitrogenase activity of the nodules was measured at weekly intervals (ARA test).
During the vegetative stage, the number of nodules and their weight increased rapidly, although the anoxia caused a slowing down followed by a recovery in the successive stages (R3–5). The same effect was apparent in consequence of a late nitrogen fertilization; both varieties attaining values close to those of the control 15 days after the treatment. Nitrogenase activity also showed an inhibition caused by the anoxia but it appeared earlier. During the latest stages of the cycle (R6–7), the nitrogen treatment increased the rate of nitrogen fixation in Hodgson 78 only. The use of a multiple regression model allowed a verification that the parameters controlling nitrogen fixation acted in a similar way in both varieties. In the field, the weight of the nodules, both single and total, appeared to be particularly important in determining the total nitrogen fixation rate.     

大豆资源的筛豆龟蝽[Megacopta cribraria (Fabricius) ]抗性鉴定

在观察筛豆龟蝽发生情况及其在大豆上的危害特征基础上,比较了田间自然危害条件下各种抗性鉴定指标,以茎枝黑霉程度结合叶片紫斑数为抗性分级指标鉴定了国内外大批资源,筛选出58份抗、感食叶性害虫的大豆材料,其筛豆龟蝽抗性结果表明,品种间、观察日期间和区组间都有极显著差异,品种×观察日期互作也极显著,最终筛选出PI227687、安陆小黄豆、花柒黄毛豆、沔阳白毛豆等高抗种质,并提出了一套鉴定方法和指标。     

Systemic Effect of a Brassinosteroid on Root Nodule Formation in Soybean as Revealed by the Application of Brassinolide and Brassinazole

Leguminous plants form nitrogen-fixing root nodules and the number of nodules is controlled by a self-regulating mechanism called autoregulation. However, signaling substances involved in nodule regulation have not been identified. In the present study, we used brassinolide, a most effective molecular species of plant hormone brassinosteroids, and brassinazole, an effective inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis to determine whether brassinolide played a role in systemic regulation of noduel formation in wild type soybean and its super-nodulating mutant. Foliar application or direct injection of brassinolide into the root base inhibited nodule formation and root development in the super-nodulating mutant (En6500), but not in the parent line (cv. Enrei). The internodes in the plants subjected to foliar application were significantly longer than those in the untreated plants. In contrast, the application of brassinazole on mature leaves or into the culture media resulted in the increase of the nodule number in Enrei. These treatments also inhibited internodal growth in Enrei. The results indicate that brassinosteroids may regulate the nodule number in soybean plants. The function of brassinosteroids for the systemic regulation of nodule formation was examined.     

Genetic Analysis of Embryo, Cytoplasm and Maternal Effects and Their Environment Interactions for Isoflavone Content in Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.]

Soybean seed products contain isoflavones （genistein, daidzein, and glycitein） that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment （GE） interaction effects for the isoflavone content （IC） of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability （65.73%） was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability （25.87%） and cytoplasmic heritability （8.39%）. Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.