菠萝DNA提取方法的研究

采用石英沙代替液氮,用SDS法和CTAB法提取菠萝的DNA。结果表明,SDS法所提取DNA的平均OD值为1.704,提取率为2.098μg/g;CTAB法所提取DNA的平均OD值为1.498,提取率为1.412μg/g。SDS法和CTAB法所提取的DNA都可用作RAPD分析。     

黄山栾树的研究现状及展望

现通过对黄山栾树的播种繁殖、芽苗移栽技术、种子脂肪分析、果实中维生素含量、叶中具有清除自由基活性能力的物质的分离和制备、体细胞胚的发生和组织学观察等方面研究的综述,试提出应加强对黄山栾树的生物学特性、园林应用、新品种选育等几个方面的研究.     

天门冬组织培养条件的优化

以天门冬(Asparagus cochinchinensis)幼嫩茎段为外植体,考察1 g/L HgCl2灭菌时间对外植体的消毒效果,以及激素浓度组合对外植体愈伤组织、不定芽的诱导和不定芽生根的影响.结果表明,1 g/L HgCl2处理7 min,外植体褐化率和污染率较低;MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L KT培养基中的愈伤组织诱导率最高,且生长势最强,MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L KT培养基中的出芽率最高;1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L IBA培养基中生根率最高,可达76％.     

超声波辅助提取木棉花多糖

利用超声波辅助提取木棉[ Gossampinus malabarica (Dc.) Merr.]花多糖,先考察了不同科液比、超声波功率、提取时间、提取温度和提取次数对木棉花多糖提取率的影响,然后利用正交试验优化木棉花多糖的提取工艺,并对结果进行分析.结果显示,木棉花多糖最佳提取工艺参数为,料水质量比1∶60、提取温度60℃、超声波功率250W、提取时间20 min、提取2次.     

庐山楼梯草总黄酮提取工艺的优化

为研究庐山楼梯草(Elatostema stewardii Merr.)总黄酮的提取工艺,以乙醇溶液为溶剂,在单因素试验基础上利用响应曲面法的中心组合设计,对庐山楼梯草总黄酮提取工艺参数进行优化分析.结果表明,提取庐山楼梯草总黄酮的最优工艺条件为乙醇体积分数55％、提取温度80℃、液料比37∶1 (V/m,mL∶g)、提取时间2.4 h、提取2次,该条件下庐山楼梯草总黄酮提取率为5.14％.     

Effects on flowering and seed yield of dominant alleles at maturity loci E2 and E3 in a Japanese cultivar,Enrei

‘Enrei’ is the second leading variety of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Japan. Its cultivation area is mainly restricted to the Hokuriku region. In order to expand the adaptability of ‘Enrei’, we developed two near-isogenic lines (NILs) of ‘Enrei’ for the dominant alleles controlling late flowering at the maturity loci, E2 and E3, by backcrossing with marker-assisted selection. The resultant NILs and the original variety were evaluated for flowering, maturity, seed productivity and other agronomic traits in five different locations. Expectedly, NILs with E2 or E3 alleles flowered later than the original variety in most locations. These NILs produced comparatively larger plants in all locations. Seed yields were improved by E2 and E3 in the southern location or in late-sowing conditions, whereas the NIL for E2 exhibited almost the same or lower productivity in the northern locations due to higher degrees of lodging. Seed quality-related traits, such as 100-seed weight and protein content, were not significantly different between the original variety and its NILs. These results suggest that the modification of genotypes at maturity loci provides new varieties that are adaptive to environments of different latitudes while retaining almost the same seed quality as that of the original.     

福建紫薇扦插基质配方灰色关联分析

以泥炭土、黄心土、细砂和珍珠岩为基质成分,设计了14种不同的配方,应用灰色关联分析方法探讨不同基质配方与福建紫薇扦插生根效果的关系。结果表明,不同基质配方的生根效果有显著的差异,以泥炭土(33.3%)+黄心土(33.3%)+细砂(33.3%)生根效果最好,生根率达89.3%。灰色关联分析表明,泥炭土有利于提高福建紫薇扦插生根率,细砂有利于增加扦插生根条数,黄心土有利于提高扦插生根长度。     

Leaf Temperature and Transpiration of Field Grown Cotton and Soybean under Arid and Humid Conditions

Abstract

Abstract : Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were grown under arid (Urumqi, Xinjiang, China) and humid (Matsudo, Chiba, Japan) conditions to analyze their abilities to adapt to arid conditions in terms of transpiration, leaf movement and leaf temperature. Under the arid condition, the leaf temperature of the cotton cultivars was higher than that of the soybean cultivar and the air temperature. There was no significant difference in leaf temperature among the cotton and soybean cultivars under the humid condition. The flow rate of stem sap in the cotton cultivars under the arid condition was always higher than that in the soybean cultivar, and was largely affected by vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Under the humid condition, however, the flow rates of stem sap were lower in the cotton cultivars than in the soybean cultivars. These results indicate that cotton can avoid heat stress by the high transpiring ability possibly supported by well-developed root systems, which leads to higher drought resistance under the arid condition. Soybean would adapt to arid conditions by the combination of paraheliotropic leaf movement and reduced transpiration.     

High Yielding Performance of Soybean in Northern Xinjiang,China

Abstract

The experimental site (Shihezi, Xinjiang, China) is located in an arid area of central Asia with abundant solar radiation of almost 10 daily sunshine hours from April to September. The yield potential in this area appears to be high if sufficient water is supplied. The yields of five soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars including three semi-indeterminate Chinese cultivars (Shidadou 1, Xindadou 1 and Suinong 11) and two determinate Japanese cultivars (Toyomusume and Toyokomachi) were evaluated over three years. These cultivars were grown under drip irrigation, a high planting density (22.2 plants m^-2) and heavy applications of farmyard manure (15 t ha^-1). Each cultivar showed a high leaf area index (LAI). In particular, the maximum LAI was greater than 7 over the three years in Shidadou 1 and Toyokomachi. The three Chinese cultivars with a high plant height had a low LAI in the upper layers of the canopy, but the two Japanese cultivars with a short plant height had a higher LAI in the middle or upper layers. Toyokomachi and Shidadou 1 had the highest seed yield, followed by Toyomusume. In particular, the seed yield of Toyokomachi was as high as 8.67 t ha^-1 on the average of the three years. These high-yielding cultivars had more than 60 pods per plant (1350 m^-2). The high yields in this experiment could be due to the large amount of intercepted radiation owing to the high LAI and abundant solar radiation, frequent and sufficient irrigation by the drip irrigation, and large number of pods as a sink.     

显脉金花茶叶的化学成分研究

[目的]利用现代化学技术分析显脉金花茶叶的化学成分。[方法]用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯萃取经乙醇浸提得到的显脉金花荼总浸膏,通过薄层硅胶柱分离、薄层色谱（TLC）鉴别,重结晶得到7种单体化合物,利用各种光谱技术和理化性质进行结构鉴定。[结果]鉴定出其中7个化合物的结构,包括甾醇类2个,三萜类化合物3个,脂肪醇类1个,黄酮类化合物1个,分别为β-谷甾醇、α-菠菜甾醇、伊香树素、齐墩果酸、olibanumol—L、正三十四醇和山奈酚。[结论]α-菠菜甾醇、正三十四醇和olibanumol—L均为首次从该种植物中鉴定出来,β-香树素和山奈酚为首次从该属植物中分离鉴定出来。