大豆籽粒贮藏蛋白11S/7S比值与生态因子相关关系的研究

 2001～2002年在河南省夏大豆主产区的5个试点，以豫豆25号为材料分13期播种，将109个大豆样本的11S/7S比值与气象、土壤养分和海拔、纬度等29个生态因子进行了逐步回归统计分析。结果表明，6个生态因子与大豆11S/7S比值密切相关。并明确了在夏大豆鼓粒成熟期较低的昼夜温差有利于提高11S/7S比值，鼓粒成熟期日照时数与11S/7S比值呈二次曲线关系，当日照时数在110.8 h时，11S/7S比值最小，当日照时数在459.2h时，11S/7S比值最大；在幼苗期较高的均温和较小的昼夜温差有利于提高11S/7S比值；分枝期较大的昼夜温差利于提高11S/7S比值；土壤中钾含量与11S/7S比值呈二次曲线关系，较低的土壤钾含量有利于11S/7S比值的提高，当土壤钾含量在1.32%时，11S/7S比值最小, 当土壤钾含量在0.83%时，11S/7S比值最大。在本试验研究范围内，其它生态因子对大豆11S/7S比值无显著影响。     

4种绿化树种根系分泌物中的化学成分分析

【目的】研究我国南方4种常见绿化树种根系分泌物组分及各组分含量的差异,为城市绿化树种的选择和污染土壤的植物修复与治理提供研究数据。【方法】选取栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)、紫玉兰(Magnolia liliiflora)、樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)4种常用绿化树种为试验材料,对其根系分泌物进行GC-MS分析,同时对根系分泌物中的总碳(TC)和总氮(TN)质量浓度进行测定。【结果】植物根系分泌物中检测到的成分数量依次为紫玉兰(35种)、桂花(16种)、栾树(15种)、樟树(7种),4种绿化树种根系分泌物成分主要包括烷烃、苯酚、烯烃、醛、酯、酮、醚、呋喃、胺肟、吡啶、咔唑、喹啉、有机酸、氨基酸等(按类型分),相对含量较高的为酚醛和烷烃类,其中栾树、紫玉兰、樟树、桂花根系分泌物中酚醛类相对含量分别为20.22%,13.61%,41.94%和42.07%,烷烃类相对含量分别为56.65%,7.77%,37.29%和33.13%。有5种化合物(二十烷、二十三烷、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基)苯酚、3-羧胺吡啶-N-(2-三氟甲苯基)胺肟、8-羟基-2-甲醛喹啉)在4种绿化树种的根系分泌物中均可检测到;有2种化合物(二十一烷、二十四烷)在栾树、紫玉兰、桂花根系分泌物中均可检测到;顺-14-二十九烯烃在栾树、樟树、桂花根系分泌物中均可检测到。4种绿化树种根系分泌物中TC质量浓度依次为:栾树(28.78mg/L)紫玉兰(24.15mg/L)桂花(8.58 mg/L)樟树(7.98 mg/L);TN质量浓度依次为:栾树(6.65 mg/L)樟树(5.55mg/L)紫玉兰(0.98mg/L)桂花(0.76mg/L)。【结论】不同绿化树种根系分泌物中化合物种类及类型存在差异。     

Characteristics of Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in the Improved Supernodulating Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Cultivar ‘Sakukei 4’

Abstract

Supernodulating soybean lines have more than several times as many nodules as normal cultivars. They are expected to have high nitrogen-fixing ability and enhanced productivity, but their yields have been inferior to those of normal genotypes. We have recently developed a new supernodulating cultivar,‘Sakukei 4’(formerly ‘En-b0-1-2’, presently‘Kanto 100’), with improved growth and yield. The objective of the present study was to identify the characteristics of the nodulation and nitrogen-fixing ability of Sakukei 4. In pot trials, the nodule number of Sakukei 4 was 8.3 times that of a normal cultivar,‘Enrei’, and the nodule weight per plant was 2.3 to 2.8 times the value for Enrei. The acetylene reduction activity per plant in Sakukei 4 was higher than that in Enrei and conventional supernodulating genotypes, especially during the late growth stage. Compared with conventional supernodulating lines, the improved vegetative growth in shoots and roots of Sakukei 4, especially after flowering, probably enhanced its nitrogen-fixing ability per plant. We consider that its high nitrogen-fixing ability at the seed-filling stage, would help increase its yield in fields with low nitrogen fertility.     

植酸酶根特异表达载体的构建及大豆转化

应用PCR方法分别从胡萝卜基因组中扩增出96bp的外展蛋白信号肽编码序列片段,从拟南芥基因组中扩增出1454bp的pyk10启动子片段,用RT-PCR方法从无花果曲霉（Aspergillus ficuum3.4322）中扩增出phyA基因,长1347bp。然后,分别克隆到pMD18-T载体。应用已设计的限制酶切位点,通...     

白簕叶乙醇提取物对杨桃贮藏生理和品质的影响

通过测定杨桃(Averrhoa carambola L.)果实贮藏期间的生理指标(质膜相对透性、呼吸强度、POD、PPO和PAL活性)和营养品质(维生素C、可溶性固形物、有机酸、蛋白质含量)的相关指标,分析其变化规律,研究白簕[Acanthopanan trifoliatus(L.)Merr.]叶乙醇提取物对杨桃果实采后保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,白簕叶乙醇提取物能够抑制杨桃果实的呼吸速率,使果实保持较低的代谢水平,降低果实的质膜相对透性,并有效地抑制杨桃果实POD、PPO的活性,提高PAL的活性,有利于延长贮藏期限和保持杨桃果实原有的风味和品质。     

苗药百尾参营养元素N、P、K吸收特性初探

[目的]研究苗药百尾参营养元素N、P、K吸收特性,为百尾参野生变家种施肥技术提供理论依据.[方法]分别在百尾参第1年和第2年生长期定期取样,分析百尾参地上部分与地下部分的N、P、K含量,并进行相关性分析.[结果]百尾参不同时间、不同部位的养分含量不同,地上部分整体含量大于地下部分.最大吸收时间为第1年8月和第2年5月.整株吸收量第1年N＞K＞P;第2年K＞N＞P;各营养元素含量之间呈显著相关;第1年N、P、K累积吸收比为1.00∶0.04∶0.80,第2年为1.00∶0.38∶1.79.[结论]每生产100 kg干百尾参约需吸收N为7.65 kg、P2O5为1.54 kg、K2O为6.25kg.建议施肥时间为第1年8月之前和第2年5月之前;收获百尾参时间应该在第2年10月底以后.     

Thermoelectric module cooling for photosynthesis chambers in plant nutrition studies 1

The water cooled system for controlling air temperature in photosynthesis assimilation chamber is cumbersome and requires a water tight system consisting of a double‐jacketed chamber. Manipulation of temperature control from one air temperature to another requires the adjustment of water bath temperatures. A simplified system for the air temperature control of the assimilation chamber and heat removal under high photon flux density would be desirable. An effective thermoelectric module cooling and heating system for a photosynthesis chamber was developed and evaluated for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Air temperature variations within a chamber were maintained within 0.4°C, 0.9°C, and 0.3°C for the wheat, sorghum, and soybean chambers, respectively. The thermoelectric module system is simple and provides sufficient cooling and heating capacities to maintain chamber air temperature from 20°C to 30°C with 1100 μmol m^‐2 s^‐1 photon flux density for photosynthesis and dark respiration studies.

Air temperature within a photosynthesis chamber during photosynthesis in plant nutrition studies is one of the important environmental parameters that must be controlled. Due to excessive heat under the relatively high photon flux density used in photosynthesis measurements, air temperature has been traditionally cooled and controlled by passing chilled water through double walled water‐jacket chambers^{3,5,7,8,12,13}. Although the water cooled double‐jacket system has been successful in controlling temperature, maintaining water tight systems has been a problem. To alleviate some of the problems of a double‐jacketed system, air was cooled by passing over a water‐cooled radiator placed below the leaf^4,11 . Under conditions of relatively high photon flux densities (1100 ymol m^‐2 s^‐1), water‐cooled systems do not provide sufficient cooling capacity to maintain 25°C or less air temperature. Mauney, et al.⁶ reported photosynthetic data obtained from cuvettes that were electrically cooled by the Peltier device, but no details of the system were provided. In later studies^9,10,14, Peltier‐cooled systems appeared as a simple alternative to water‐cooled systems. This paper reports the details on an effective thermoelectric module cooling and heating system based on the Peltier principle for photosynthesis chambers.     

钟冠唇柱苣苔组织培养研究

为了筛选出适合钟冠唇柱苣苔[Chirita swinglei (Merr.) W.T.Wang]不定芽诱导、分化和生根的培养体系,以其嫩叶为材料,在不同培养条件下进行了组织培养研究.结果表明,用体积分数为75％的乙醇灭菌20 s,再用1g/L HgCl2浸泡7 min为最佳的外植体灭菌方法;MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L为不定芽诱导的最适培养基;MS+6-BA 0.3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L为不定芽分化的最适培养基;1/2MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+活性炭1 g/L为最适的生根培养基.     

菠萝果实发育过程中糖积累与其代谢酶的关系

以菠萝[Ananas comosus(L.)Merr.]"巴厘"和"台农11号"两个品种为试验材料,测定不同发育时期果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶--酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖积累与酶活性的关系进行分析.结果表明:2个品种果实中糖积累动态十分相似,即果实发育前期,糖积累缓慢;进入成熟期,蔗糖迅速积累,而己糖"巴厘"果实中前期变化较少,后期稍有积累,"台农11号"果实中前期稍有积累,后期基本不变.2个品种果实中蔗糖含量与SS和SPS活性相关系数分别达到正的显著或极显著水平,NI活性与2个品种果实中蔗糖含量呈极显著负相关,蔗糖含量与AJ的活性相关性品种间差异明显.     

Pb、Zn等重金属对樟树、栾树幼苗生长的影响

城市绿化植物是城市污染环境重要的修复者、指示者及受害者,研究南方常见绿化树种樟树、栾树对主要重金属污染物Pb、Zn等的适应性反应,有利于绿化树种的重金属污染诊断及城市环境的修复与评价。通过育苗基质在不同程度的重金属胁迫条件下,进行室内容器育苗试验,利用Cu、Pb、Zn 3种重金属的不同浓度溶液处理樟树、栾树幼苗,探讨重金属对樟树和栾树幼苗生长初期的影响。结果表明:低浓度重金属对樟树、栾树幼苗生长没有明显伤害,甚至促进生长,高浓度导致幼株长势衰弱,叶片发黄枯萎,生长量下降,侧须根生长受阻,幼苗生长缓慢,甚至死亡;3种重金属对苗高的抑制作用大于对地径的抑制作用,对根系生长的抑制作用铅高于铜和锌;樟树和栾树对重金属污染的反应不一致,樟树属慢反应、迟钝型树种,栾树属快反应、敏感型树种。