几种植物材料中总RNA的提取

用改良前后的异硫氰酸胍一步法、Trizol法和CTAB-异硫氰酸胍法,从多糖和色素较少的豌豆、水稻、构树和华南蕨绿叶,色素较多的红绒球、蟛蜞菊和红背桂花叶,以及富含多糖的香蕉果肉等几种植物材料中提取RNA。发现一步法对豌豆、水稻和蟛蜞菊叶片总RNA的提取均有很好的效果。Trizol法也有好的效果,但如果提取缓冲液的pH达6．0,提取的RNA便有DNA的污染,且该污染随pH增加而增加。对于富含多糖的香蕉果肉,一步法和CTAB异硫氰酸胍法的效果均不理想;改良后的一步法中增加了乙醚去除多糖并获得了较好的效果。本文还提出了判断RNA的质量的标准。     

亚临界丁烷萃取丁香挥发油的工艺优化

以丁香为材料,对亚临界丁烷萃取丁香挥发油成分的工艺进行了优化,并采用GC-MS法对比分析了超临界CO_2萃取法与亚临界丁烷萃取法获得的丁香挥发油成分。结果表明:亚临界丁烷萃取丁香挥发油的最佳工艺条件为萃取时间60 min,萃取温度40℃,萃取次数3次,在此条件下丁香挥发油的得率为18.65%,与超临界CO_2萃取(SCF)得到的丁香挥发油相比得率相当,主要成分及含量差异小。这表明亚临界丁烷适用于丁香挥发油的高效萃取。     

野生大豆(Glycine soja)YD63和栽培大豆(Glycine max)ZD19茎秆解剖结构比较解析

以野生大豆YD63和栽培大豆ZD19为研究对象,通过组织化学方法观察茎秆解剖结构的差异,并进一步分析和阐述这些解剖结构与功能和环境适应性间的关系,旨在为大豆抗逆性研究提供解剖学依据。结果表明：1）野生大豆表皮毛和腺毛多于栽培大豆,且角质层厚度、表皮厚度和表皮比例均大于栽培大豆,表皮和外皮层细胞的木质化和木栓化程度也高于栽培大豆;2）野生大豆皮层、韧皮部、木薄壁组织和髓的比例均大于栽培大豆,茎秆机械强度降低,可塑性升高,抗逆性增强;3）栽培大豆木质部、木纤维和总纤维比例均大于野生大豆,并且表皮细胞壁厚度、韧皮纤维壁厚度、木纤维壁和导管壁厚度均大于野生大豆。栽培大豆组织木质化的比例大于野生大豆,茎秆的机械强度升高,可以更好地维持直立生长和形态构建;4）栽培大豆微管形成层的细胞层数和厚度均大于野生大豆。栽培大豆木质部的比例大于韧皮部的比例,而野生大豆两者比例基本相同;5.）野生大豆韧皮部厚壁组织几乎是连续分布,仅在髓射线处中断,而栽培大豆是不连续的,呈片状分布,野生大豆韧皮部厚壁组织的比例大于栽培大豆;6）野生大豆导管壁强度(t/b)2和小导管比例大于栽培大豆,水分运输的安全性较高,但野生大豆木质部的连通性和水分运输的效率低于栽培大豆。本研究较系统地比较了野生大豆YD63和栽培大豆ZD19茎秆解剖结构特点,可为大豆抗性遗传改良提供解剖学依据。     

大豆种子贮存蛋白组成及其相关分析

1988年选用14个,1989年选用15个蛋白质含量差异较大的主要为江淮地区的大豆品种,进行随机区组试验。大豆种子中球蛋白、清蛋白、醇溶谷蛋白以及谷蛋白的品种间平均分别为28.56％、7.50％、1.81％和5.71％,品种间变幅分别为6.08％、10.25％、1.03％和6.51％。清蛋白含量与全蛋白含量。谷蛋白含量与全蛋白含量之间显著正相关,清蛋白含量对种子全蛋白含量品种间差异的相对贡献最大,而球蛋白含量对品种间全蛋白含量差异的相对贡献最小。球蛋白含量与株高、分枝数和单株粒重存在显著的正相关;但株高和清蛋白含量、单株荚数及单株粒数和谷蛋白含量有显著负相关。     

大豆种子萌发期对渗透胁迫的响应

在PEG模拟干旱条件下,研究了五种大豆种子萌发期对渗透胁迫的响应.结果发现,在25%(W/V)聚乙二醇(PEG6000)渗透胁迫环境中,五种大豆种子吸水率为豫豆26＞豫豆22＞地神2＞中黄20＞周C-4-1.在15%(W/V)PEG6000渗透胁迫下,五种大豆种子的发芽势和发芽率均显著下降,但相对发芽势除周C-4-1较低外,其余四种无显著差异;相对发芽率除周C-4-1和中黄20较低外,其余三种无显著差异.渗透胁迫有利于大豆种子胚根的生长,而抑制下胚轴的生长,在豫豆26、豫豆22和地神2表现得尤为显著.用隶属函数法对五种大豆萌发期抗旱性的综合评价结果表明,豫豆22和豫豆26属强抗旱型,地神2属较强抗旱型,中黄20的抗旱能力中等,周C-4-1则属干旱敏感型.     

影响大豆遗传转化再生植株成活因素的初步研究

为了提高大豆再生植株的移栽成活率,以‘吉林35’、‘中黄28’、‘南农1138-2’经过农杆菌介导遗传转化大豆子叶节获得的再生植株为材料,对影响移栽成活率的因素作了初步研究。再生芽高于2 cm时,转入R1生根培养基上,10 d左右便可以生根。待根伸长到4 cm以上,并出现丰富的侧根,苗叶色浓绿,苗高达到4-5 cm时,移栽到蛭石、沙子、土肥3∶2∶1比例混合的基质中,在温室内,光照时间保持11-12 h,温度维持24-26℃,可以正常开花结果。不同大豆品种之间生长势有很大的差别,直接影响到再生植株的成活和结荚。生长势强的大豆品种,再生植株容易成活、结荚,可获得较多而且饱满的种子。     

In vitro culture of immature embryos from Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola

For the mass production of Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola with selected, hybrid or genetically engineered genotypes, one potentially desirable propagation strategy is based on embryo culture. The immature embryo development in vitro from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola was studied under different conditions of embryo age, basic culture media and plant growth regulators. The results show that: 1) germination rate of grade 3 embryos in immature seeds with 0.6–0.8 cm diameter was 98.9%. The germin...     

大豆抗烟粉虱的鉴定体系研究

2004年和2007年分别在济南、冠县两地对419份国内外大豆品种资源进行了抗烟粉虱鉴定, 综合分析2年3点自然虫源条件下各品种的鉴定结果和各种抗性鉴定指标之间的关系, 发现大豆感染烟粉虱的数量虽然受环境因素影响较大, 但特定品种的相对抗性表现稳定;筛选出滑皮豆等4个高抗和齐黄26等4个高感烟粉虱的标准品种, 确定了以烟粉虱若虫为调查对象, 以单叶感染烟粉虱若虫的平均数为抗性评价指标, 以标准品种该指标为参照, 当该指标<(a+d)时为高抗、≥(a+d)~<(a+3d)时为抗、≥(a+3d)~<(a+5d)时为中间、≥(a+5d)~ <(a+7d)时为感、≥(a+7d)时为高感, 其中d=(b–a)/8, a、b分别为4份高抗和4份高感标准品种单叶烟粉虱的平均数。同时确定了顶部叶片为有限结荚习性品种的有效调查叶位, 中上部叶片为亚有限和无限结荚习性品种的有效调查叶位。     

Genetic analysis for the leaf pubescence density and water status traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Leaf pubescence density (PD) is an important component for the adaptation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to drought-prone environment. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling PD on the upper surface of leaf blade (PDU), PD on the lower surface of leaf blade (PDL), leaf wilting coefficient (WC) and rate of excised leaf drying (ELD) were identified using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population from the cross between soybean cultivars 'kefeng1' and 'nannong1138-2' at the field soil drought stress stage from the mid-end of stem elongation to onset of flowering. A total of 20 QTLs were detected on molecular linkage groups (MLGs) A2, D1b, E, H, G and I with individual QTL explained 4.49–23.56% of phenotypic variation by composite interval mapping. The QTLs for PD on MLG H were mapped to near Ps locus while the QTLs on MLG D1b were located near Rsc-7 . Three genome regions for PD and water status traits on MLGs A2, D1b and H were associated. This study revealed that leaf surface PD may play an important role in the soybean drought tolerance.     

Analysis of QTLs for the Trichome Density on the Upper and Downer Surface of Leaf Blade in Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.]

Trichomes （plant hairs） are present on nearly all land plants and are known to play important roles in plant protection, specifically against insect herbivory, drought, and UV radiation. The identification of quantitative trait loci （QTL） associated with trichome density should help to interpret the molecular genetic mechanism of soybean trichome density. 184 recombinant inbred lines （RILs）, derived from a cross between soybean cultivars Kefeng 1 and Nannong 1138-2 were used as segregating population for evaluation of TDU （trichome density on the upper surface of leaf blade） and TDD （trichome density on the downer surface of leaf blade）. A total of 15 QTL were detected on molecular linkage groups （MLG） A2, Dla, Dlb, E and H by composite interval mapping （CIM） and among all the QTL, qtuA2-1, qtuD 1 a-1, qtuD lb-2, qtuH-2 qtuE-1, qtdDlb-2, and qtdH- 2 were affirmed by multiple interval mapping （MIM）. The contribution ofphenotypic variance of qtuH-2 was 31.81 and 29.4% by CIM and MIM, respectively, suggesting it might be major gene Ps loci. Only 10 pairs of main QTL interactions for TDU were detected, explained a range of 0.2-5.1% of phenotypic variations for each pair for a total of 22.8%. The QTL on MLG Dlb affecting trichome density were mapped near to Rsc-7 conditioning resistance to SMV （soybean mosaic virus）. This study showed that the genetic mechanism of trichome density was the mixed major gene and polygene inheritance, and also suggested that the causal nature between trichome density and other agronomic traits.