影响大豆胞囊线虫生理小种鉴定因素探讨

大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)引起的病害能给大豆生产造成严重损失。探索影响大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)生理小种鉴定的因素对指导抗线育种工作具有重要意义。本研究以Lee68为材料,接种一定浓度的SCN4虫卵,在不同温度梯度的培养箱中培养,研究温度对大豆胞囊线虫生长的影响;以Riggs鉴定模式中的5个寄主为材料,接种一定浓度梯度的SCN2虫卵,研究接种浓度对鉴定结果的影响;从土壤相对含水量方面研究水分对大豆根系发育的影响。研究结果表明:在设定的温度梯度中,培养温度25℃/22℃(光/暗),Lee68上生长的胞囊数目最多,与其它几个温度培养条件相比,单株胞囊平均数达到差异显著水平,是胞囊生长最适宜温度;接种虫卵为1 200~24 000个/杯时,鉴定结果是正确的,超出这个接种范围,鉴定结果不稳定;一天浇水两次,浇水前/后土壤含水量为4%~7%/15%~18%,最有利于根系发育。本研究结果可为大豆胞囊线虫生理小种鉴定和抗线育种工作提供参考。     

基于ISSR标记的福建省多花黄精与长梗黄精种质鉴别及遗传多样性分析

利用ISSR分子标记,对福建省19份黄精属种质资源进行鉴别和遗传多样性分析。结果显示:(1)根据性状及原植物进行样品鉴别,种质1、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、15、16、18、19为多花黄精,种质2、3、4、5、14、17为长梗黄精;(2)从100个引物里筛选出11个能扩增出清晰具多态性的引物,共扩增出条带170条,片段大小在250~2 000bp,其中多态性条带170条,多态性比例为100%。Popgen 32软件分析显示,供试样品种质资源遗传多样性丰富,相似系数在0.604 9~0.824 4,遗传距离在0.193 1~0.502 7,霞浦种质与建瓯种质亲缘关系最近,柘荣种质与武夷山1种质亲缘关系最远;(3)UPGMA法聚类分析显示,19份样品被分为2大类,4个亚类,多花黄精种质全部聚在第Ⅰ类,长梗黄精种质全部聚在第Ⅱ类;(4)用Popgen 32软件进行遗传多样性分析,黄精属的有效等位基因数(Ne)、期望杂合度(H)、Shannon信息指数(I)分别为1.484 5、0.292 3、0.423 9,4个亚类种水平的基因多样性Ht=0.4132。研究表明,ISSR分子标记适用于多花黄精与长梗黄精的鉴别及遗传多样性分析,研究成果为野生黄精属植物合理引种、驯化、保护和利用提供了重要的参考依据和数据支持。     

低聚壳聚糖对栾树种子萌发的影响

采用不同质量分数(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%)的壳聚糖溶液分别对栾树种子浸种处理4 h、8 h1、6 h、20 h和24 h的种子萌发试验,以蒸馏水浸泡24 h为对照。结果表明,不同质量分数的壳聚糖处理对促进种子萌发的效果十分显著;浸种时间效果不显著;二者的交互作用对发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数效果显著,对发芽速率效果不显著。综合考虑处理效果,以0.8%低聚壳聚糖溶液浸种8 h的种子发芽效果较好。     

鸡屎藤提取物对0～4周龄定安鹅免疫功能的影响

选取240只1日龄定安鹅,随机分为4组,每组设3个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加分别相当于原药材0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的鸡屎藤提取物。试验周期28 d。结果表明,1.0%添加量为最佳比例,定安鹅雏鹅平均日增重和料重比显著提高(P<0.05);IgA、IgG、补体C3、CD8、CD4/CD8、以及ANAE也显著增加(P<0.05);补体C4和CD4极显著增加(P<0.01)。研究为探索中草药添加剂在鹅养殖中的应用提供基础数据。     

Genotypic variation in salinity tolerance and its association with nodulation and nitrogen uptake in soybean

Saline soils hamper various physiological functions in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. One example is the reduction in nitrogen (N) uptake capacity, a major dysfunction that limits soybean growth and yield under saline conditions. Previous studies have revealed that tolerance to salinity varies with cultivar; however, the cultivars used in these studies were selected solely based on agro-morphological traits. In this study, we examined genotypic variation in salinity tolerance among 85 soybean genotypes which were selected based on an assessment of both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers and agro-morphological traits. Additionally, we examined whether salt tolerance is associated with nodulation and N uptake. We used a subset of the world soybean mini-core collection (80 cultivars) and an additional five cultivars/genetic lines (NILs72-T, NILs72-S, Enrei, En-b0-1, and En1282). All plants were grown in pots and treated with saline (final concentration of 150 mM NaCl) during the vegetative growth stage. To evaluate salinity tolerance, we used the ratio of saline-treated (S) to control (C) plant total dry weight [DW (S/C)]. The ratio differed markedly according to genotype. Furthermore, salinity-tolerant genotypes exhibited superior nodulation, leaf greenness, and N uptake under saline conditions. These results indicate that there is a marked genotypic variation in salinity tolerance, and that the tolerant genotypes exhibit greater nodulation and N uptake, although further studies are needed to clarify whether the superior nodulation and N uptake of salinity-tolerant genotypes are responsible for the observed tolerance.     

圆头蚊母树嫩枝扦插繁殖技术的试验

研究了NAA激素、扦插基质和扦插时间等对圆头蚊母树嫩枝插条生根的影响。结果表明,NAA对圆头蚊母树嫩枝生根有明显促进作用,扦插基质以蛭石与珍珠岩1：1混合基质为佳,基质最适温度为20～25℃,扦插时间以50d最理想。     

Dynamic chloroplast pigments concentration in leaves of soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) under reduced tillage

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the chloroplast pigments dynamics of soybean leaves during the growth stages under different tillage systems, which can be a major factor limiting yield of soybean. The greatest differences between the photosynthetic productivity parameters of the investigated soybean were determined from reproductive stages (R2 and R3?–?4). The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b and carotenoids content under CT, DH and NT were greater in the reproductive stages (R2 and R3?–?4) than in the early stages (V3?–?4 and R1). The concentration dynamics of chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b was very similar in all growth stages and under all tillage systems in the 2-yr average. The increased drought stress in 2003 was likely critical in the observed lower seed yields in 2003. The yield of soybean was significantly lower under NT than CT and DH treatments in both years. The relationship between the soybean yield and chloroplast pigments concentration is strongly influenced by external factors. In the 2-yr average the soybean yield was considerably affected by the years and tillage systems. Statistical analysis showed a very significant relationship between chlorophyll pigments content, but photosynthetic parameters investigated did not correlate with soybean yield.     

无患子科树木细子龙营养贮藏蛋白质的分离鉴定

采用光学显微技术、十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)、免疫印迹和间接免疫荧光定位技术，分离鉴定了无患子科树木细子龙(Amesiodendron chinense)的营养贮藏蛋白质(VSP)。在经汞-溴酚蓝染色的石蜡切片中，观察到枝条、树干和根的次生木质部的木薄壁细胞中有深蓝色颗粒状物质，而在上述枝条、树干和根的次生韧皮部的韧皮薄壁细胞和韧皮射线薄壁细胞中则为均一状的淡蓝色物质。这些被染成不同程度蓝色的物质具有蛋白质性质。SDS—PAGE分析表明，在枝条、树干和根的树皮及木质部中，有2种含量高的蛋白质，其分子质量约23kDa和26kDa。使用荔枝(一种无患子科树木)的22kDa VSP的多克隆抗体对这些部位的树皮和木质部可溶性蛋白质进行免疫印迹分析，在免疫印迹图谱上，该抗血清只识别23kDa和26kDa蛋白质，且23kDa蛋白质谱带颜色较深，说明它们与荔枝的22kDa VSP有一定的同源性。间接免疫荧光定位结果表明，只有颗粒状和均一状蛋白质内含物发出异硫氰酸荧光素特异的蓝绿色荧光，说明23kDa和26kDa蛋白质是这些颗粒均一状内含物的主要成分。树木抽新梢后，这2种蛋白质含量在一定程度上减少。可见，23kDa和26kDa蛋白质符合树木VSP的3条标准，应该是细子龙的VSP。韧皮部和木质部的VSP在形态上的差异可能与蛋白质的种类不同有关。     

栾树对土壤多环芳烃修复机制初探

多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类广泛存在于环境中的有机污染物,由于其致癌性和致突变性而受到广泛关注。采用盆栽实验,研究了栾树在3种污染水平下对土壤中PAHs的去除效果与修复机制。结果表明:在试验浓度范围内(7.35～46.23 mg.kg-1),种植栾树1 a后,PAHs降解率为60.69%～75.14%;比对照(无植物处理)PAHs降解率平均提高了22.96%,且以L2污染水平下降解率最大。栾树能够在一定程度上吸收与累积土壤中PAHs,且累积量与土壤PAHs的添加浓度呈正相关,根部PAHs累积量大于干叶部。修复机制反映出植物-微生物间的交互作用、微生物降解是修复土壤PAHs的主要途径。