Intergeneric hybrid between Brassica napus and Diplotaxis harra through ovary culture and the cytogenetic analysis of their progenies

Brassica napus (2n = 38) and Diplotaxis harra (2n = 26) were used to investigate gene transfer from D. harra to B. napus. Intergeneric F₁ hybrids (dihaploid 2n = 32 chromosomes) were obtained through ovary culture. The chromosome associations in the first meiotic division was (0–2)_III + (2–10)_II + (12–28)_I. Many seeds were harvested in the F₁ hybrid after backcrossing with B. napus, and from open pollination of the F₁ hybrid. Somatic chromosome numbers of BC₁ and hybrid plants varied from 2n = 26 to 52. In the first meiotic division, high frequencies of bivalent association and relatively low pollen fertility were observed. BC₂ plants generated from the BC₁ plants with 2n = 38 chromosomes, 69.6% showed 2n = 38 chromosomes. Many aneuploids with addition and deletion of chromosomes were also obtained. A bridge plant between B. napus and D. harra with 2n = 32 chromosomes should be valuable material for the breeding of brassica crops.     

小鼠卵母细胞去核时间对卵丘细胞核移植的影响

对超数排卵的小鼠分别在注射HCG后14~16, 16~18, 18~20和20~22 h采小鼠卵母细胞用于 核移植, 观察小鼠卵母细胞的去核时间在体细胞核移植中的作用。结果显示, 在注射hCG后14~16, 16~18, 18~20和20~22 h, 小鼠卵母细胞去核效率分别为80.09 %(338/422), 73.12 %(283/387), 55.02 %(230/418)和48.74 %(193/396); 重构胚激活率分别为 66.20 %(190/287), 75.43 %(175/232), 84.78 %(156/184)和85.14 %(126/ 148); 重构胚的囊胚发育率分别为13.94 %(40/287), 7.33 %(17/232), 3.80 %(7/184)和1.35 %(2/148)。试验证实小鼠卵母细胞在注射hCG后14~16 h进行去核较为适宜。     

浇筑式钢桥面铺装层推挤变形病害机理分析

以贵州省北盘江大桥钢桥面铺装层推挤变形病害为研究背景,采用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)和傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR),从沥青分子尺度分析钢桥面铺装产生推挤变形的原因。分析结果表明:沥青老化并不是造成钢桥面铺装层推挤变形的主要原因;从现场调查可知,第2层粘层粘结能力的降低是造成钢桥面铺装层推挤变形病害的次要原因;通过级配分析发现,造成钢桥面铺装层推挤变形的主要原因是浇筑式沥青混合料(GA)级配偏细以及GA中集料颗粒的棱角性较差所致。     

镇域水平乡村耕地流转的时空分异及其驱动机制

为了解乡村土地流转的镇域差异,丰富对土地流转尺度效应的认知,选取重庆市现代农业与统筹城乡示范窗口江津区为样区,基于2007—2012年24个乡镇的农经统计面板数据,利用统计分析法、主成分分析法与Logistic多元回归分析法,从镇域尺度视角研究乡村耕地流转形式、流转去向和流转规模的时空演变特征,并从区位状况、经济水平、资源禀赋、农业政策和市场5个方面剖析驱动镇域水平耕地流转时空变化的影响因素。结果表明：镇域水平耕地流转形式均以出租和转包为主,呈现多样化;土地流转去向中,农户是耕地最主要流入方,其次是企业,专业合作社最少;镇域水平耕地流转年际差异显著,变化趋势以“先增后减再增型”和“增加型”为主,呈现多元化;镇域水平耕地流转规模属随机分布,空间自相关程度逐年减弱,且空间关联类型格局随年际变化总体表现出不稳定性;镇域水平上,农业劳动力数和养殖业商品化率对耕地流转规模影响最大,流转率随农业劳动力数减少而增加,而随养殖业商品化率提高而增加。此外,固定资产、劳均耕地和农转非率对耕地流转规模也有正向促进作用。最后立足镇域特色,以不同层次发展需求为导向,提出促进土地顺畅流转的施政策略。     

6种钝化剂对糙米镉含量及镉在水稻中的转移和富集的影响

旨在为合理使用钝化剂及水稻糙米镉(Cd)含量与Cd在水稻体内富集和转移的关系提供一定的理论依据。从6种钝化剂中筛选出能够抑制糙米Cd积累的材料,通过对不同超标程度水稻组的产量、糙米Cd含量、各个器官对Cd的富集系数和转移系数进行统计分析,探讨不同钝化剂对Cd在水稻体内转移和富集的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,低、中浓度C材料和FA材料能够降低糙米中Cd浓度;FB材料和中、高浓度FD材料会促使糙米中Cd的积累。水稻各器官对Cd富集能力,无超标水稻为根茎米叶糠,超标水稻为根茎米糠叶;Cd向糙米的转移途径中,在不超标水稻组中糠—米的转移能力最强,在超标水稻组中叶—米的转移能力最强。     

Analysis of Heat Transfer and Optimal Parameters of Multi-louvered Fin Condenser

The authors conduct the experimental study and optimal computing for the condenser of automobile air conditioner. The especially the properties of heat transfer and flow at the side of air when using shutter fin. The authors the influence of several combinations of fin's geometry parameter to heat transfer and flow resistance. The maximal heat transfer is used as a criterion relation to select the fin's geometry parameters in the same facing air area of condenser. Furthermore, a program is designed to conduct optimal computing, and the computing results are basically consistent with experimental results. It shows that the optimal method is reasonable and the results can be applied to engineering practice.     

实用型荔枝虫害诊断专家系统设计方法研究 实用型荔枝虫害诊断专家系统设计方法研究

针对大型检索表为表示的专家知识体系，研究提出了一套可重用的、实用性强的系统设计方法，建立了荔枝虫害诊断专家系统（LDS）。经生产示范应用表明：实现了人机操作界面直观、明了，降低了客户端的专业要求，提高了系统的实用性。还对系统所构造的人机界面、知识存储结构设计和控制策略给出实践示例。     

农村集体建设用地流转的困境与对策——基于制度经济学的视角分析

为了深化农村土地制度改革,促进农村集体建设用地流转,文章运用制度经济学的相关理论对农村集体建设用地流转进行研究.研究表明,当前,中国农村集体建设用地流转缓慢主要有以下几个原因:农村集体土地产权主体不明晰、农村集体建设用地流转的交易费用较高、流转制度安排存在不足、相关配套设施缺乏等,这些成为制约农村集体建设用地流转的障碍...     

Introgression of genes into cultivated Brassica napus through resynthesis of B. napus via ovule culture and the accompanying change in fatty acid composition

Fifteen lines of Brassica napus were resynthesized via ovule culture through 24 interspecific crosses between four Brassica oleracea and three Brassica campestris accessions. The degree of success in the interspecific crosses was significantly influenced by maternal genotypes. The interspecific hybrid production rate (HPR) varied with combinations from 0 to 76.9%, with a mean HPR of 24.7% for the crosses with B. campestris as the female parent and 6.9% for the crosses with B. oleracea as female parent. Twenty‐four crosses between seven natural and six resynthesized B. napus gave, on average, 10.3 seeds per pod, and ranged from 1.2 to 22.0 seeds per pod, depending on genotypes of both parents. Resynthesized lines of B. napus showed high erucic acid content and variable content of linolenic acid, ranging from 3.4% to 9.9%. The fatty acid composition in hybrid seeds between natural and resynthesized B. napus was dominated by the embryo genotypes; an additive mode was shown for erucic acid and positive over‐dominance for linolenic acid content.     

Analysis on the Effect of Moisture Migration through Walls on Heat Transfer

A dynamic mathematical model for simulating the coupled heat and moisture transfer through walls was proposed with variable material properties. Relative humidity and temperature were chosen as the driving potentials. The temperature and relative humidity and heat flux of wall surface were calculated under varying boundary conditions and compared with those without taking moisture transfer into account. The results show that without and with absorption and desorption processes, the wall interior surface temperature amplitude of the former case is lager than that of the latter, and the average difference temperature of two cases is 0.9℃. The phase change latent heat caused by absorption and desorption of wall surface takes up 27.5% of the total heat transfer quantity, which cant be neglected.