基于关键词聚类的国内知识转移研究可视化分析

依据科学计量学的原理,利用CSSCI收录的1998年—2013年知识转移研究的期刊论文为数据来源,运用Bibexcel软件进行关键词共现统计以及SPSS19.0软件对共现矩阵进行多元统计分析,绘制出相应的知识图谱,研究高频关键词之间的内在联系,分析知识转移领域的研究热点和前沿,从而直观地揭示知识转移研究发展的现状。     

知识经济条件下专业图书馆员的基本素质

分析了知识经济对图书馆的影响，阐述了知识服务及其特点，进而论述了知识服务对专业图书馆员素质的基本要求。知识经济的发展，要求专业馆员除了具备信息服务所需要的基本素质外，最重要的是必须具备较深的相关学科专业知识、知识创新的能力和较高的外语水平，同时要能熟练应用现代信息技术。只有这样，专业馆员才能以信息为原料，加工创造出新的知识产品，向用户及时提供知识服务。

     

发展知识农业的现实对策

随着人类社会进入知识经济时代,作为正处于由传统农业向现代农业跨越的中国农业,着力构筑三大体系,实施知识农民工程,优先发展生物技术,建立知识农业示范区,是发展知识农业切实可行的现实对策.     

Between ‘state’ and ‘society’: Commune authorities and the environment in Vietnam's craft villages

Maintaining a liveable environment in Vietnam's polluted craft villages is a daily challenge for state authorities and residents. Neighbouring urban populations demand that the state effectively curtails and manages pollution, while local residents prioritise their livelihoods and routinely flout regulations. The commune official, tasked with the seemingly impossible task of environmental regulation, occupies a fraught position, torn between the imperatives and constraints of craft producers and state regulatory demands. This study of water pollution in northern Vietnam's craft villages finds that commune officials' conflicted role in environmental governance is a central factor in the failure of the current environmental governance regime, and reflects the internally conflicted nature of the Vietnamese state.     

Towards new regionalism? Case study of changing regional governance in the Yangtze River Delta

This paper draws on a series of interviews with urban planners and government officials to examine the changing regional governance in the Yangtze River Delta. It finds that integration and collaboration are emerging and the growing economic benefits of intercity cooperation serves as a driver for local government to change from hostile competition to collaboration. Nevertheless, regional governance is far from established. Instead, regional transformations reflect the local politics of economic devolution and urban entrepreneurialism. Currently, there is no formal regional institution or coalition and the regional agenda is economic oriented and project based. Policies are formulated by individual cities rather than through multilateral negotiation between cities. The primary motive underlying the initiatives for cooperation is regional economic competitiveness rather than regional integration. Hence, the paper argues that emerging collaboration is far from being a substantial departure from inter‐jurisdiction competition in the earlier phase of regional governance.     

‘Governed freedom’ in Oceania: AusAID,subjectivation and the practice of critique in studies of governmentality

Drawing predominantly on the work of Butler, Rose and Walters, this paper examines the governing rationalities and technologies that characterise one particular site of aid relations. Focusing on key policy documents, economic surveys and performance reports, the paper traces the fashioning of particular subjectivities as constitutive of AusAID's development objectives and the function of problematisation and responsibilisation as central to these practices of subjectivation. While I argue the freedom on offer as part of AusAID's development objectives is a highly governed one – where the ‘free’ economic‐rational subject adopts certain ‘civilised sensibilities’ (Rose, 1999: 78), I show how this process of subjectivation encompasses both ‘a power exerted on a subject’ and ‘a power assumed by the subject’ (Butler, 1997: 11). What becomes apparent through this analysis is the productive and tenuous characteristics of these practices of subject formation. This paper also foregrounds the practice of critique itself, and the very act of research; concepts adopted and explanations made, as far from innocent in their performativity in enacting some worlds and not others.     

The future of democracy in Melanesia: What role for outside powers?

Abstract: This paper critically examines the role of outside powers, particularly Australia and New Zealand, in meeting the challenges to democracy in Melanesia. The shortcomings of the Westminster political system in the fragmented societies of Melanesia are contrasted with the possible advantages of a Presidential system. The ‘good governance’ requirements of aid donors are considered, along with more direct forms of intervention – including armed forces in the case of the Solomon Islands. The paper concludes that democracy cannot be imposed, and that attempts to do so makes nonsense of the term.     

Maintenance in Irrigation: Multiple Actors, Multiple Contexts, Multiple Strategies

The irrigation sector is facing a serious maintenance crisis.Hydraulic infrastructure in many irrigation schemes, especially in South Asia,much of it constructed in the 1960's and 1970's, is deteriorating rapidly. The usual reaction to the neglect of maintenance has been a pattern of ``build-neglect-rebuild' which, in the wake of widespread budgetary constraints, cannot be an option for the future.The paper starts with the observation of a ``maintenance paradox': while there is general agreement amongst irrigation experts, that deferred maintenance is one of the most important determinants of performance deficits in irrigation,there is a relative lack of attention to the maintenance problem by government officials, irrigation agency staff, farmers and international development agencies. Going beyond the common explanation of ``lack of funds' and the related singular focuson maintenance financing, the paper perceives the low interest in maintenance as a multi-facetted incentive problem effecting most of the actors involved in maintenance provision. When maintenance is defined as a component of infrastructure service provision,the doors open to new insights on motivation and coordination problems in maintenance provision. Drawing on key concepts of the MAINTAIN project, the authors use such insights to put forward essential institutional requirements and basic strategiesthat may lead the way to incentive creation for maintenance and thus help overcomethe maintenance paradox in the irrigation sector.     

Climate change,migration and human rights in Bangladesh: Perspectives on governance

Bangladesh experiences some of the most severe impacts of climate change, with impacts already evident in the coastal regions. Recent data shows that around 32% of the coastal communities in Bangladesh are affected by climate‐induced hazards each year. In 2011, 64% among them were displaced locally and 27% were displaced to other locations in Bangladesh. It requires comprehensive and viable polices and planning to meet the challenges of managing a large number of displaced people. In this context, this paper reviews and investigates the effectiveness of current governance frameworks to address migration of affected communities. It argues that migration can be an effective way to cope with environmental shocks. Finally, it discusses policy imperatives for effective protection of people displaced by climate risks with a special reference to adopting a human rights‐based approach in law and policy making for climate‐induced migration.     

Governing climate change in Hong Kong: Prospects for market mechanisms in the context of emissions trading in China

Hong Kong continues to struggle over which environmental governance approach is in its best interest while fulfilling its environmental obligations. With regard to climate change, Hong Kong's approach is characterised by a passive form of governance that is highly dependent on China's national policy directions. This is reflected, for example, in Hong Kong having not set its own mitigation targets. Market mechanisms have received little attention in developing a city‐wide climate change strategy. A transformative impulse, China's national emissions trading scheme, may provide momentum to a market‐based approach. However, the necessary conditions for such a market mechanism to be successfully implemented in China remain relatively undeveloped. This raises question about early participation by Hong Kong. Direct benefits are likely to be limited, due to Hong Kong's economic structure and weak demand for emissions reduction. Besides, there are regulatory barriers to enforcing emissions targets and/or recognising emissions allowances and credits from China. We therefore argue that nationwide emissions trading may, at this time, present more challenges than opportunities for Hong Kong to leverage its efforts on climate change mitigation. An alternative is to promote voluntary emissions trading that will require active involvement and leadership by businesses.