人和动物条件致病菌环境菌株侵染植物的研究进展

目的检测肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae,KP)环境菌株对玉米的致病性及其与医院常见血清型的关联性。方法从环境中取地表水和土壤样品,利用克雷伯氏菌分离培养基(麦康凯肌醇阿东醇羧苄青霉素培养基, MIAC)获得克雷伯氏菌属菌株;通过革兰氏染色、形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析进一步鉴定样品中的KP菌株;以PCR扩增医院常见KP血清型基因条带;用常规接种法检测分离到的KP环境菌株对玉米的致病性。结果从栽培草莓的土壤表面分离到1株KP环境菌株E23。该菌株不属于医院常见血清型,但在人工接种条件下能引起玉米顶腐症状。结论不同来源的肺炎克雷伯氏菌具有导致易感寄主发病的能力,这一结果可为其跨界侵染机制的研究提供基础。     

伴侣动物源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定及毒力和耐药性分析

为探究南宁伴侣动物源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的毒力和耐药情况,本研究采集犬、猫粪便拭子,通过分离培养、形态学观察、药敏试验及PCR扩增16S rRNA、khe基因、毒力基因及耐药基因等方法对细菌特性进行分析。结果显示,分离的菌株中有4株能在麦康凯培养基上形成液状菌落,轻挑拉丝且镜检为短杆状革兰氏阴性菌,疑为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。16S rRNA测序结果显示,分离菌与肺炎克雷伯氏菌同源性达99%,同时肺炎克雷伯氏菌特异性基因（khe）阳性。其中,分离株GXKP-C14、GXKP-D15对大部分临床常用抗菌药物敏感,分离株GXKP-D1则表现出高水平多重耐药,分离株GXKP-D4耐药性稍低于GXKP-D1,对临床常用药氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢呋辛、四环素、多西环素、呋喃妥因、复方新诺明表现耐药,对头孢吡肟、美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、链霉素、多黏菌素等敏感。部分菌株携带tet（A）、QnrS、bla_SHV、sul2、mcr-1等耐药基因和WabG毒力基因。本研究结果为犬、猫源肺炎克雷伯氏菌病的检测、诊断及治疗提供了试验依据。同时,黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1的检出将为多黏菌素的耐药性控制和合理使用提供参考。     

北京地区宠物犬源blaCTX-M基因阳性肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药表型和分子特征研究

为研究宠物犬源bla_CTX-M基因阳性肺炎克雷伯菌的携带情况,同时了解宠物犬携带bla_CTX-M基因肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药表型和分子特征,本研究从355只宠物犬的鼻拭子和肛拭子中分离头孢噻肟耐药细菌,通过16S rDNA和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱鉴定细菌种属。对鉴定为肺炎克雷伯菌的菌株,运用PCR检测bla_CTX-M基因,药物敏感性试验测定bla_CTX-M基因阳性肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药表型,PFGE分型和全基因组测序技术分析bla_CTX-M基因阳性肺炎克雷伯菌的分子特征。PCR结果显示,共分离到7株bla_CTX-M基因阳性肺炎克雷伯菌,3株来自宠物肛拭子,4株来自宠物鼻拭子;药敏试验结果显示,7株菌均对头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟和阿莫西林-克拉维酸耐药,但对多黏菌素E、美罗培南和替加环素敏感。PFGE结果显示,其中3株细菌相似度为100%,而另外4株细菌相似度差异较大（<30%）。全基因组结果显示,7株菌共有5个ST分型,bla_CTX-M基因分离的亚型为CTX-M-14型（n=5）和CTX-M-3型（n=2）,同时这些菌株中还携带了其他β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类和氟喹诺酮类耐药基因。从本研究结果可以看出,目前宠物犬源bla_CTX-M基因阳性肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率较低,但其多重耐药性较严重,本研究分离的耐药基因bla_CTX-M、bla_SHV亚型与国内外流行有差异。目前宠物在抗生素的使用和监控上仍有不足,需进一步关注宠物细菌耐药性,为后续防控提供依据。     

甘肃地区绵羊支原体病原菌的分离培养

在甘肃省5个地区采集了100份绵羊血清样本,并对100份样品进行了血清学及病原菌分离培养试验。血清学检测初步鉴定为14份阳性,其中11份来自于同一地区。然后对两例疑似患病羊做病原分离鉴定以及微生物学诊断和PCR鉴定,并对病原菌进行革兰氏染色。本研究成功地从病羊身体中分离出细小、纤细的呈球形、双球形、线状、螺旋状、半月状和短杆状等形态的绵羊肺炎支原体。     

Mycoplasm suipneumoniae and Mycoplasma flocculare in comparative pathogenicity studies

Three field strains of Mycoplasma suipneumoniae each inoculated into 3 gnotobiotic piglets produced macro- and microscopic lung lesions typical of enzootic pneumonia in 8 of the animals. Under similar conditions 3 strains of M. flocculare produced typical macroscopic lung lesions in just 1 out of 9 animals. It is therefore concluded that M. flocculare is not of primary etiologic importance in the porcine enzootic pneumonia complex.The frequency of successful reisolation from nasal cavities, lungs, and other tissues indicated that the lungs are the sole natural habitat for M. suipneumoniae, while for M. flocculare lungs as well as nasal cavities should be regarded as the natural habitat.None of the organisms apparently spread via the blood stream. M. flocculare, but not M. suipneumoniae, induced histologic alterations of the nasal mucosa.     

肺炎克雷伯菌榆中分离株OmpK17基因的克隆、生物信息学分析及免疫原性研究

试验旨在研究肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)外膜蛋白OmpK17基因序列特征及其免疫原性。参照GenBank中肺炎克雷伯菌外膜蛋白OmpK17基因序列(登录号:U52843.1)设计1对特异性引物,应用PCR技术扩增获得了肺炎克雷伯菌榆中分离株(YZ株)OmpK17基因CDS序列,应用相关软件及程序对OmpK17基因核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,构建其原核表达载体pET-OmpK17,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行了表达。表达产物纯化后免疫新西兰兔制备多抗血清,应用ELISA和Western blotting分析了重组蛋白的免疫原性。结果显示,肺炎克雷伯菌YZ株外膜蛋白OmpK17基因高度保守,其CDS序列全长513 bp,编码170个氨基酸,与GenBank中其他肺炎克雷伯菌OmpK17基因序列同源性均高于99.6%;OmpK17蛋白分子质量约为18.5 ku,具有较强的亲水性,含有1个信号肽、1个跨膜区和6个抗原决定簇区域,是一种具有桶状三维结构的跨膜蛋白。SDS-PAGE结果显示,OmpK17基因在大肠杆菌中获得表达且表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在。ELISA及Western blotting结果表明,肺炎克雷伯菌OmpK17蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。本研究克隆和表达了肺炎克雷伯菌OmpK17基因及其编码蛋白,并证实该蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,为OmpK17基因的生物学特性研究和肺炎克雷伯菌检测方法的建立奠定了基础,为肺炎克雷伯菌基因工程疫苗的研发提供了理论依据。     

猪肺炎支原体中国分离株热休克蛋白Hsp70(Dnak)的全基因克隆及C末端基因的表达与免疫活性分析

猪肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,MHP）是猪气喘病的病原。DnaK又称为热休克蛋白Hsp70,具有分子伴侣和免疫的作用。以MHP中国分离株Yin-1为模板,扩增了DnaK基因的全序列,将该序列克隆到pMD18-T载体上并测序。测序结果Yin-1株DnaK基因即Hsp70基因全长1803bp,编码600aa,第631～633位TGA在支原体编码色氨酸而不是作为终止密码子。将该序列与多种致病支原体DnaK基因进行分析比较,发现Yin-1株与232株、J株、7448株等MHP菌株的DNA同源性为99.3％～99．4％,氨基酸同源性为99．2％～99.3％,而与非同种支原体的DNA和氨基酸同源性仅为64．5％～74．4％和59.3％～77％。这表明DnaK基因在种内高度保守,种间差异较大。以pET28a为载体构建重组质粒,原核表达DnaKC末端大小为1kb左右的基因,对表达的蛋白进行纯化后,通过Westernblot检测它的免疫活性。原核表达得到大小为41ku的目的蛋白．经Westernblot证实．纯化蛋白可与MHP阳性猪血清反应,具有免疫活性。     

鲤鱼肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离与鉴定

初步了解肺炎克雷伯氏菌在鲤鱼鱼体中的发病机制并筛选防治药物,为预防和治疗该病提供准确实验数据。对发病鲤鱼进行细菌分离纯化,通过革兰氏染色反应,生理生化反应测定单菌落特性,进行细菌回归试验和药敏试验。对注射菌液后发病的鱼进行细菌再分离,得到革兰氏阴性菌,并且与七叶苷及其它17种指标反应呈阳性,与戊二酰-甘氨酸-精氨酸-AMC及其它11种指标反应呈阴性,注射该菌液48 h后鱼体出现与疑似病例相同病症。分离得到的细菌,按《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》进行鉴定,确定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。药敏试验结果表明该菌对亚胺培南等6种药物高度敏感。本试验首次从鲤鱼体内分离出肺炎克雷伯氏菌,并得到6种高度敏感的药物,同时阐明了肺炎克雷伯氏菌在鲤鱼中发病症状。     

Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide induces secretion of cytokines in bronchial epithelial cells via EGFR signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) capsular polysaccharide (CPS). METHODS: KP was cultured in vitro, and the CPS was extracted. The BEAS-2B cells were stimulated with CPS at different concentrations, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. The phosphorylation level of EGFR was detected by Western blot at different time points after stimulation. After pretreatment of the BEAS-2B cells with EGFR inhibitor AG1478, the phosphorylation level of ERK was detected by Western blot, the nuclear translocation of P65 was detected by indirect immunofluorescence, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in the supernatant of the cells were measured. Finally, the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in the culture supernatant of CPS-stimulated cells were detected by ELISA after pretreated with ERK inhibitor PD98059 and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC. RESULTS: Exposure to CPS at 10 mg/L for 12 h significantly induced the BEAS-2B cells to secret TNF-α and IL-8. The phosphorylation levels of EGFR and ERK and the nuclear translocation of p65 in the BEAS-2B cells were significantly increased after CPS stimulation (P<0.05). The phosphorylation level of ERK and the nuclear translocation of p65 were significantly reduced in the cells pretreated with EGFR inhibitor AG1478. Furthermore, the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in the supernatant were significantly decreased after pretreated with the inhibitors of EGFR, ERK and NF-κB. CONCLUSION: Klebsiella pneumonia capsular polysaccharide activates the ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways via EGFR, and then induced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 in the bronchial epithelial cells, indicating that EGFR may be a key factor in the inflammatory response induced by KP infection.