不同浓度1-MCP对早酥梨果实常温贮藏品质的影响

以早酥梨为试材,研究常温(20℃),相对湿度80%~90%贮藏条件下不同浓度(0.5、1.0、1.5μL/L)的1-MCP对早酥梨果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,1-MCP处理能够较好地抑制果实叶绿素含量的降低与黄化指数的升高,延缓早酥梨果实的黄化、软化过程,并保持果实较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量。其中,1.5μL/L浓度的1-MCP对早酥梨果实的黄化控制效果最好,且能较好地保持果实品质,是早酥梨果实的适宜处理浓度。     

市售梨膏产品调研及品质分析

对市售27个梨膏产品的名称、品牌、价格、规格、配料、包装材料、外包装情况、品质分析及感官评价进行了研究。结果表明,市售梨膏价格在中低区间占比较高,单价在低区间占比较高,并且发现单价与价格、规格呈极显著相关（P<0.01）;有11个梨膏的配料添加了中药,且以药食同源的中药为主,部分梨膏产品添加了普通食品;甜味剂的选择以蜂蜜、冰糖、白砂糖和麦芽糖为主;梨膏水溶液的可溶性固形物含量（SSC）差异不大,平均值为13.4%,而可滴定酸（TA）含量差异较大,变异系数为80.03%,跨度从0.014%到0.244%;褐变指数在0.497～1.680之间,变异系数为26.25%,存在一定的差异;透光率平均值为46.64%,变异系数为63.73%,差异较大;根据色泽、口感、气味和组织状态对梨膏产品进行感官评价,LG01、LG02、LG03和LG26梨膏感官品质较优,LG08、LG09、LG13、LG15、LG16、LG19和LG25梨膏较差;相关性分析结果显示,颜色越深梨膏SSC和TA含量越高,SSC越高梨膏越不清亮,但是整体感官评价越低。     

结实期土壤水分和灌溉方式对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理原因

以水稻品种武育粳3号(粳稻)和扬稻6号(籼稻)为材料, 研究了结实期土壤水分和灌溉方式对产量、米质、籽粒中淀粉合成关键酶活性和内源乙烯释放速率的影响及它们之间的关系。结果表明, 与WW(保持水层, well-watered)或CI(常规灌溉, conventional irrigation)相比, 土壤轻度落干(MD, moderate soil-drying, 土壤水势保持在–10 ~ –30 kPa)和轻干湿交替灌溉(W-MD, alternate wetting and moderate-drying irrigation, 土壤落干至土水势为–25 kPa时复水)显著提高了千粒重、稻米的最高黏度和崩解值, 显著降低了垩白度和消减值; 土壤干旱(SD, severe soil-drying, 土壤水势保持在– 40~ – 60 kPa)和重干湿交替灌溉(W-SD, alternate wetting and severe-drying irrigation, 土壤落干至土水势为– 50 kPa时复水)则使稻米品质变劣。MD和W-MD处理显著降低了籽粒乙烯释放速率, 增加了灌浆中后期籽粒中蔗糖合酶(SuS)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)、淀粉合酶(StS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性, SD和W-SD处理则提高了籽粒内源乙烯释放速率, 降低了上述各酶的活性。说明结实期土壤轻度落干或轻干－湿交替灌溉可以改善稻米品质, 籽粒SuS、AGP、StS和SBE活性的增强和内源乙烯水平的降低是稻米品质改善的重要生理原因。     

Genomics of pear and other Rosaceae fruit trees

The family Rosaceae includes many economically important fruit trees, such as pear, apple, peach, cherry, quince, apricot, plum, raspberry, and loquat. Over the past few years, whole-genome sequences have been released for Chinese pear, European pear, apple, peach, Japanese apricot, and strawberry. These sequences help us to conduct functional and comparative genomics studies and to develop new cultivars with desirable traits by marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. These genomics resources also allow identification of evolutionary relationships in Rosaceae, development of genome-wide SNP and SSR markers, and construction of reference genetic linkage maps, which are available through the Genome Database for the Rosaceae website. Here, we review the recent advances in genomics studies and their practical applications for Rosaceae fruit trees, particularly pear, apple, peach, and cherry.     

青岛市种植业主要投入要素碳排放及其强度分析

种植业碳排放是总碳足迹的重要组成部分,其来源及碳排放强度已成为减少温室气体排放的急需探讨的科学问题。本研究通过追溯种植业碳排放的来源,选定主要投入要素的碳排放系数,核算青岛市1995年至2012年种植业碳排放及其碳排放强度。结果表明：（1）1995-2012年种植业碳排放总体上是逐年减少的,整个研究阶段可分为两个时期,即1995-2007年碳排放保持稳定时期,与2008-2012年碳排放逐渐减少时期;（2）种植业主要投入要素碳排放所占比例显示,氮肥贡献率最大,达43.31%,而各投入要素碳排放的增长率显示,农膜变化率最大,达到85.51%;（3）碳排放强度表明产值和产量的提高,可以通过农田投入要素的有效组合和高效利用得到,并不会引起碳排放的增加。     

Design of Intelligent Personality for WEB Search Engine Based on Agent

Along with the rapid increase in information of internet,the information research technology was confronted with more and more challenge.Traditional WEB search engine is not satisfied with users' special demand any more,therefore there comes forth a trend to join intelligent technique with Web search engine.This paper puts forward a Multi-agent based architecture for WEB search engine based on traditional architecture.An effective securities business search engine,which is can satisfy user's especial request which is created by means of intelligent technique.If the system is used in many other special fields,good results of information research can also be acquired.     

非对称性增温对冬小麦强势粒和弱势粒淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响

以扬麦11为材料,采用全生育期田间开放式增温系统进行增温处理,研究了不同增温处理对小麦强和弱势粒淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响差异。结果表明,冬小麦强势粒中蔗糖合酶(SS)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性较弱势粒高,而且三者白天的活性均比夜间高。不增温条件下,整个灌浆期强势粒中SS、AGPase和SBE的活性平均分别比弱势粒高72.9%、111.4%和7.8%。全天、白天和夜间增温条件下,强势粒SS白天的活性比常温对照的高8.4%~31.2%,夜间的活性比对照高11.1%~20.3%;弱势粒SS白天的活性比对照高9.7%~20.3%之间,夜间的活性比对照高6.1%~32.0%。弱势粒中AGPase活性在不同增温处理下也显著提高,其白天的活性比对照高54.2%~124.4%,夜间的活性比CK高20.7%~99.3%。增温对SBE活性的影响较小,强势粒和弱势粒在增温条件下其白天的活性均比对照高3.9%~12.1%,夜间的活性均比对照高1.0%~7.6%。相关分析表明,AGPase和SBE的活性与千粒重之间存在极显著正相关,增温条件下AGPase和SBE的活性显著提高,尤其是弱势粒中AGPase和SBE活性的显著提高是千粒重提高的一个重要原因。     

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S-RNase fragments for identification of S-genotypes of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) controlled by a complex and multiallelic S locus. The pistil-part product of the S locus is the polymorphic ribonuclease, S-RNase. Information on S-genotypes is important for the production and breeding of Japanese pears. Molecular analyses of S-genotypes of Japanese pear have been conducted with the CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) system; PCR amplification of S-RNase fragments by a common primer pair followed by digestion with restriction enzymes each of which cleaves a specific S haplotype. Here, we show that the separation of S-RNase fragments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) distinguishes four out of nine S haplotypes of Japanese pear without restriction digestion. S³-, S⁵-, S⁶- and S⁸-RNases were identified as distinct bands by PAGE. S³- and S⁵-RNases were separated by PAGE despite their identical fragment sizes. Using this system, three Japanese pear lines with unknown S-genotypes were analyzed. The newly determined S-genotypes of the lines were confirmed by CAPS analysis.     

梨汁生产配方的研究

采用L_9(3~3)正交试验研究梨汁的配方,在单因素试验的基础上,确定生产出风味纯正的梨汁的最佳配方为:梨加入量2.5 kg,糖质量分数6.5%,糖水添加量6.0 kg。     

苦瓜抗虫物质与抗虫作用初探

不同有机溶剂(乙醚、丙酮、乙醇)处理苦瓜叶片,用超敏感银染SDS-PAGE电泳进行蛋白质分析。结果表明：不同化学试剂处理后的蛋白质谱带组分和着色程度都出现了比较明显的差异。乙醚处理后的样品出现21条谱带,其中9号、5号、18号谱带较为清晰,着色较深;丙酮处理出现21条谱带,其中9号、10号、13号谱带较为清晰,着色较深,乙醇处理则有18条,其中只有6号谱带较为清晰,着色较深。这些蛋白质的异同将为进一步分离和研究苦瓜抗虫物质与抗虫作用提供依据。