玉米子粒胚乳细胞增殖与库容充实的关系

采用生长分析法和细胞计数法研究了掖单13和石单3号两个玉米品种子粒灌浆与胚乳细胞增殖的关系,结果表明：同一品种粒重的差异是由灌浆速度决定的,而不同品种粒重的差异则是灌浆持续期的长短造成的。胚乳细胞数与灌浆速度和灌浆持续期均呈极显著相关,表明胚乳细胞数的不同是引起粒重不同的主要原因。同时对库容提出新的表达式。     

3份小麦品种（系）Gsp 1基因的克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的谷类作物硬度基因grain softness protein-1(Gsp-1)保守DNA序列设计一对特异性引物,以优质小麦品种(系)中国春、SZ-56及M9876基因组DNA为模板进行基因扩增、克隆和序列测定,获得636 bp的Gsp-1全长特异性片段。序列分析显示其含有495 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码全长为164 aa的蛋白,该蛋白含有Gsp-1典型的19 aa信号肽,10个保守的半胱氨酸以及2个保守的色氨酸。序列比对表明,Gsp-1基因不仅含有Gsp-1 a、Gsp-1 b和Gsp-1 c这3种类型,还含有一种新的类型,将其命名Gsp-1 d。进一步对其结构预测分析发现,Gsp-1蛋白可形成5个链间二硫键,含有4~5个α-螺旋。进化树分析显示Gsp-1基因与硬度主效基因Pina和Pinb有着紧密关系。     

金融排斥、空间溢出与传统农区县域金融趋同研究 ——基于河南省51个农业县数据的实证分析

利用ArcGIS,GeoDA,Matlab工具,结合非参数Kernel密度估计方法,分析河南省传统农业地区51个县域空间单元金融地理排斥现象和空间地理溢出效应,并对金融空间发展格局进行β趋同检验。结果表明,金融的“第二财政”功能是传统农业地区金融地理排斥的主要推手;城乡经济发展严重不平衡更多的是在于农业地区金融市场彼此分割,呈“条块”分布格局;传统农业地区的县域金融发展“空间溢出”效应有助于金融格局的演变,而推动县域金融发展的途径在于利用金融支持推动中小企业的发展。     

Optimal application timing of simeconazole granules for control of rice kernel smut and false smut

We investigated the optimal timing of simeconazole (RS-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-trimethylsilylpropan-2-ol) application for controlling rice kernel smut in field trials in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, using formulations of simeconazole (1.5% granules). The field tests revealed that a submerged application of simeconazole granules (450–600 g ai/ha) at 1–5 weeks before heading was highly effective against kernel smut, with treatments 1–2 weeks before heading being the most effective. Submerged application of the fungicide at 2–5 weeks before heading was also highly effective against false smut, with treatment 3 weeks before heading being the most effective. These periods overlap the timing for optimal application of simeconazole to control rice sheath blight and ear blight. Consequently, we concluded that treatment with simeconazole 2–3 weeks before heading can be a useful tool for controlling all four diseases.     

Changes in NMR Relaxation of Rice Grains,Kernel Quality and Physicochemical Properties in Response to a High Temperature after Flowering in Heat-Tolerant and Heat-Sensitive Rice Cultivars

Abstract

Rice productivity is related to the ability of plants to adapt to heat stress. The heat-tolerant cultivars ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ and heat-sensitive cultivar ‘Hinohikari’ were grown at 30ºC and 25ºC for 49 days after flowering. At 30ºC, only a few white immature kernels were produced in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but about 22% of grains had immature kernels in ‘Hinohikari’. The high temperature(30ºC) caused no significant changes in grain dry weight, water content, and the NMR T₁ value during the early ripening stage in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’. It also did not affect grain development, especially with respect to the nucellar epidermis, in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but caused clear cessation of development of the nucellar epidermis at 14 days after flowering in ‘Hinohikari’. In addition, high temperature decreased the amylose content and increased hardnessvs. adhesion ratio of cooked rice in both ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ resulting a softer, less sticky texture, but not in ‘Hinohikari’. The maximum viscosity and breakdown values were increased, and final viscosity decreased at 30ºC in all three cultivars. These results suggested that starch in the endosperm of grains changed from a fluid state to a doughy state more slowly in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ than in ‘Hinohikari’, in which the water content and NMR relaxation time decreased, and transported assimilates accumulated slowly during grain development.     

玉米粒部性状对子粒脱水速率的影响

以8个自交系配制的56个玉米杂交组合为试验材料,对子粒脱水速率、子粒果皮厚度及子粒大小性状进行测定与分析。结果表明,子粒果皮厚度和子粒大小对子粒水分有一定影响,果皮厚度与子粒脱水速率呈负相关,与子粒含水量呈正相关;子粒的长、宽、厚均与子粒脱水速率呈正相关,且子粒长与子粒脱水速率的相关性显著。     

小麦籽粒性状的QTL定位

为了明确小麦籽粒性状的遗传控制基础,以γ射线诱变结合花药培养创制的大粒、高蛋白小麦新种质H307及生产上主栽品种郑麦9023创建的含有310个株系的重组自交系为实验材料,利用QTL-ICIMapping V3.3软件构建了包含133对SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱,对千粒重、粒长、粒宽、籽粒面积、周长、粗蛋白和淀粉含量进行QTL分析,结果在两年环境条件下共检测到47个加性QTL和10个QTL富集区,其中6个千粒重QTL,分别位于1D、2B、3D、6D和7A染色体上,单个QTL可解释4.54%~13.14%的表型变异;31个粒形QTL,位于1B、1D、2B、3B、3D、5A、5D、6B、6D、7A和7D染色体上,单个QTL可解释2.90%~15.86%的表型变异;10个粗蛋白和淀粉含量QTL,分别位于1A、1B、4B和6A染色体上,单个QTL可解释3.64%~12.19%的表型变异。2B染色体上检测到1个贡献率较大且能稳定表达的重要染色体区段,该区段包含控制小麦千粒重、粒长、粒宽、籽粒面积和周长的10个QTL。1BL染色体上检测到1个控制籽粒粗蛋白含量的微效QTL,对表型的贡献率为3.64%,与连锁分子标记gwm818的遗传距离为0.22cM,该位点是一个不同于前人研究结果的新位点。     

离体条件下玉米籽粒发育动态研究

采用玉米籽粒离体培养的方法研究了不同培养方式对玉米籽粒发育的影响,并对籽粒体积、粒重、可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质含量以及呼吸的变化动态进行了测定。结果表明,采用籽粒∶穗轴为3∶10的培养方式较好。离体籽粒的发育与大田玉米相同,该技术可以广泛应用于玉米生理研究。     

Inheritance and relationships of important agronomic traits in almond

The inheritance of 16 important agronomic traits and its relationship were studied for four years in a population of 167 almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] seedlings obtained from a cross between the French selection ‘R1000’ (‘Tardy Nonpareil’ × ‘Tuono’) and the Spanish cultivar ‘Desmayo Largueta’. For some traits (blooming and leafing date) descendants segregated between the value of both progenitors, meanwhile for others the mean of the offspring was lower (bloom density, productivity and ripening date) or higher (in-shell/kernel ratio and double kernels). As expected, kernel bitterness and self-incompatibility behaved as monogenic traits. Some important correlations between traits were detected. The implications of the transmission and the correlation of these traits in the breeding programmes are discussed.