菌根剂对桃、李、柰果实重量及病虫抗性的影响

为探索果树采用何种施肥方法 ,具较好经济效益 ,在桃、李、柰等果树上 ,选择Pt菌根剂、超大生物菌肥、肥力高和常规施用复合肥进行比较实验 ,发现Pt菌根剂具有较好经济效益。     

国外李品种区域化栽培试验

为加速河南省李树品种结构调整,引进了国外李品种22个,并进行了区域化栽培试验。通过调查国外李品种的丰产性、稳产性和果实品质,确定了评价标准。采用综合评分的评价方法,筛选出了10个适合河南省发展的早、中、晚熟配套国外李优良品种。     

Influence of host plant species on the development and reproduction of hawthorn spider mites

A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the influence of host species of deciduous fruit trees, like apple, peach, plum, cherry and apricot, on the development and reproduction of the hawthorn spider mite Tetranychus viennensis Zacher in the laboratory under conditions of 25±1°C, 60±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16 h: 8 h light: dark. This was done by determining the duration of each life stage of the mites, the intrinsic rate of population increase (r _m ), mean generation time (T) and net reproductive rate (R ₀) of the spider mites on each of the host plant species. Differences in life table parameters of the spider mite among host plants were analyzed with the jack-knife method. The results indicated that plum might be the best suitable plant for the spider mite among the plants tested due to shorter developmental period and higher intrinsic rate of increase, whereas cherry and apricot were least suitable due to their long developmental duration and low intrinsic rates of increase. When the spider mites were transferred from apple to other fruit trees, negative effects on developmental duration, fecundity and life table parameters were found in the first generation, but the effects faded out in succeeding generations. When transferred onto plum and peach, the spider mite adapted to the new hosts in the second generation; however, on cherry and apricot, it adapted in the third generation. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 27(7) [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 27(7)]     

广东省李产业发展现状调查

广东是李的南缘分布区,其得天独厚的自然条件和李产业稳定的经济效益使得广东成为了全国主要的李产区。为了给李产业生产和研究规划的制定提供基本数据,采用走访与实地考察相结合的方法,对广东省李的分布、种质资源、产业现状等方面的情况进行了系统调查。结果表明:经过长期的人工栽培,广东已演化形成了一个需冷量低的南亚热带特色李品种群,共有原产品种26个,其中既有像三华李那样的古老品种,也有如华蜜大蜜李和岭溪李那样品质优良的新品种;2013年,广东全省规模化李果园面积有5.52万hm2,总栽培面积约7.1万hm2,其李果总产量分别52.10万和66.39万t,平均单位面积产量为9.35 t/hm2,说明广东省是全国李树栽培面积最大、李果总产量和单位面积产量都最高的省份;由于水热丰富,花期日照充足,广东李具有成熟早、产量稳定、经济效益高的特点,李产业是广东省山区的支柱产业。文中还分析了广东省李产业发展中存在的主要问题,并提出了广东省李产业发展的几点建议。     

提高大石早生李坐果率试验研究

为提高大石早生李初果期坐果率,于盛花期进行人工授粉、环剥和环割、喷施激素和微肥试验。结果表明:选择盖县大李和香蕉李作授粉树,盛花期对主干进行环剥、喷施30×10-6赤霉素、100×10-6氯化稀土、03%硼砂+03%尿素,均能显著提高大石早生李坐果率。     

保护地栽植矮甜李授粉方法选择试验

日光节能温室内种植的矮甜李选择授粉方法是获得高产的关键。通过人工点授、自然授粉、室内放蜂、液体授粉 4种方法的对比 ,总结出 4种授粉方法的坐果率为人工点授 (3 1 .0 7% ) >室内放蜂 (2 1 % ) >液体授粉 (9.5 3 % ) >自然授粉 (0 .1 6% ) ,从试验结果看出 ,保护地种植矮甜李必须进行辅助授粉 ,否则无产量。从经济、快捷、简便的角度出发 ,以室内放蜂为最佳授粉方法 ,放蜂量为 1 0 0 0头 /棚。     

李树叶片细菌性穿孔病的发生规律及防治研究

细菌性穿孔病可导致李树叶片大量脱落,树势衰弱,产量降低,品质下降.研究发现,病害的初侵染源来自枝干病斑,生长季节枝、叶、果互相交叉传染.种植感病品种、树势强旺、雨日多、雨量大为该病的流行因素.选用抗病品种、消除初侵染源、加强栽培管理、生长期用药控制是防治该病的有效措施.     

Evaluation of resistance to sharka (Plum pox virus) of several Prunus rootstocks

Sharka (Plum pox virus, PPV) severely affects the production of most Prunus species in the areas affected by the disease. In this study, the resistance of 15 Prunus rootstocks to a Dideron type isolate of PPV was evaluated under controlled conditions in an insect‐proof greenhouse. After four cycles of study,‘GF677’ almond x peach hybrid,‘Myrobolan 29C plum and ‘L2’ cherry did not show any symptoms and were ELISA‐DASI and RT‐PCR negative. These were considered resistant to PPV. The rest of the rootstocks assayed showed symptoms of sharka (confirmed by ELISA‐DASI or RT‐PCR), although the level of susceptibility was different for each rootstock.‘GF305’ peach, ‘Puebla de Soto’ plum and ‘Real Fino’ apricot, were highly susceptible to PPV, showing strong sharka symptoms and being ELISA and RT‐PCR positive. ‘Marianna 2624’ plum,‘AC 9921‐07’ hybrid and ‘CP‐2’ plum showed susceptibility to PPV confirmed by ELISA‐DASI and RT‐PCR positives.‘Nemaguard’ and ‘Nemared’ hybrids, ‘Torinel’ plum and ‘STN2’ hybrid showed an intermediate susceptibility to PPV with slight sharka symptoms and were ELISA‐DASI and RT‐PCR positive. Whereas, ‘Montclar’ peach and ‘Evrica’ hybrid showed moderate resistance to PPV with slight sharka symptoms and were ELISA positive but RT‐PCR negative. The results open new possibilities in the search for different sources of resistance to PPV within Prunus.     

低山丘陵李树和石榴园土壤保水技术的研究

本文对（Ⅰ）树盘覆盖地膜；（Ⅱ）树盘覆草；（Ⅲ）树盘松土３种土壤保水技术进行了研究。结果表明：其保水效果Ⅰ〉Ⅱ〉Ⅲ〉Ⅳ（对照）。     

梅妻鹤子千古名——四论林逋与梅花

林逋不娶无子,却在孤山种梅养鹤,因而产生了"梅妻鹤子"的千古佳话。产生"梅妻鹤子"佳话的关键因素是林逋空前绝后的爱梅以及与白鹤的亲密无间的关系。"梅妻鹤子"具有精神意义,即梅花的高洁与白鹤的清逸,也具有人格象征,即自由自主的生存方式与人格独立。"梅妻鹤子"既美化了林逋雅致高洁的隐士形象,又促进了林逋美好名声的千古流芳。"梅妻鹤子"所引发的美谈,所遗留的旧迹,所衍生的景观,给后世留下了丰富的文化遗产与物质遗产。