梨芽变新品种—尖把王梨的选育

尖把王梨为尖把梨大果芽变,平均单果质量189g,最大单果质量280g,是一般尖把梨的2倍以上。部分果面有1～2条纵沟,果面黄绿色;果皮薄,果肉白色,肉质细腻多汁,石细胞较少;总糖含量为11.88%,总酸含量为0.92%,维生素C含量为5.81mg/100g,风味酸甜适口,香气浓,果心小,可食率高,品质上,是鲜食、冻制和加工兼用新品种。枝条、叶片也明显大于尖把梨,抗寒能力与尖把梨相同,是栽培梨中抗寒力最强的品种之一,适于辽宁、吉林、内蒙古等较寒冷地区发展。     

新高系梨10个品种S基因型的鉴定

以亲缘关系极近的新高系梨10个品种及被视为‘新高’亲本的‘天之川’和‘今村秋’梨等为试验材料,对其基因组DNA进行了PCR-RFLP检测、DNA序列测定及生物信息学分析。结果表明：新高系梨10个品种即‘新高’、‘黄金’、‘水晶’、‘早生黄金’、‘早蜜新高’、‘天皇’、‘金秋’、‘晚大新高’、‘农家新高’和‘鲜黄’的S基因型分别为S₃S₉、S₃S₄、S₃S₉、S₃S₄、S₃S₉、S₃S₉、S₃S₉、S₃S₉、S₃S₉和S₃S₅;‘天之川’、‘今村秋’的S基因型分别为S₁S₉和S₁S₆,通过基因型判定‘今村秋’非‘新高’梨的父本。     

不同梨品种对梨黑斑病抗性差异研究

对17个梨栽培品种的黑斑病田间抗性进行了研究.结果表明:17个梨品种可分为抗、中抗、感、高感4个抗性类群,不同抗性群间的抗性差异明显;爱宕、早蜜、翠冠和新竺水4个品种表现抗病,大果水晶表现高度感病.     

河北省早中熟梨生产存在问题及对策

概述了河北省早中熟梨发展历程,分析了河北省当前早中熟梨生产中存在的主要问题,提出了相应的对策。     

锦丰梨花粉植株的诱导

采用花粉发育单核期的‘锦丰’梨花药,接种在1/2 MS附加IAA 0.2mg/L、BA1～2mg/L的培养基上,经过120天产生胚状体。胚状体转入MS附加GA3 0.1mg/L、IBA 0.2mg/L、BA 1mg/L的分化培养基上,经过85天分化幼梢。无根植株转入1/2 MS附加IAA 1.5mg/L的培养基上,经过14天诱导生根,移栽和嫩枝嫁接成活情况良好。     

不同保存温度对几个梨品种花粉生活力的影响

对5个梨品种的花粉进行了不同温度条件下的保存试验.结果表明:保存前花粉发芽率较高,随着室温保存时间的延长,花粉的发芽率迅速下降.60 d后,各品种梨的花粉发芽率降低到10%以下.红酥脆、满天红、黄金梨、奥冠红梨和台湾雪梨分别降为3.8%、3.7%、4.6%、5.8%、5.1%.因此,室温长期保存花粉效果较差.但若进行短时间(5～10 d)贮藏,其保存效果还是比较理想的.低温保存条件下,随着保存时间的延长,各品种梨花粉的生活力下降不太明显,4 ℃下和-20℃下保存60 d后,花粉的生活力仍然在74%和78%以上,而-20℃下保存的花粉生活力较4℃稍强,因此,在-20℃下较长时间保存梨花粉效果更为理想.     

梨部分优良品种授粉组合选配与自花结实性研究

以中梨1号、中梨2号、新高、黄金梨、早美酥、红香酥、长寿、金二十世纪、红太阳等为试材,通过对各品种花药散粉状态进行镜检观察和杂交组合授粉与自花结实性试验,结果表明,中梨1号、早美酥、红香酥、长寿、金二十世纪6个品种的花药散粉正常、花粉量大,所配组合坐果率很高,生产上可用作授粉树;新高、黄金梨、红太阳3个品种花粉发育不良、散粉异常或花粉败育,生产上不能作为授粉品种。中梨2号、红香酥、长寿、金二十世纪、新高、黄金梨、红太阳7个品种自花不结实,早美酥和中梨1号可自花结实。     

Partitioning of C-photosynthates from different current shoots neighboring with fruiting spur in later-maturing Japanese pear during the period of rapid fruit growth

To elucidate the fate of photosynthates from different current shoots and their influence on fruit growth and bud differentiation in neighboring spur complex during the period of rapid fruit growth in two late-maturing Japanese pear cultivars: ‘Atago’ and ‘Shinkou’ with contrasting fruit size, ¹³C labeling of single shoot was done to investigate of C-relations in fruit branches of eight shoot-combinations. The results showed that all of the current shoots investigated (bourse shoots of nonfruiting spur, bourse shoots of fruiting spur, extension shoot, nonfruiting spur, vegetative shoot, and water sprout) could export photosynthates to the neighboring fruit and buds. Water sprouts together with vegetative shoots, bourse shoots, and extension shoots are important source for fruit growth after shoot growth termination during the period of rapid fruit growth in production of late-maturing pears. The carbon transfer rate from the neighboring to the fruit bearing spur is depent (i) on the types of shoot which acts as C source, (ii) on the position of the fruiting spur and (iii) on the source-sink distance. Furthermore, the cultivar difference in carbon partitioning from different current shoot-combinations confirmed that the movement of photosynthates into the fruit was determined by sink strength of the fruit, and ‘Atago’ exhibited a greater relative sink strength of fruit than ‘Shinkou’. In addition, vegetative shoots are very important C sources for fruit growth in ‘Atago’ and the growth pattern of bourse shoot seriously affects C allocated to fruit in ‘Shinkou’.     

用8-羟基喹啉硫酸盐防止梨、苹果外植体褐变

以金花梨（PyrusbretschneideriRehd．）、金冠（MaluspumilaMill．）和富士（M.pumilaMill．）苹果2～3mm茎尖为外植体，用8-羟基喹啉硫酸盐（8－Hydroxy－Quinolinol－Sulfate，8－HQS）进行处理后，接种在MS＋2．0mg·1-1BA＋0．2mg·1-1IBA培养基上，结果表明，外植体接种后用0．1％的8-HQS淹没24h，然后再将外植体转移至新鲜培养基上，能有效地防止金花梨和金冠苹果外植体褐变（褐变率65％～75％）；外植体消毒前用0．1％的8－HQS预处理24h与接种后用0．1％的8－HQS处理24h对防止富士和金冠苹果外植体褐变具有同样效果（褐变率50％～85％）；金冠与富士苹果外植体消毒前用0．1％和1．0％的8－HQS预处理12h与24h褐变率差异不显著（相差0．6～1．0个百分点），建议用1．0％的8－HQS预处理12h。     

四种杀虫剂对梨上瘿螨的田间药效试验

应用4种药剂进行了梨上瘿螨的田间药剂防治，结果表明：施药14d后，0．2％爱诺虫清EC2000倍液、10％哒四螨悬浮液、15％哒螨灵EC和20％灭扫利EC2000、3000倍液可取得良好的防治效果，其防效均达99．1％以上。