杂交中籼协优57群体性状与氮密效应的研究

试验结果表明 :杂交中籼协优 5 7群体性状及产量随着施氮量和栽插密度而异。施氮量与栽插密度两因素的交互效应大于因子简单效应之和 ,其作用极显著地影响着群体性状量的变动。处理组合的平均穗谷重、穗数和稻谷产量的变幅依次为 2 .60～ 3 .91g、2 3 0～ 3 0 1个 /m2 和 811.9～ 969.0g/m2     

Synthesis and Neuroprotective Action of Xyloketal Derivatives in Parkinson’s Disease Models

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting people over age 55. Oxidative stress actively participates in the dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration of PD. Xyloketals are a series of natural compounds from marine mangrove fungus strain No. 2508 that have been reported to protect against neurotoxicity through their antioxidant properties. However, their protection versus 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity is only modest, and appropriate structural modifications are necessary to discover better candidates for treating PD. In this work, we designed and synthesized 39 novel xyloketal derivatives (1–39) in addition to the previously reported compound, xyloketal B. The neuroprotective activities of all 40 compounds were evaluated in vivo via respiratory burst assays and longevity-extending assays. During the zebrafish respiratory burst assay, compounds 1, 9, 23, 24, 36 and 39 strongly attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at 50 μM. In the Caenorhabditis elegans longevity-extending assay, compounds 1, 8, 15, 16 and 36 significantly extended the survival rates (p < 0.005 vs. dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). A total of 15 compounds were tested for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease using the MPP+-induced C. elegans model, and compounds 1 and 8 exhibited the highest activities (p < 0.005 vs. MPP⁺). In the MPP+-induced C57BL/6 mouse PD model, 40 mg/kg of 1 and 8 protected against MPP+-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and increased the number of DA neurons from 53% for the MPP+ group to 78% and 74%, respectively (p < 0.001 vs. MPP+ group). Thus, these derivatives are novel candidates for the treatment of PD.     

早熟高产多抗冬小麦新品种 晋麦74号生育特性及配套栽培技术

为了给早熟高产多抗小麦新品种晋麦74号的推广应用提供配套的高产栽培技术,对其生育特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,晋麦74号具有前中期发育快,分蘖早而强,成穗率高形成较多的穗数;穗分化开始早,进程快,抽穗早形成早熟的特点。中后期幼穗发育与籽粒灌浆均较快,其灌浆期长短与对照品种相同,能避开干热风,粒重高而稳定。该品种具有多穗性强的特性,使其具备了播种期范围广和适应性强的栽培特点。     

协优57正交栽培试验研究

采用Ｌ９（３４）正交试验,得出秧龄对三系杂交中籼协优５７产量的影响最大,氮素水平次之,密度和施钾量的影响较小。协优５７在合肥地区作一季中稻种植,以５月１８日播种,秧龄４３ｄ,施纯氮２６２．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,密度２２．５万～３５万穴／ｈｍ２ 为宜。     

Phenotypic and genotypic diversity in Phytophthora infestans on potato in Great Britain, 1995–98

A total of 2691 single-lesion isolates of Phytophthora infestans was established from samples of late-blight disease from 354 commercial and garden/allotment sites in Scotland, England and Wales over four growing seasons, 1995–98. The A2 mating type was rare (3·0% of isolates) and was detected at only 34 sites. In vitro tests of sensitivity to the phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl showed that 316 sites yielded isolates with some insensitivity (resistant and/or intermediate); these were more often commercial sites than garden/allotment sites. Over the four seasons, the frequency of isolates with intermediate fungicide sensitivity increased, while the frequency of resistant phenotypes decreased. Resistant isolates were always of A1 mating type. A subset of 1459 isolates from 326 sites was analysed for molecular diversity. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype Ia predominated (91·0% of isolates); haplotype IIa was present at 54 sites and both haplotypes at 33 sites. The multilocus RFLP probe RG57 detected 30 fingerprints. Four fingerprints were particularly common (RF002, RF006, RF039 and RF040) and 10 were unique to a single site in a single year. The three commonest fingerprints (RF039 > RF002 > RF006) were of A1 mating type and the fourth (RF040) was A2. RF002 isolates were resistant to the phenylamide metalaxyl and were more common in Scotland than in England and Wales. Small sample sizes limited the usefulness of estimates of diversity. Although approximately half of all sites appeared to be colonized by RF039 genotypes, some sites (both commercial and garden/allotment) showed a higher diversity, having both common and unique genotypes. The genotypic diversity within isolates collected from commercial sites and those from garden/allotment sites were similar. The contributions of sexual reproduction and alternatives to sex to the generation of variation are discussed.     

Radix Pseudostellariae polysaccharide attenuates high fat diet induced hepatic insulin resistance in mice

AIM: To study the role of Radix Pseudostellariae polysaccharide (RPP) in hepatic insulin resistance.METHODS: Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into low-fat diet (LFD) control group and high-fat diet (HFD) model group. After 16 weeks, intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test (IPPTT) was performed to determine the establishment of the HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance model. HFD containing RPP (500 mg/kg) was given for 4 consecutive weeks. IPPTT, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level and liver mitochondrial MDA level were measured. The protein levels of p-AKT (Ser473/Thr308), p-AMPK, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NQO1 and IκBα in the liver tissues were measured by Western blot.RESULTS: After administration of RPP, a significant reduction in the levels of blood glucose and hepatic mitochondrial MDA was observed. The levels of p-AKT (Ser473/Thr308) and p-AMPK were significantly elevated in the liver tissues. The hepatic IκBα levels were up-regulated. RPP also enhanced the expression of Nrf2 system-regulated proteins NQO1 and HO-1 in the liver tissues.CONCLUSION: Radix Pseudostellariae polysaccharides effectively reduce HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice and improves liver glucose metabolism by ameliorating HFD-impaired hepatic transduction of insulin signaling, activating Nrf2-associated signaling and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory signaling proteins.     

Ontogenic and morphological study of gonadal formation in genetically-modified sex reversal XYPOS mice

Mammalian sexual fate is determined by the presence or absence of sex determining region of the Y chromosome (Sry) in the “bipotential” gonads. Recent studies have demonstrated that both male and female sexual development are induced by distinct and active genetic pathways. Breeding the Y chromosome from Mus m. domesticus poschiavinus (POS) strains into C57BL/6J (B6J) mice (B6J-XY^POS) has been shown to induce sex reversal (75%: bilateral ovary, 25%: true hermaphrodites). However, our B6N-XY^POS mice, which were generated by backcrossing of B6J-XY^POS on an inbred B6N-XX, develop as males (36%: bilateral testis with fertility as well as bilateral ovary (34%), and the remainder develop as true hermaphrodites. Here, we investigated in detail the expressions of essential sex-related genes and histological features in B6N-XY^POS mice from the fetal period to adulthood. The onsets of both Sry and SRY-box 9 (Sox9) expressions as determined spatiotemporally by whole-mount immunohistochemistry in the B6N-XY^POS gonads occurred 2–3 tail somites later than those in B6N-XY^B6 gonads, but earlier than those in B6J-XY^POS, respectively. It is possible that such a small difference in timing of the Sry expression underlies testicular development in our B6N-XY^POS. Our study is the first to histologically show the expression and ectopic localization of a female-related gene in the XY^POS testes and a male-related gene in the XY^POS ovaries. The results from these and previous experiments indicate that the interplay between genome variants, epigenetics and developmental gene regulation is crucial for testis development.     

高产节水型冬小麦新品种晋麦60号的选育研究

通过对晋麦60号选育经验的分析,明确了在目前生产条件下,对品种的要求不仅是限于获取高额产量,而且要能够适应不同的生态环境,最大限度地抵御各种自然灾害,形成稳产高产。同时对晋麦60号的选育技术、遗传背景和种质特性进行了讨论,提出了选育具有多抗性、高产、节水型小麦新品种的育种目标、品种类型和选择手段及其育种策略。     

新型水稻57H突变体的发掘与表征

在正常型水稻的发育种子中,谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白在胚乳细胞内质网被合成后,作为主要储藏蛋白质分别被蓄积成液泡型蛋白体与内质网衍生型蛋白体。一些57H变异导致57 kD谷蛋白前体高量增加与成熟型谷蛋白显著减少,是关于水稻储藏蛋白蓄积的基因突变。本研究采用SDS-PAGE技术,从水稻种质资源中,发现并获得2个57H突变体。种子全蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析显示, 这2个突变体兼具57 kD多肽链大量增加与13 kD多肽链缺失的性状,但并没有成熟型谷蛋白等其它储藏蛋白性状的变化;谷蛋白电泳与免疫印染分析显示它们中高量增加的多肽链是57 kD谷蛋白前体;醇溶蛋白电泳分析显示它们中缺失的多肽链是13 kD醇溶蛋白。这些结果表明所得的2份突变体具有与已报道57H突变体不同的性状。它们可能含有关于储藏蛋白质合成表达的未知遗传信息,是全面阐明储藏蛋白合成蓄积遗传调控机制的有用素材。