15N标记绿肥喂猪后还田的转化和效益的研究

本文用１５Ｎ标记绿肥与无Ｎ淀粉配制成饲料喂猪，猪体平均回收饲料１５Ｎ２３．５１％；猪粪回收１５Ｎ２３．８５％，猪尿回收１５Ｎ２８．７６％；饲料绿肥Ｎ的总回收率为７６．１２％。猪粪，尿还田，水稻全株对Ｎ的回收分别相当于饲料绿肥Ｎ的３．７５％和７．．２５％。其中转化至稻谷的分别为２．５１％和４．８２％。以经济产品计算，猪体和稻谷共回收饲料绿肥１５Ｎ３０．８４％，比１５Ｎ绿肥与尿素配施还田稻回收的绿肥Ｎ     

不同转群时间及喷洒精油对仔猪断奶应激的影响

为探讨不同的转群时间及转群前后喷洒精油对仔猪断奶应激的影响,优化仔猪断奶转群模式,试验选择28日龄、断奶体重（7.00±0.50）kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪192头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复16头。采用2×2两因素试验设计,分别探讨不同转群时间（08：00、20：00）及是否喷洒精油（喷洒、不喷洒）对断奶仔猪腹泻率、死亡率、血液生化指标、氧化指标及免疫指标的影响。结果表明：转群后1、8、24 h,各试验组仔猪血清总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）含量差异均不显著（P>0.05）;转群后1和8 h,晚上转群组仔猪血糖（GLU）含量低于早上转群理组,喷洒精油后GLU进一步降低;仔猪转群后1、8、24 h,各试验组仔猪血清中皮质醇（COR）和丙二醛（MDA）水平随转群后时间的增加而降低。转群后1和8 h,喷洒精油的两组仔猪血清MDA水平显著低于不喷组（P<0.05）,24 h后血清COR水平显著下降（P<0.05）;转群后1、8、24 h,各处理组仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量无显著差异（P>0.05）,转群后1和24 h,早上转群但不喷洒精油组仔猪血清白细胞介素-10（IL-10）与晚上转群且不喷洒精油组无显著差异（P>0.05）,而喷洒精油后,IL-10水平均显著下降（P<0.05）,以晚上转群且喷洒精油组仔猪血清IL-10水平最低。综上所述,晚上转群对断奶仔猪的应激程度小于早上转群,喷洒精油能进一步缓解应激,晚上转群并喷洒精油是减少仔猪断奶转群的理想模式。     

卵泡刺激素受体基因作为产仔数候选基因的研究

分析了FSHR基因2个位点（FSHRA、FSHRB）的PCR－SSCP、PCR－RFLPs多态性，利用SAS软件分析了多态性与母猪产仔数间连锁关系。找到了1个影响产仔数的新的变异位点FSHRB，该位点多态性显著地影响猪产仔数性状，即基因型BB的产仔数显著地高于AB、AA基因型。结果显示出该位点具有作为常规选育的辅助选择的有效的分子标记潜力。     

Pharmacokinetics of Flunixin Meglumine After Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration in Pigs

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine （FM） was investigated in 14 healthy pigs following single intravenous （i.v.） and intramuscular （i.m.） administration of the drug at the dosage of 2.2 and 1.1 mg kg-1. Blood samples were collected at different intervals after administration, and concentrations of FM were determined by HPLC method with a limit of detection of 0.1μg mL-1. The FM concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment open model after single i.v. dosing in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： tl/2a, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.58±0.07 h; tl/2β, 6.28±0.13 and 7.37 ±0.59 h; V/F, 0.01 ±0.001 and 0.01 ±0.002 L kg-1; CL, 0.01 ± 0.002 and 0.01 ± 0.002 L h-l; AUC, 237.73 ± 52.46 and 147.71 ± 36.76μg h-1 mL-1. The drug concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment model with first-order absorption after single i.m. administration in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： t1/2α, 0.90± 0.07 and 0.86±0.10 h; t1/2β, 8.79±0.85 and 9.60±0.10 h; V/F, 0.02±0.004 and 0.02±0.003 L kg-1; CL, 0.01±0.002 and 0.01 ±0.003 L h-l; AUC, 174.63 ± 45.84 and 112.42 ± 31.19 pg h-1 mL 1. The results of the present study showed that FM was rapidly absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in pigs. The drug was completely absorbed after single i.m. administration and a good bioavailability in pigs.     

Effect on Rendement Napole genotype on metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed different levels of fat

We investigated effects of Rendement Napole (RN ) genotype on metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed diets with different levels of dietary fat. Thirty‐two pigs, belonging to either the wild‐type (WT , rn⁺/rn⁺) or carrier (CAR , RN ^?/rn⁺) genotypes (n  = 16/genotype), were divided into two dietary groups, (high fat [HF ] or low fat [LF ]) diets, for 12 weeks (n  = 8 pigs/genotype/diet) after which pigs were killed for gene expression analysis by RT ‐PCR . Feeding HF diet caused increased daily gain (ADG , p  <  .05) and final body weight (BW ) (p  <  .05) in comparison with the LF diet (p  <  .05). Feed efficiency (gain:feed) was higher (p  <  .05) in pigs on the HF and was higher (p  <  .05) in CAR pigs compared to WT . There was genotype × diet interaction (p  =  .05) on final BW such that CAR animals on LF diet had the same final BW as animals of both genotypes on HF diet. Carrier pigs on LF diet had higher (p  <  .05) average daily gain and gain:feed than WT pigs. There was a trend (p  <  .08) for a higher feed consumption in pigs on the LF diet. Backfat thickness was higher (p  <  .01) in pigs on the HF diet. Serum triglyceride was higher (0.62 vs. 0.33 mg/dl, p  <  .01) in pigs on HF diet. Serum insulin was higher (p  <  .05) in CAR versus WT pigs (0.40 vs. 0.015 μg/ml). Pigs on the HF diet had a higher (p  <  .05) serum insulin compared to those on the LF diet (0.032 vs. 0.023 μg/ml). Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1‐alpha was higher (p  <  .05) in the longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscles of pigs on HF diet. Acyl‐CoA oxidase I was elevated (p  <  .05) in the liver of pigs on HF diet. Fatty acid synthase was lower in the longissimus dorsi muscle, liver and mesenteric fat (p  <  .05) of carrier pigs. The RN gene regulates specific metabolic markers in the Ossabaw pigs.     

猪体细胞核移植重构胚发育异常及印迹基因表达特征研究的进展

由于猪的器官极可能成为人类未来器官的供应源,猪体细胞核移殖及转基因等方面的研究已成为全球的热点。近几年来,猪体细胞核移植研究取得了一定的进展,但总体来看核移植效率还很低(1%~2%),还需要不断完善核移植程序及对一些基础问题的深入研究。本文主要对猪体细胞核移植重构胚发育异常及“印迹”基因表达特征作一综述与分析,旨在为研究者提供一些有益的启示。     

晋汾白猪ApoA5基因单倍型与体重和肉质性状的相关性分析

试验旨在探究晋汾白猪载脂蛋白A5（apolipoprotein A5,ApoA5）基因的单倍型与体重和肉质性状的相关性。选取180头晋汾白猪为研究群体,利用PCR技术检测ApoA5基因的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）,并采用Haploview软件分析这些SNP位点的连锁不平衡程度;筛选非完全连锁的SNP位点,构建不同的ApoA5基因单倍型,统计不同单倍型的基因频率,并通过SPSS软件分析不同ApoA5基因单倍型与晋汾白猪体重和肉质性状的相关性,鉴定优良性状的ApoA5基因单倍型。结果显示,晋汾白猪ApoA5基因共检测到21个SNPs位点,其中5个完全连锁单倍型块,分别包含5、2、3、4和2个SNPs位点;另外10个非完全连锁的标签SNP组合成不同的ApoA5基因单倍型,其中Hap 1的基因频率最高,达到46.7%,远高于其他单倍型;ApoA5基因单倍型与晋汾白猪的初生重、断奶重、6月龄体重、肌内脂肪含量、剪切力和滴水损失均具有明显的相关性,而与pH_{24 h}没有明显的相关性;ApoA5基因Hap 11晋汾白猪的初生重、断奶重、6月龄体重和肌内脂肪含量均最高,且剪切力最低,滴水损失也相对较低;Hap 6的初生重最低;Hap 2的断奶重和6月龄体重均最低;Hap 3的肌内脂肪含量最低,剪切力最高;Hap 10的滴水损失最高。晋汾白猪ApoA5基因Hap 11属于优良性状单倍型,是一个具有优良性状的分子标记,可以用于晋汾白猪的分子育种,提高选种效率。     

Characterizing the Economic Value and Impacts of Wild Pig Damage on a Rural Economy

Wild pigs are a free-ranging invasive species capable of inflicting significant damage on rural property. Wildlife management personnel may benefit from understanding the negative societal impact of wild pigs. A statewide mail survey of randomly selected landowners was conducted in rural Tennessee counties known to have wild pigs. The economic value of damage caused by wild pigs in 2015 in these counties was estimated at $26.22 million, whereas the cost incurred in control and eradication was $2.09 million. Input-output modeling of damage in these counties on the state’s economy showed $32.8 million in lost industrial output, $4.6 million in lost labor income, and 332 jobs or job equivalents affected. Findings are useful in understanding the types of damage, and the extent of these impacts on the rural economy. They could also facilitate comparing the expected benefit with the cost of control programs in Tennessee and comparable areas facing similar invasions from wild pigs.     

不同体重阶段川藏黑猪和杜长大猪肌肉中氨基酸含量研究

为了研究不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸沉积规律,试验采用高效液相色谱检测了不同体重梯度（90、110和130 kg）的川藏黑猪和杜长大（DLY）猪背最长肌中氨基酸含量。结果表明,谷氨酸在两猪种肌肉中含量最高,含硫氨基酸总量在90和130 kg体重梯度时表现为川藏黑猪显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）,110 kg体重梯度时极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,而同一猪种不同体重梯度间各种氨基酸组成差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例（FAA/TAA）在90 kg体重梯度表现为川藏黑猪极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,130 kg体重梯度时显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）。本研究说明川藏黑猪肌肉中与风味相关的氨基酸含量高于DLY猪,我们认为这也是川藏黑猪的肌肉风味比DLY猪更浓郁的重要原因之一。我们的研究初步揭示了不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸的沉积规律及构成差异,为进一步研究猪肉风味形成机理提供数据。     

郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎治疗效果的研究

为了研究郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎的治疗效果,从张家口顺德猪场选取患有传染性胃肠炎的成年长白猪20头,随机分为郁金散加减方低剂量组、郁金散加减方高剂量组、西药组和对照组,每组各5头。郁金散加减方组每天灌服郁金散方剂,早晚各1次,低、高剂量组分别按6、7mL/kg体重给药;西药组每天灌服金刚乙胺,颈部皮下注射氟苯尼考,早晚各1次;对照组正常饲喂,不给药。7d后观察临床症状和生长性能,测定血常规、血清生化指标、血清免疫指标及抗氧化指标。结果表明:郁金散加减方组和西药组病猪反应灵敏,体温正常,进食量增加,粪便恢复正常。低、高剂量组和西药组治愈率分别为80%、90%和60%,郁金散加减方的治疗效果优于西药治疗。与对照组相比,高剂量组能极显著提高猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),极显著降低料重比(P<0.01);3个给药组均能极显著降低血尿素氮(BUN)、丙二醛(MDA)和白细胞数量(WBC)(P<0.01),极显著提高血清钾(K)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),但3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);高剂量组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于低剂量组、西药组和对照组(P<0.01)。表明郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎有较好的治疗效果,其中郁金散加减方高剂量组效果更好。