面向农场的网络视频平台需求分析

针对国家“宽带中国”战略的提出和三网融合政策的逐步推进,结合农场生产和管理现状,分析了农业科技推广网络视频平台的需求状况和建设农业网络视频平台的可行性,提出系统建设目标,研究基层农业部门可通用的农业科技推广途径.     

Rapid and Sensitive Identification of Horse and Donkey Meat in Iraqi Markets Using SSR and PCR-RFLP Based on Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome B Gene

This study was carried out at the Genetic Engineering Lab, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. DNA was extracted from samples containing meat of commercial products in the Basrah markets. The products subjected to analysis using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） with species specific repeat （SSR） and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） techniques based on the sequence of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene （mtDNA cyt b gene）. Then digestion with the Alu l restriction enzyme to establish a differential diagnosis detects and discriminates between meat species and adulteration in the products. SSR primers were applied, has been detected amplification of the encoded gene product, generated 221 bp in some imported minced and canned meat samples. The results show that SSR analysis produced a pattern that allowed a direct identification of horse and donkey meats in some imported minced and canned meat samples （Hana, Monde and Bavaria）. The amplified 359 bp gene of mtDNA cyt b gene from samples in different product was cut using Alu 1 restriction enzyme resulting in restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）. Alu 1 was used to distinguish between the animals meat that belong to the family or one species. The digestion of the PCR product showed differences between products. Where the fragment length generated were 74, 76 and 189 bp. It belonged to horse meat. The fraud was detected in Hana, Monde and Bavaria products available in Basrah markets showing the presence of horse meat in these products that labeled as beef meats 100%. This revealed mtDNA cyt b gene as highly conserved and consequently a good molecular marker for diagnostic studies. Thus, this technique can be applied to food authentication for the identification of different species of animals in food products.     

集约化猪场的污染物减量排放及无害化处理

集约化猪场粪尿污染已成为养猪生产的重要制约因素,有效治理污染和保护环境为许多学者所关注.深入研究集约化猪场生产中污染来源和主要污染物排放量,采取减少污染物排放措施,开展对污染物进行无害化处理,将对实现养猪业健康环保可持续发展具有重要指导作用.     

Effect of Inside-cage and Outside-cage Environment on Behaviour Test Performance of Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus)

Abstract

In-cage reaction tests, the open field test and daily activity in the home cage were used to assess the effect of the internal design and location of cages on the behaviour of juvenile blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) during the growing season. The inclusion of nest boxes or resting platforms affected the behaviour of farmed blue foxes, but to a lesser extent than did the location of the animal in the cage row, i.e. the environment outside the cage itself. This study demonstrated that the actual environment in which the farm foxes live may be far larger than the cage interior itself, and that attempts to improve housing design should take into consideration the environment outside the cage to a greater extent than has heretofore been the case.     

Welfare of farmed deer in New Zealand. 1. Management practices

This review summarises research of management practices that potentially impact on the welfare of farmed deer. The processes of capture and initial domestication of feral deer caused many welfare problems but are now essentially complete in New Zealand. The health and production status of farmed deer, and readily visible indicators of their welfare are generally good, although preventive medicines and optimum management practices have not been universally adopted. Research into social behaviour, effects of yarding, weaning, mating, calving, shelter, shade and nutrition has identified ways of improving the welfare of farmed deer and has provided recommendations for deer industry quality assurance programmes. Research has identified transport design and practices that minimise the impact of transport on deer welfare and reduce carcass wastage caused by bruising during transport. Time in lairage prior to slaughter should be minimised and electrical stunning is a humane method of slaughter. Ongoing research is needed on management practices and farm environments to further improve the welfare of farmed deer, consistent with the goals of the New Zealand deer industry and its proactive approach to date.     

Vitamin E,selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids in clinically normal grower (9–16 week old) pigs and their feed: their relationship to the vitamin E/selenium deficiency (“VESD”) syndrome

Vitamin E, selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were determined in feed used at three piggeries over a four-week period and compared with corresponding concentrations in clinically normal grower pigs at slaughter. Mean values were vitamin E: 59 IU/kg (feed), 6 μmol/kg (liver), 1.7 μmol/1 (serum); and selenium: 310 μg/kg (feed), 5200 nmol/kg (liver), 1700 nmol/1 (blood). Alpha-tocopherol accounted for 80% of the mean vitamin E activity in the feed and over 95% that in the liver and serum. The mean ratio of PUFA to total fatty acid (FA) in the feed (38%) was similar to that in the serum (36%) and liver (39%), but the ratio of peroxidisable PUFA (PPUFA) to FA increased from 1.7% in the feed to 4.2% in the serum and 10.8% in the liver. The ratio of α-tocopherol (mmol) to PPUFA (mol) in the liver varied from 0.16 to 0.48. The relationship of these data to the “VESD” syndrome is discussed in the light of other published data.     

兽用消毒药的种类及其在养殖场中的合理使用

就兽用消毒药的种类、消毒药的选择、使用方法以及消毒效果的评价、养殖场的消毒管理等方面进行了介绍,为养殖场的消毒工作提供借鉴.     

信息化奶牛场管理软件的开发与应用

在现代科技的发展和人们需求不断提高的推动下,各类畜禽养殖业发展迅速.奶牛场的生产模式也逐步向规模化和集约化转变,在这种形式下,传统手工运作模式对现今大型奶牛场的管理显得力不从心,将信息化系统引入奶牛场的管理已成必然趋势.针对以上问题,本文采用Visual C++程序设计语言开发了一套奶牛场信息化管理系统,实现了对奶牛和牛场员工的信息化管理,并可自动对奶牛的产奶量、疫病等状况进行系统分析与科学评估.同时通过SQL Server后台数据库实现了对相关信息的转储和共享,为工作人员和管理者全面掌握生产经营状况,实现对奶牛场的科学、有效管理,提高生产效率奠定了基础.     

Changes in intake of milk and dairy products among elementary schoolchildren following experiential studies of dairy farming

This study intends to clarify the effects of hands‐on dairy farming experience on the consumption of milk and dairy products. A survey was conducted on 474 elementary schoolchildren and their parents at eight elementary schools that offered hands‐on dairy farming experience at four dairy farms in Hokkaido, Japan. In the survey, questionnaires were used to inquire about the children's milk and dairy product intake before and after the hands‐on experience. In addition, milk intake at school was investigated weekly for 3 months after the hands‐on experience. The parents were asked about the children's intake of milk and dairy products at home before and after the hands‐on experience. Analysis of the survey results indicated a significant increase in the amount and frequency of milk consumed and the frequency of yogurt consumed at home by the children immediately after the hands‐on experience. Accordingly, the study suggested that the hands‐on dairy farming experience had the effect of increasing children's milk and dairy product consumption at home.     

禽畜养殖粪便中多重抗生素抗性细菌研究

通过对新乡地区8家养猪场和11家养鸡场饲喂抗生素情况的调研,发现头孢氨苄、阿莫西林、卡那霉素、庆大霉素等4种抗生素是该地区被普遍使用的兽药抗生素。通过多点取样法和微生物培养技术对3家养鸡场和3家养猪场不同养殖时期的粪便进行单一抗生素和多重抗生素抗性细菌的检测,结果表明养鸡场堆置1周的粪便中抗头孢氨苄的细菌比例最高,达到65.90%,对所研究的3种和4种抗生素同时抗性的比例高达8.60%-12.51%和9.73%,明显高于饲喂中药的对照养鸡场样本检测结果(0.02%-2.73%和0.12%)。养猪场堆置1周的粪便中检测到抗头孢氨苄的细菌比例也是最高,达到49.12%上,但养猪场粪便中多重抗生素抗性细菌的比例明显低于养鸡场。同时研究发现,在两种养殖场中,幼龄期粪便中检测到的多重抗性细菌比例明显高于成熟期粪便,这可能与养殖过程中鸡、猪在幼龄期由于防病和促生长等因素而同时大剂量使用多种抗生素有关。