落叶松树皮粉改性酚醛树脂胶粘剂的研制

本文研究了在新型催化剂作用下落叶松树皮粉的苯酚化反应和树脂胶粘剂的制备,并通过压板试验对胶粘剂的性能进行了评价。实验结果表明,由于采用新型催化剂可以使落叶松树皮粉对苯酚的取代量达到50%以上,并且制备的落叶松树皮粉改性酚醛树脂胶粘剂具有与常规的酚醛树脂胶粘剂相同的耐水性,可降低酚醛树脂胶粘剂的成本40%左右。     

牙鲆养殖循环系统中固体废物的去除研究

对自行设计的牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus循环养殖系统采用斜板式沉淀槽、水力旋流器、泡沫分离器去除固体颗粒物的效果进行了研究。结果表明:该系统实际运行过程中,养殖槽的固体颗粒物含量小于10 mg/L;对养殖水中总悬浮固体颗粒物的去除能力,沉淀槽最强,去除量(干重,下同)为(11.3±3.5)g/d,占69.2%,水力旋流器为(4.8±1.0)g/d,占29.5%,泡沫分离器为(0.2±0.1)g/d,占1.3%;对难沉降颗粒物的去除能力,泡沫分离器较强,去除量为(4.2±1.1)g/d,占53.1%,其中挥发性悬浮固体占93.2%,沉淀槽为(3.6±0.7)g/d,占44.8%,水力旋流器为(0.2±0.0)g/d,占2.1%;牙鲆摄食饲料所产生的固体废物量(干重)约为245.8 g/kg。     

辽东半岛（黄海北部）溯河鳗苗食性的初步研究

本文研究了溯河白仔鳗的食性,内容包括摄食消化器官的形态构造、食物组成、摄食频率和摄食强度、对食物的选择性和食性特征分析。     

Genetic improvement in pine wilt disease resistance inPinus thunbergii: The effectiveness of pre-screening with an artificial inoculation at the nursery

Open pollinated progenies from 15 clones of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), that had been selected for their tolerance to pine wilt disease, were tested by artificial inoculation with pine wood nematode for six years at a nursery of Kyushu Regional Breeding Office. Family variations in the respective year were all significant. An analysis of variance across the six years’ tests confirmed highly significant effect of year and of families; however, the year by family interaction was significant also. Phenotypic and genetic variances estimated from each year’s result were fitted to a quadratic regression using their mean survival ratio as an independent variable. The variances were greatest at around 0.5 of the mean survival ratio. Estimated heritability showed a similar trend of change, whereas the peak of the expected amount of improvement shifted toward the lower survival range: around 0.4, where a greater selection differential was anticipated. It was concluded that a useful amount of genetic improvement that may be reduced by 30% due to the interaction, would be expected by prescreening seedlings where the mean survival ratio after inoculation was around 0.25 to 0.6.     

猪乙脑病毒HW株的全基因组克隆及分析

流行性乙型脑炎(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)是一种中枢系统人畜共患急性传染病,由蚊为媒介传播,以高热和狂暴或沉郁等神经症状为特征[1],猪患乙型脑炎的主要症状表现为怀孕母猪流产,产死胎或弱仔,公猪则患睾丸炎,仔猪呈神经症状,使养猪业遭受巨大损失。1988年我国学者方     

Economic valuation of cultivated lands as nitrogen removal/effusion sites by newly proposed replacement cost method

To valuate the multifunctionality economically is effective to make it possible to realize the value for the nation and to compare functionalities among countries of the world. In this paper, the external economies of paddy fields and fallow paddy fields including wetlands as N removal function sites, and of upland fields and orchards as pollution sites are valuated by the newly proposed replacement cost method, by replacing them with construction costs of water quality improvement facilities. In addition, we discuss an agricultural land-use scenario in which cultivated land has no net negative economic effect on the water environment. The results showed that (1) paddy fields and fallow paddy fields including wetlands were respectively valued at 1.2×10³ and 2.81×10³ JPY m⁻² on average as the N removal sites, (2) upland fields had 0.32×10³ JPY m⁻² on average of economic value, and suggested that paddy fields have an external economic value that compensates for the negative external economic value of upland fields 3.65 times their size.     

Carbon dioxide exchange of a larch forest after a typhoon disturbance

A typhoon event catastrophically destroyed a 45-year-old Japanese larch plantation in southern Hokkaido, northern Japan in September 2004, and about 90% of trees were blown down. Vegetation was measured to investigate its regeneration process and CO₂ flux, or net ecosystem production (NEP), was measured in 2006–2008 using an automated chamber system to investigate the effects of typhoon disturbance on the ecosystem carbon balance. Annual maximum aboveground biomass (AGB) increased from 2.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2006 to 4.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2007, whereas no change occurred in annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), which was 3.7 m² m⁻² in 2006 and 3.9 m² m⁻² in 2007. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) had become dominant within 2 years after the typhoon disturbance, and came to account for about 60% and 50% of AGB and LAI, respectively. In comparison with CO₂ fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in 2001–2003, for 4.5 months during the growing season, the sum of gross primary production (GPP) decreased on average by 739 gC m⁻² (64%) after the disturbance, whereas ecosystem respiration (RE) decreased by 501 gC m⁻² (51%). As a result, NEP decreased from 159 ± 57 gC m⁻² to −80 ± 30 gC m⁻², which shows that the ecosystem shifted from a carbon sink to a source. Seasonal variation in RE was strongly correlated to soil temperature. The interannual variation in the seasonal trend of RE was small. Light-saturated GPP (P_max) decreased from 30–45 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 8–12 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ during the summer season through the disturbance because of large reduction in LAI.     

鞘蛾铖害后诱导华北落叶松体内化学物质变化的研究

本文于１９９７￣１９９８年在山西省关帝山和五台山林区,通过定点定期采样结合实验室化学测试,研究了华北落叶松鞘蛾,Ｃｏｌｅｏｐｈｏｒａ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｙａｎｇ（鳞翅目,鞘蛾科）,取食危害后,诱导华北落叶松Ｌａｒｉｘ Ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐ－ｐｉｓ－ｒｕｐｐｒｅｃｈｔｉｉ Ｍａｙｒ．树体内化学物质的变化及其与抗虫性相关的生理生化反应。结果表明,华北落叶松鞘蛾危害后,能使树体产生一系列生理生化反应,表现出强烈的抗虫性。首先是树体内产生有毒次生代谢物如单宁和游离酚的变化。在鞘蛾幼虫暴食的５月份,单宁在针叶内从低含量迅速增加,形成第１个峰值。在中等受害区,这种增加幅度到鞘蛾取食后的６月份可以超过对照区。严重受害区单宁的前、中期略低于前２区,但持续增长时间更长。单宁在韧皮部内的含量在实期由高向低下降,说明它有可能是从枝条转向叶     

牙鲆雌核发育研究进展

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)是一种重要的海水经济鱼类,其雌性生长速度显著快于雄性。因此,生产全雌牙鲆对提高养殖产量和经济效益具有重要意义。雌核发育是一种特殊的有性生殖方式,在这种生殖方式中,灭活的精子进入卵子,激活胚胎发育,但精核不与卵核融合形成合子,所以雌核发育的个体只具有母本的遗传信息。目前,牙鲆已成为雌核发育技术应用于产业的代表性鱼类。本文对牙鲆人工诱导雌核发育的研究进展进行综述,介绍牙鲆减数分裂雌核发育和有丝分裂雌核发育的诱导方法,以及雌核发育技术在性别控制、克隆制备等育种研究中的应用。最后,作者提出"雌核发育育种体系"构想,并对其在鱼类育种和遗传研究中的应用前景进行展望。