一种细胞因子检测新方法--ELISPOT技术

抗原特异性细胞毒T细胞在控制病毒感染和某些肿瘤中具有重要作用 ,如何准确地定量、定性抗原特异的T细胞反应及评价其作用 ,是细胞免疫学中的一项重要课题。ELISPOT技术是近年来正为众多研究者所认可的一项通过检测细胞因子 ,评价T淋巴细胞功能和特异性的新方法。与其他细胞免疫学方法相比较 ,该方法特异性强、灵敏度高、能够直接检测分泌细胞因子细胞 ,而无需体外扩增。ELISPOT技术对病毒性疾病和肿瘤的发病机制以及体内细胞免疫功能的了解具有重要的意义 ,也为这些疾病的细胞免疫治疗提供了理论依据。目前 ,有研究显示该方法不仅应用于肿瘤免疫及其治疗中 ,而且在细胞内感染微生物、自身免疫性疾病发病机制、治疗等方面均有巨大的发展潜力     

中药复方提取物对免疫抑制雏鸡IBD疫苗的免疫增强效果

为探索中药复方提取物(由黄芪、女贞子、枸杞子、菟丝子按质量比2∶2∶1∶1制备而成)对免疫抑制雏鸡的免疫增强效果,将180羽3日龄SPF雏鸡随机均分为对照组、模型组、阳性药物组、中药复方提取物高、中、低剂量组,试验组雏鸡连续3 d每天肌肉注射环磷酰胺90 mg/kg,建立鸡免疫抑制模型,对照组注射等量的生理盐水,中药复方提取物高、中、低组每天分别在饮水中添加10.0、5.0、2.5g/L的中药复方提取物,阳性药物组每天添加200 mg/L的黄芪多糖粉,连续添加7 d。试验期38 d。结果显示:饮水中添加10.0、5.0 g/L中药复方提取物,免疫抑制雏鸡末体质量、日均增体质量和脾脏指数均显著高于模型组的(P0.05);添加14 d后,雏鸡血清IgM含量开始高于对照组,并维持在较高水平;21 d后,血清中IgA、IFN–γ和中剂量组的IgG含量显著高于模型组的(P0.05);在接种传染性法氏囊(IBD)疫苗后7 d,雏鸡传染性法氏囊病毒抗体效价提高,接种14 d后,还能维持较高的抗体效价水平,IBD疫苗的免疫效果增强。可见,在本试验条件下,在饮水中添加10.0、5.0 g/L的中药复方提取物能有效提高免疫抑制雏鸡的生长性能,改善其免疫功能,增强IBD疫苗的免疫保护效果。     

Effects of Monoclonal Antibody Against Adipocyte-Specific Membrane Protein on Lipid Metabolism in Pigs

This study was to investigate the regulation of monoclonal antibodies against adipocyte membrane proteins （McAb） on lipid metabolism in pigs. Forty Landrace x Saba pigs were randomly divided into eight groups; the control group was given 10 mL saline and the treat groups were given monoclonal antibody against adipocyte-specific membrane protein with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg kg-I body weight at 15 and 60 kg body weight, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that McAb could increase, significantly, serum lipoprotein lipase activity and reduce serum nonesterified fatty acid （NEFA） content. Meanwhile, McAb increased content of serum lipid, triglyceride （TG）, cholesterol （CHO）, high density lipoprotein （HDL）, and low density lipoprotein （LDL） both at 15 and 60 kg body weight. However, McAb affected more significantly the lipid metabolism at 15 kg body weight than at 60 kg body weight. Moreover, this effect of McAb on lipid metabolism exhibited dose-dependent effect. These results suggested that this monoclonal antibody increased lipase activity, promoted lipolysis, and utilization of lipid so that McAb could be applied to restrain excessive fat deposition in porcine production through the regulation of fat metabolism.     

左旋咪唑对新城疫灭活疫苗抗体滴度的影响

为探讨免疫增强剂左旋咪唑对新城疫灭活疫苗抗体滴度的影响,将20只20日龄雏鸡,随机分成A、B、C、D4组,每组5只。分别皮下注射新城疫灭活疫苗0.5ml/羽,同时注射A组雏鸡高(0.6mg)、B组中(0.3mg)、C组低(0.15mg)剂量的左旋咪唑,对照组D不加。免疫后0天、7天、14天、21天和28天,翅下静脉采血并检测新城疫抗体滴度。结果显示:免疫前4组抗体水平基本一致,无统计学意义;免疫后7天,14天,21天,高、中、低3组抗体水平基本一致,4组的抗体水平相差均在2个滴度以内,统计分析无明显差异;免疫后28天,B组抗体水平较高。统计分析显示,对照组与高、中、低3组均有显著差异,但无剂量差异;在高、中、低3组中,以中剂量添加最佳,抗体效价高(7.2log2),但中剂量组与高、低组的差异不显著。这表明,左旋咪唑的添加提高新城疫抗体滴度,并且与免疫后时间长短有关系。从趋势看,随着时间的推移,添加组的抗体水平好于对照组。     

茶毛虫核型多角体病毒ph基因抗体的制备与利用

以茶毛虫核型多角体病毒(EupsNPV)的基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增出全长为741bp的ph基因编码区片段。将Ep-ph编码区插入pET-28-a,构建了原核表达载体pET-28-a-Ep-ph,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下进行了高效的表达。以经表达纯化的目的融合蛋白作为抗原,免疫新西兰大白兔,制备了EupsNPV的ph抗体,测得的抗体效价为6.4×104。Western blotting检测表明制得的抗体对核型多角体病毒有良好的特异性。利用制备的抗体用间接ELISA方法对茶毛虫病毒样品进行了定量分析,得到线性回归方程为y=0.4152x-0.8299,相关系数r=0.9897(P<0.01)。间接ELISA方法表明该抗体可以用于核型多角体病毒生物农药的定量检测,从而为核型多角体病毒的检测农药制剂提供了一种准确有效的方法。     

抗鸡关节炎病毒单克隆抗体介导间接ELISA的建立

利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备出抗鸡关节炎病毒特异的、具有群反应特性的单克隆抗体,挑选其中ＡＤ８株作为一抗建立检测抗原的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ,该法具有高度的特异性和敏感性,不仅适用于大面积检测的需要,而且可用于该病的早期诊断。     

酶联免疫吸附试验方法的比较

应用白背飞虱单克隆抗体比较了３种酶联免疫吸附试验方法。结果表明：间接酶联免疫吸附试验的灵敏度高于直接酶联免疫吸附试验,分别为０．０３１２５μｇ蛋白／ｍｌ（相当于１／２５６头成虫）和０．０６２５μｇ蛋白／ｍｌ（相当于１／１２８头成虫）,而双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附试验无法使用。样品中非目标抗原（捕食者）浓度对检测结果有显著的影响,且对直接酶联免疫吸附试验的影响更大,检测时必须对样品做适当的稀释     

Antibody Response in Goats Vaccinated with Liposome-adjuvanted Clostridium perfringens Type D Epsilon Toxoid

A trial was performed using 20 goats to evaluate the antibody responses to a liposome-adjuvanted Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxoid vaccine (LIPV). The antibody response was compared with those produced by epsilon toxoid vaccines prepared using aluminium hydroxide (ALV) and incomplete Freud's adjuvant (FAV). The animals were allocated to four groups at the beginning of the trial. The animals in group 1 were vaccinated with ALV, while the animals in group 2 received FAV and those in groups 3 and 4 were vaccinated with LIPV. The animals in groups 1 to 3 received three doses of the corresponding vaccine at intervals of three weeks, while those in group 4 received only 1 dose of vaccine at the beginning of the trial. A blood sample was obtained from all the goats at the beginning of the trial and then weekly for 8 weeks. The samples were analysed for epsilon toxoid antibodies by an indirect ELISA technique. No major clinical abnormalities were observed in the animals after vaccination, with the exception of those that received the FAV, which experienced transient lameness. The highest antibody response was observed in the animals vaccinated with FAV, but they presented moderate to severe inflammatory tissue reactions at the injection site. Moderately high antibody responses were obtained with the ALV, with which only minor local reactions were observed. No significant antibody responses were obtained with the LIPV, nor were local reactions observed.     

单克隆抗体捕获ELISA检测鸡多杀性巴氏杆菌IgM抗体

应用抗鸡ＩｇＭ单克隆抗体建立了检测鸡抗多杀性巴氏杆菌（Ｐ．ｍ．）血清中特异性ＩｇＭ抗体的单克隆抗体捕获ＥＬＩＳＡ,其敏感性、特异性、重复性优于间接ＥＬＩＳＡ。用于检测鸡抗Ｐ．ｍ．的特异性ＩｇＭ抗体发现：鸡在注射免疫Ｐ．ｍ．灭活苗后第４天即可检测到ＩｇＭ抗体,并且上升较快,峰值在第２周为１：５１２０;鸡在口服免疫Ｐ．ｍ．弱毒活苗后ＩｇＭ抗体上升缓慢,峰值在第４周左右,滴度较低为１：３２０;鸡在由不同途径感染不同的Ｐ．ｍ．强毒后第８天时,ＩｇＭ抗体滴度都明显上升。同时应用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＩｇＧ抗体滴度进行比较。本项研究对建立检测鸡抗其它病原微生物特异性ＩｇＭ抗体方法具有借鉴意义。     

Distribution of the introduced cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in a wild population of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), which causes a lethal disease in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and koi, C. carpio koi , first occurred in Lake Biwa, Japan in 2004. To elucidate distribution of CyHV-3 in a wild common carp population, we conducted a PCR survey of CyHV-3 among such fish in Lake Biwa in 2006. Only 6% (1/18) of the common carp smaller than 300 mm were positive with PCR, whereas 31% (18/58) of fish larger than 300 mm were positive. To evaluate their past exposure to CyHV-3 infection based on the presence of antibodies, we also measured the levels of serum anti-CyHV-3 antibodies in the carp, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. None (0/26) of the fish smaller than 300 mm was positive for the antibodies, whereas 54% (33/61) of fish larger than 300 mm were positive. Of the antibody-positive individuals, 44% (14/32) were also positive by PCR strongly suggesting that wild common carp that survived infection become CyHV-3 carriers. Five individuals were positive by PCR but negative for antibodies indicating that their infection with CyHV-3 had occurred recently. These results suggest that transmission of CyHV-3 from carriers to naïve common carp is still occurring in Lake Biwa.