Detection of beet yellows virus in sugarbeet plants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Beet yellows virus can be detected in leaf extracts of infected sugarbeet plants by ELISA. The use of discs was studied and proved to be a valuable and qualitatively reliable method. Leaf material could be stored at 4^o or 22°C for at least six days without affecting the detection of this virus by ELISA. A dramatic decrease in ELISA values was found when leaf extracts were frozen.In an analysis of the distribution of virus over the plant it was found that young leaves present at the moment of infection and those which had still to develop after infection will contain virus. Symptoms produced by systemic virus invasion occur on the oldest leaves containing virus.Samenvatting Het bietevergelingsvirus kan op betrouwbare wijze met de ELISA methode in geïnfecteerde bieteplanten worden aangetoond. Een aanzienlijke vereenvoudiging van de procedure kan worden bereikt met de zogenaamde disc-method, waarbij intacte ponsstukjes in de putjes van de ELISA-plaat worden geïncubeerd. Hierbij komt voldoende virus uit de ponsstukjes voor ELISA vrij. Bladmateriaal kon op verschillende wijzen bewaard worden zonder dat de mogelijkheid om het virus aan te tonen achteruitging. Met bladextracten die ingevroren waren, werden echter slechte resultaten verkregen.In een analyse naar de verdeling van het virus over het loof bleek het virus voor te komen in de geïnoculeerde bladeren, in die bladeren die op het tijdstip van inoculatie minder dan de helft van hun uiteindelijke lengte bereikt hadden en in de bladeren die nog moesten verschijnen. De symptomen ontwikkelden zich op de oudste systemisch geïnfecteerde bladeren.     

陕西线辣椒病毒病病原检测简报

在陕西省线辣椒主产区多点随机取样,采用酶联免疫吸附法对陕西线辣椒病毒病毒原进 行了鉴定。结果表明,陕西线辣椒病毒病毒原有BBWV、PMMV、CMV、ToMV、TMV、PVY和 CVMV。优势毒原是BBWV、PMMV和CMV。     

有效碳数法研究及其在农药气相色谱分析中的应用

有机化合物结构与其所含有的有效碳数有一定的关系，本文给出了２０类结构化合物及其所含有有效碳数的关系，并对理论计算值和实测值进行了比较，结果十分接近，利用有效碳数法可以设计农药分析实验方案和无标样的情况下测定农药杂质含量。     

二化螟在茭白上的钻蛀行为及其防治方法

研究了二化螟在茭白植株上的转移、钻蛀和产卵行为以及取食选择性,并根据其行为特性,制订合理的药剂喷施方法.结果表明,二化螟90%以上的卵产在茭白的叶片上,其余部分产在叶鞘上.产卵的主要叶位是心叶、倒一叶和倒二叶.超过50%的卵块集中在叶片距叶枕0～60cm的部位.幼虫孵化后,蚁螟蛀入的部位一般在叶枕以下的叶鞘内侧,多集中于倒四、倒五叶鞘.2龄后开始钻蛀内侧叶鞘,并蛀入茭白茎的内芯,二化螟幼虫在茭白植株上通常从叶片转移到叶鞘进行钻蛀危害.幼虫嗜食茭白茎部,其次为茭白果肉和叶鞘,对叶片几乎不取食.使用叶鞘喷施杀虫可达到对茭白进行全株喷雾同样的防治效果,并可节省40%～50%的用药量,经济和生态效益十分明显.     

一种新的基于图像处理的作物叶面积测量方法

以数字图像处理技术为基础,提出一种简化、高精度的作物叶面积测量方案,对从扫描仪获得的含有参照边框和叶片影像的图像进行分析处理,不仅简化了业务流程,还大大提高了测量的精度,应用于作物叶面积的测量计算,获得十分满意的结果。     

超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的研究进展

介绍了超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的反应机理及其工艺的研究进展,着重阐述了反应温度、醇油比、水和游离脂肪酸、共溶剂及催化剂等因素对超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的影响。     

响应面法优化链霉菌702产抑真菌物质生料发酵培养基

用响应面分析方法对链霉菌702产抑真菌物质生料发酵培养基进行了研究。实验首先利用部分重复因子试验筛选出链霉菌702发酵产抑真菌物质的关键因素为玉米淀粉和蛋白胨,其次利用最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区,最后利用中心组合设计及响应曲面分析确定关键因素的最佳浓度。通过优化得到玉米淀粉和蛋白胨的最适浓度分别为16.83 g/L、8.64 g/L,在优化后的培养基中链霉菌702产抑真菌物质效价达到1 214.52μg/mL,比优化前789.41μg/mL提高了53.85%。     

乏情期奶山羊下丘脑催产素样神经元的分布

为了揭示不同生理期催产素(Oxytocin,OT)在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴中的分布特点,采用链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶(Streptaridin-peroxidase,SP)法研究了OT免疫反应产物在乏情期奶山羊下丘脑中的分布。结果显示:OT样神经元存在于视上核、室旁核弓状核、室周核、穹隆周核、下丘脑前核、下丘脑后核、腹外侧核、背内侧核、下丘脑外侧区以及乳头体各核团等27个核区,分布区域呈前端尖、中部宽、后钝圆的梭形带。此外,在室旁核观察到大量的强阳性神经纤维,第三脑室附近的纤维伸向脑室内。说明OT在下丘脑广泛存在,且下丘脑OT经神经垂体、第三脑室、血管3条途径释放,经血液循环最终作用于靶细胞而发挥生理作用。     

Screening for New Cosmeceuticals from Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus with Antioxidant and Photo-Protecting Properties

Phlorotannins play a role in biological functions to protect the cells against UV and oxidative damage in brown algae. We hypothesized that these compounds can function as photo-protectors and antioxidants in skin care formulations. Two types of extracts (water (FV-WE) and 67% v/v ethanol (FV-EE)) from Fucus vesiculosus were obtained with a phlorotannin content between 7−14% in dry extract. Exposure to sun light during growth was included as a factor on the phlorotannin content but did not influence the phlorotannin content. However, green colored F. vesiculosus had lower total phenolic content (TPC) (FV-WE = 6.9 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw, FV-EE = 7.8 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw) compared to those with a yellow/brownish color (FV-WE = 10.4–13.7 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw, FV-EE = 11.2–14.0 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw). UVA and UVB photo protective capabilities of the extracts through different biological effective protection factors (BEPFs) were evaluated using in vitro methods; the Mansur method for sun protection factor (SPF) and calculation of effective solar absorption radiation (%ESAR) to determine SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) of the extract and in seaweed enriched lotion. The SPF was negligible, when evaluating FV-WE in lotion (10 and 20% w/w). Moreover, %ESAR of the FV-WE showed SPF and some UVA-PF, but not enough to give sufficient SPF in lotions (10% w/w). It was concluded that the concentration of UV protecting compounds in the extracts was too low to and that further fractionation and purification of phlorotannins is needed to increase the SPF.     

漆酶LAC表达与鸭梨果心褐变的关系

【目的】探究在不同成熟度和降温贮藏方式下,LAC表达模式与鸭梨果心褐变的关系,为进一步解析鸭梨果心褐变机制提供理论依据。【方法】以鸭梨作为材料,通过对不同成熟度(早采、中采和晚采)的鸭梨进行急速降温(急降)和缓慢降温(缓降)处理,观察贮藏期间鸭梨果心褐变情况,测定漆酶(Laccase,LAC)活性及其基因LAC的相对表达量,研究LAC在鸭梨果心褐变过程中的参与作用。【结果】冷藏60 d时,晚采鸭梨出现褐变,晚采缓降处理的鸭梨果心褐变指数为0.32,是同期急速降温处理的2.56倍;在贮藏90 d时,中采缓降处理的褐变指数是0.24,中采急降处理的褐变指数仅为0.01。各个处理组在贮藏期间LAC活性多数表现为先逐渐升高后下降的趋势,晚采的果实在贮藏60 d时出现活性高峰,褐变发生;早采和中采鸭梨LAC活性高峰均在90 d时出现,褐变程度低于晚采鸭梨。在贮藏期间,缓慢降温处理的LAC活性高于急速降温处理。鸭梨LAC14和LAC7表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,LAC6表现为先下降后上升再降低的变化趋势;中采、晚采鸭梨在贮藏60 d时,LAC14和LAC7表达量最高。【结论】与缓慢降温相比,急速降...