不同水流速度对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼自由基代谢的影响

在(25±0.5) ℃下, 设置4个水流速度实验组, 分别为静水对照组0 bl/s(体长/秒)、1.0 bl/s组、2.0 bl/s组和4.0 bl/s组, 研究不同水流速度对中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼肌肉自由基代谢的影响, 训练周期为8周。结果显示, 肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-P_X)的活性随着水流速度的增加而升高, 训练组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性出现不同程度的下降, 而抗氧化物谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量未发生明显变化(P>0.05); 训练组肌肉总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均高于对照组, 2.0 bl/s组最高, 4.0 bl/s组次之, 1.0 bl/s组最低, 且2.0 bl/s和4.0 bl/s组T-AOC与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。8周训练后, 2.0 bl/s组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于其他3组(P<0.05), 而H₂O₂含量随着水流速度增加呈上升趋势。8周运动训练对骨骼肌B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2 (Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的含量及血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性无显著影响(P>0.05), 但2.0 bl/s组Bax和Bax/ Bcl-2显著低于4.0 bl/s组(P<0.05)。结果表明, 2.0 bl/s的水流速度可提高中华倒刺鲃肌肉的抗氧化能力, 降低脂质过氧化水平, 并在一定程度上抑制肌细胞凋亡。

     

养殖水体中高效氨氮降解菌的分离与鉴定

以(NH4)2SO4为惟一氮源的选择性培养基,从养鱼池水中分离筛选到1株高效氨氮降解菌X2。当NH4 -N初始质量浓度为50 mg/L时,该菌株在24 h内的氨氮降解率>95%,并具有硝酸还原和亚硝酸还原能力。初步鉴定该菌株为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)。     

利用盐碱地地下水养殖中国对虾试验

1999年在胶州市李格庄镇低洼盐碱地原淡水养鱼池塘改建中国对虾养殖池塘，在池塘边上打井提供养殖用水，井水盐度一般在10－12左右；虾苗在水泥池淡化7天使盐度降为15，经暂养后陆续分至养殖池，暂养成活率76．11％；养成阶段主要使用配合饵料，添加抗病药物；前期以添加水为主，养殖中后期少量换水，平均日换水量不超过5％，并定期使用水质净化剂。结果5个养殖池对虾平均亩产90．83kg。     

微孔增氧方式对鱼塘浮游藻类影响的研究

对6个鱼塘的浮游藻类进行了定性和定量研究,其中3个采用微孔增氧方式,其余3个未采用。结果表明,各鱼塘内分布的浮游藻类共4门18科42属57种及变种,其中,以绿藻门和硅藻门的种类较多,分别为28种和16种。采用微孔增氧方式的鱼塘与未采用的鱼塘相比,绿藻门没有显著变化,蓝藻门的种类数明显减少,硅藻门种类数明显增加。各鱼塘浮游藻类的细胞丰度显示,未采用微孔增氧方式的鱼塘都以蓝藻门所占比例最高,绿藻门次之,再次是硅藻门,而采用微孔增氧方式的鱼塘都以绿藻门所占比例最高,硅藻门次之,再次是蓝藻门。采用微孔增氧方式的鱼塘与未采用组相比,水质状况较好。     

Biochemical composition and quality of captive-spawned cobia Rachycentron canadum eggs

Interest in the commercial production of cobia Rachycentron canadum continues to rise as additional insight is gained into the hardy and fast growing nature of this species. However, research regarding the biochemical composition of captive-spawned eggs and egg and larval quality remains scarce. Such data is essential as a common bottleneck to production is a steady supply of fingerlings for grow-out. This study quantified the biochemical composition and quality of cobia eggs produced over 2 spawning seasons by broodstock on a traditional ‘trash fish’ diet which is commonly fed to tank spawning cobia. Throughout the study, batch fecundity, proportion of floating eggs and percent hatch averaged > 1 million eggs,  0.8 and 70%, respectively. Batch fecundity was significantly higher during the second spawning season as a result of the increased size of the females which weighed 18/22 kg and 22/26 kg at the beginning of each season. A positive correlation was found between the proportion of floating eggs and hatch rate for both spawning seasons. No correlations were found between egg composition (total lipid (30.0 ± 1.1% dry wt), protein (25.4 ± 2.2% dry wt), carbohydrate (2.4 ± 0.3% dry wt), vitamin E (10.2 ± 0.6 μg/g wet wt) or dry weight (119.1 ± 5.5 μg/egg)) and egg quality (proportion of floating eggs, hatch rate, larval growth and larval survival). Further, no differences in egg composition were noted between seasons or over the course of each season. The fatty acid composition of cobia eggs varied between seasons possibly due to changes in the quality of frozen feed (fish, shrimp, squid) given to the broodstock. The only correlation between the fatty acid profile and egg quality was a decrease in the proportion of floating eggs as the total amount of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids increased. No relationship between egg quality and amino acid content was noted with the most prominent amino acids being glutamate, leucine, alanine, proline, lysine and aspartate nor were any differences detected between spawning seasons.     

Apparent digestibility of protein, energy, and amino acids in some selected feed ingredients for pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of amino acids (AA), protein, and energy in six feed ingredients (Brazilian fish meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, alcoholic yeast, corn, and wheat bran) we evaluated for pacu juveniles. In general, all ingredients showed high digestibility values for all AA, and differences among ADCs of individual amino acid were detected ( P  < 0.01). Corn gluten, soybean, and fish meals had the highest ADCs of AA. The ADCs of protein in fish meal, yeast, and corn gluten meal should not be used as AA digestibility indicators, because those showed differences up to 6.7% between the ADCs of protein and AA. All ingredients had lower ADCs of energy than corn gluten meal ( P  < 0.01). Lysine was the first limiting amino acid in fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, and corn, and the second limiting amino acid in soybean meal, as methionine was the first limiting amino acid in soybean meal and yeast. However, the soybean meal was the best quality protein source, as it had the highest digestible essential amino acid index. This demonstrated that digestible amino acid values can be used to formulate practical diets for pacu, preventing potential deficiencies or excess that might cause environmental and economic losses.     

温度对鲫血液生化指标和消化酶的影响

采用室内模拟方法,研究了鲫（Carassius auratus）在9 ℃、16 ℃、25 ℃、30 ℃四个温度条件下的血液学指标和消化酶活力的变化。结果显示,鲫血清无机成分中的镁、磷以显著差异在16 ℃时存在最大值,而其他成分变化不显著。在9~25 ℃水温范围内,甘油三脂、总胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等均随水温上升而上升,并在25 ℃时达到最大值,而超过25 ℃后,甘油三脂、总胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等含量均随水温升高而下降。在9~30 ℃水温范围内,血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性随水温上升先上升后有下降,在25 ℃时达到最大值。鲫肠道中,蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性在9~25 ℃阶段升高,25~30 ℃时下降,蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性均在25 ℃时最高;而肝胰脏中蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随温度变化不明显。     

Diversity of Flavobacterium psychrophilum and the potential use of its phages for protection against bacterial cold water disease in salmonids

Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) and cold water disease (CWD) in salmonid aquaculture. We report characterization of F. psychrophilum strains and their bacteriophages isolated in Chilean salmonid aquaculture. Results suggest that under laboratory conditions phages can decrease mortality of salmonids from infection by their F. psychrophilum host strain. Twelve F. psychrophilum isolates were characterized, with DNA restriction patterns showing low diversity between strains despite their being obtained from different salmonid production sites and from different tissues. We isolated 15 bacteriophages able to infect some of the F. psychrophilum isolates and characterized six of them in detail. DNA genome sizes were close to 50 Kbp and corresponded to the Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families. One isolate, 6H, probably contains lipids as an essential virion component, based on its chloroform sensitivity and low buoyant density in CsCl. Each phage isolate rarely infected F. psychrophilum strains other than the strain used for its enrichment and isolation. Some bacteriophages could decrease mortality from intraperitoneal injection of its host strain when added together with the bacteria in a ratio of 10 plaque-forming units per colony-forming unit. While we recognize the artificial laboratory conditions used for these protection assays, this work is the first to demonstrate that phages might be able protect salmonids from RTFS or CWD.     

Cryopreservation effects on the sperm quality of cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818)

The effects of straws volume, cryoprotectants and thawing temperatures were evaluated on the sperm quality of cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier), an important Colombian fish species. Sexually mature fish were induced to ovulation or spermiation with a carp pituitary extract. A pool of suitable sperm samples was diluted in glucose, egg yolk, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO‐10%), methanol (MET‐10%) or ethylene glycol (ETG‐5%) and packed in 0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mL straws and frozen in nitrogen vapour. The thawing process was performed in a 35 or an 80 °C water bath. The fertility was evaluated after 6 h post fertilization. The highest motility percentage (33 ± 3%) was observed with sperm cryopreserved with DMSO, packed in 5 mL straws and thawed at 35 °C. The treatments with DMSO and MET packed in 0.5 and 5.0 mL straws and thawed at 35 °C showed the highest fertility (higher than 71%) and the lowest fertility was obtained with MET‐2.5 mL (9 ± 5%). In all the treatments, a significant decrease in the sperm quality was observed at 80 °C. Sperm cryopreserved with DMSO‐10% or MET‐10%, packed in 2.5 or 5.0 mL straws are suitable to achieve acceptable fertilization and to fertilize high amounts of eggs.     

0#柴油和原油的水溶性成分对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长的影响

采用室内培养方法,研究了不同浓度0#柴油和原油的水溶性成分(Water accommodated fraction,WAF)对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生长影响及其差异.结果显示,低浓度的0#柴油WAF(0.30、0.10 mg/L)和原油WAF(1.17、0.58 mg/L)能够促进小球藻的生长,且0#柴油WAF的0.10 mg/L实验组和原油WAF的0.58 mg/L实验组在96h时,小球藻细胞密度显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);而高浓度的0#柴油WAF(8.10、2.70、0.90 mg/L)和原油WAF(9.36、4.68、2.34 mg/L)会抑制小球藻的生长.0#柴油和原油WAF对小球藻的96 h-EC50分别为3.34、6.54 mg/L,NOEC分别为0.30、1.71 mg/L,LOEC分别为0.90、2.34 mg/L.0#柴油WAF的毒性高于原油WAF,0#柴油和原油水溶性成分的组分差异是影响二者毒性强弱的主要因素.