浅谈排灌标准在市场与生产中的作用

为促进企业发展使之取得良好的经济效益，讨论了排灌机械行业贯彻与应用标准的情况，分析了标准的作用。自从我国加入世贸组织，国际贸易量日益增大，熟悉和掌握与之相关的标准，参与市场竞争更显得非常重要。指出了标准在市场与营销及生产中的制约作用和利害关系。     

Design and Performance Analysis of Low Pressure Irrigation Distribution Systems

Low-pressure pipe distribution systems forsurface irrigation provide both off- andon-farm recognized environmental benefits.However, expected benefits can only beattained when adequacy, dependability andequity of systems are high enough tosupport appropriate conditions for wateruse on the farm. An innovative methodologyfor design and analysis is proposed anddescribed, which includes the generation ofthe demand at the scale of the distributionsystem and, consequently, the generation ofthe flow regimes expected during a givenperiod of time, generally the peak month.These flow regimes are utilized for theoptimization of pipe sizes using theiterative discontinuous method for severalflow regimes. The performance analysis isdeveloped through the system simulationwith several flow regimes, which allow thecomputation of the system adequacy,dependability and equity. An application toone sector of the Sorraia irrigation systemillustrates the usefulness of themethodology proposed.     

Irrigation and food security in the 21st century

Global food projections indicate that food prices in the next threedecades will likely be stable or decline, but progress inreducing malnutrition in developing countries will be slow. Smallshortfalls in crop productivity growth would lead to rising foodprices and worsening malnutrition. Increased food production fromirrigation is essential, and will require expansion of irrigatedarea and water supplies, and improved efficiency of use of existingwater supplies. Neither of these growth factors will prove easy, andboth will require complex institutional and policy reforms. Failureto meet food production needs through efficient expansion andintensification of irrigated agriculture would increase pressure onland resources and hasten the process of environmental degradation.Irrigation and water development strategies have been hampered bya lack of understanding of the links between water scarcity, foodproduction, food security, and environmental sustainability.Research to improve this understanding would have high payoffs.     

基于粒子群优化算法与混合罚函数

粒子群算法(PSO)具有简单易实现，可调参数少的优点。将其用于最优潮流的求解，结合混合罚函数来限制最优潮流的约束条件，使粒子群算法的寻优速度加快，迭代次数减少。通过在IEEE9节点和IEEE30节点上的仿真计算表明，该算法在优迭代速度和收敛精度上都取得了较好的效果。     

疏勒河灌区新垦盐碱地洗盐定额试

根据疏勒河灌区新垦盐碱地土壤含盐量高，需采用水平明沟排水冲洗改良的实际，开展了不同冲洗定额的洗盐效果试验研究，提出了排盐地区系数经验公式与冲洗定额对数函数计算公式。根据表层土壤含盐量高的特点，提出了以0~30cm土层作为冲洗改良盐碱地脱盐控制层的准则，并制定了相应的洗盐定额。     

大型灌区节水改造后地下水动态的

以黄河河套灌区的节水灌溉工程改造为目标，通过一个试验区（沙壕渠灌域）的实际分析，在地下水动力学数值模拟基础上，用Galerkin法对节水工程实施后的地下水动态进行预测，通过更大范围（解放闸灌域）用人工神经网络BP模型的快速算法进行了检验比较认为：成果基本可靠，有一定代表性，可供河套灌区水环境评估与宏观水管理预测和决策参考。     

石津灌区适宜田间灌水技术试验研究

为了研究石津灌区适宜的田间灌水技术，在对石津灌区现有灌水技术调查的基础上，对不同的田间灌水方法进行了田间试验，结果表明，储水灌溉既实现了高产，节水的目的，又适应灌区的运行管理，是今后灌区渠道灌溉地区田间灌水发展的重点技术之一；小畦灌和低压管道输水灌溉，灌水灵活，在井灌或井渠结合地区具有较大的发展潜力。     

基于改进型PSO算法的汽车转阀参数优化

提出了基于模拟退火(SA)修正的改进型粒子群算法(SA-PSO)的转阀参数优化方法。建立了整车动力学模型、转向系统模型、高速"路感"模型和转阀能耗模型,并对模型进行了验证;给出了低速转向轻便性、高速转向"路感"和能耗的量化指标;提出了以轻便性、"路感"和能耗量化指标的平方和根最小值为目标函数,以各参数取值范围为约束条件的最优化问题;构建了基于模拟退火修正的改进型粒子群优化算法(SA-PSO)的自适应度函数,运用改进型粒子群算法获得了转阀参数的全局最优解;SA-PSO与PSO的优化结果对比表明,SA-PSO的全局收敛性强、收敛速度快;通过优化参数与另外两组参数双纽线、高速中间位置小转角转向、转阀能耗仿真验证了优化方法的有效性和优化结果的正确性,最后分别进行了转阀参数优化前、后的双纽线、高速中间位置小转角转向、转阀能耗试验,结果表明,优化后的转阀使转向轻便性、高速转向"路感"和节能性均得到改善。     

东港灌区运行状况综合评价研究

在灌区续建配套与节水改造规划工作实施的基础上，拟建了一套合理的评价指标体系，利用层次分析法（AHP）确定评价指标的权重，建立了模糊综合评判（FCE）数学模型，并运用该模型对东港市的三个灌区的运行状况进行综合评价，评价结果与实际情况吻合良好。     

中国灌溉草业可持续发展探讨

本文就我国牧区资源特点，分析了牧区灌溉草业发展的持续能力及障碍因素，提出了我国牧区灌溉草业可持续发展主要举措：建立水、草、畜平衡发展体系；合理利用水资源，发展节水型灌溉；建立永久性人工饲草料基地；强化灌溉草业科研与科技推广力度等基本构想