不同水分管理条件下烤烟的生长及品质研究

在豫东烟区烟叶大田生育期年正常降雨条件下，根据当地烟农灌溉习惯，于旺长期及打顶期再补充总灌溉量960～1060m^3／hm^2的水分，有利于改善烟叶品质，提高单位面积产值、上等烟比例、均价及烟叶含钾量。在缺水干旱或过量灌溉条件下，烟叶品质及经济性状变差。     

限水灌溉与施N时期对小麦旗叶光合作用及产量性状的影响（摘要）

[目的]实现小麦优质高产节水省肥提供科学合理的水氮运筹模式。[方法]在大田条件下,研究灌水次数及施N时期对小麦旗叶Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响。[结果]灌水次数对旗叶Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP、qN及产量的影响均达到显著或极显著水平,且不灌水与灌水处理间差异较大;N肥全部基施与返青期追施（40%）处理间旗叶的Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP和qN差异不大,但2个处理的光合参数与产量均明显低于拔节期或孕穗期追施（40%）处理。[结论]灌水次数与施N方式对Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量性状的调控存在显著的互作效应,其中以W2N4处理组合效果最好。     

不同灌溉条件下燕麦籽粒植酸、总磷、蛋白质及矿质元素含量变化特征研究

采用防雨池栽方法研究了不同灌溉条件下两种栽培类型燕麦白燕7号皮燕麦（Avena sativa L.）和内农大莜一号裸燕麦（Avena nuda L.）籽粒植酸、总磷、蛋白质、钙、镁、钾、锌、铁、铜、锰含量变化特征。随灌水次数和灌水量的增加,内农大莜一号裸燕麦籽粒总磷和铜含量呈线性变化,籽粒产量、植酸、钙、镁、钾、锌、锰含量变化呈二次函数;白燕7号皮燕麦籽粒（去壳）锌和铁含量呈线性变化,植酸、总磷、粗蛋白、钙、镁含量呈二次函数变化。     

灌溉与供磷对复合群体作物根系的调控及其产量效应

利用大田和管栽试验结合的方法,选择小麦/玉米/马铃薯和小麦/玉米两种间作模式,对灌溉与供磷条件下间作群体中作物根系时空分布的特征进行了研究。结果表明,适当的干旱有利于根系的下扎和产量的提高,严重干旱大大地降低了带田小麦和玉米的根量和产量;供磷促进根系的下扎,增加根重。供磷与不供磷相比,在小麦拔节期(玉米三叶期)小麦总根量平均高出94.66%,玉米高出67.67%;小麦灌浆期(玉米大喇叭口期)小麦高出42.08%,玉米高出124.13%;小麦收获后(玉米灌浆期) 小麦高出82.58%,玉米高出61.61%。大田试验结果表明,经济产量以中灌（1050 m3 /hm2·次）和高磷（150 kg纯P2O5/hm2）处理最高。     

Applying a salinity response function and zoning saline land for three ifeld crops：a case study in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia,China

Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and productivity of crops in Hetao Irrigation District, China. In this study, the salinity tolerances of three local crops, wheat (Trit...     

施水播种条件下灌溉水入渗模型研究

运用土壤动力学原理建立了灌溉水入渗的数学模型，并进行了实际灌水的试验验证，试验结果表明所建模型的模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。应用模型模拟分析发现：适量增加沟宽或回土量可以减小入渗时间，缩短播种机排水口至排种口距离。     

Determining crop-water production functions using yield–irrigation gradient algorithms

Crop-water production functions (CWPFs) are a useful tool for irrigation planning, but derivation of CWPFs by field experimentation is expensive, and traditional analytical techniques are not well suited to derivation of CWPFs. Physiologically based crop models provide a useful tool for simulation of agricultural experiments, but they have not been extensively applied to the task of CWPF determination. A new algorithm type based upon differential crop yield response to irrigation (“yield–irrigation gradients” [YIG]) is presented that uses these crop models to determine planning-level irrigation schedules and CWPFs. Three specific algorithms are developed within this type, varying in complexity, performance, and computational costs. Performance of the YIG methods is compared against a standard reference evapotranspiration method. In particular, the randomized iterative YIG (RIYIG) algorithm provides near-optimal results but at the highest computational costs of all the methods specified. All of the techniques presented have general applicability and are not limited to any one crop or location.     

浅谈排灌标准在市场与生产中的作用

为促进企业发展使之取得良好的经济效益，讨论了排灌机械行业贯彻与应用标准的情况，分析了标准的作用。自从我国加入世贸组织，国际贸易量日益增大，熟悉和掌握与之相关的标准，参与市场竞争更显得非常重要。指出了标准在市场与营销及生产中的制约作用和利害关系。     

Irrigation and food security in the 21st century

Global food projections indicate that food prices in the next threedecades will likely be stable or decline, but progress inreducing malnutrition in developing countries will be slow. Smallshortfalls in crop productivity growth would lead to rising foodprices and worsening malnutrition. Increased food production fromirrigation is essential, and will require expansion of irrigatedarea and water supplies, and improved efficiency of use of existingwater supplies. Neither of these growth factors will prove easy, andboth will require complex institutional and policy reforms. Failureto meet food production needs through efficient expansion andintensification of irrigated agriculture would increase pressure onland resources and hasten the process of environmental degradation.Irrigation and water development strategies have been hampered bya lack of understanding of the links between water scarcity, foodproduction, food security, and environmental sustainability.Research to improve this understanding would have high payoffs.     

灌区计算机监控系统与灌溉优化调度模型集成应用研究

大型灌区实施计算机监控是提高灌区管理水平的重要手段,灌区轮灌分组优化模型旨在求解干渠各出水口运行时调度的最优组合方案,而灌溉优化调度方案在实施过程中往往仍然采用的是计算机远程人工调度.为此研究了一种灌区轮灌分组优化模型,并得出了灌溉优化调度方案,同时采用OPC（即OLE for Process Control）技术,使灌溉优化调度方案数据与计算机控制系统有效地结合起来,提高了灌区灌溉管理自动化水平。