甘薯近缘野生种Ipomoea Littoralis全基因组Survey分析

Ipomoea littoralis是甘薯的近缘野生种之一,对其全基因组的研究可为甘薯种质资源的创新提供参考,同时为全基因组精细图谱的绘制打下基础。本研究通过二代高通量测序技术（Illumina Hiseq 2500）,测序深度约为60×,经过滤后得到22.45 G数据,结合生物信息学手段估算基因组大小、杂合率、重复序列和GC含量等基因组特征。预估基因组大小经修正后为676.27 Mb。K-mer分析结果得出I. littoralis基因组中重复序列所占比率为60.98%,杂合率为0.81%;初步组装结果,contigs N50为0.684 kb,总读长为0.538 Gb,scaffolds N50为12.09 kb,总读长为0.602 Gb;GC平均深度及含量分布出现分层现象。本研究首次报道I. littoralis的基因组特征信息,为进一步全基因组深度测序提供参考。     

Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Salt Tolerance-Associated Gene IbNFU1 from Sweetpotato

Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis involving the nitrogen fixation(Nif) proteins has been proposed as a general mechanism acting in various organisms.NifU-like protein may play an important role in protecting plants against abiotic and biotic stresses.Based on the EST sequence selected from salt-stressed suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) cDNA library constructed with a salt-tolerant mutant LM79,a NFU gene,termed IbNFU1,was cloned from sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.) via rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE).The cDNA sequence of 1 117 bp contained an 846 bp open reading frame encoding a 281 amino acids polypeptide with a molecular weight of 30.5 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI) of 5.12.IbNFU1 gene contained a conserved Cys-X-X-Cys motif in C-terminal of the iron-sulfur cluster domain.The deduced amino acid sequence had 66.08 to 71.99% sequence identity to NFU genes reported in Arabidopsis thaliana,Eucalyptus grandis and Vitis vinifera.Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of IbNFU1 gene was significantly higher in the roots of the mutant LM79 compared to the wild-type Lizixiang.Transgenic tobacco(cv.Wisconsin 38) plants expressing IbNFU1 gene exhibited significantly higher salt tolerance compared to the untransformed control plants.It is proposed that IbNFU1 gene has an important function for salt tolerance of plants.     

基于银川地区水质的空心菜营养液配方验证试验

采用深液流(DFT)无土栽培技术,在优选出空心菜水培营养液配方的基础上,于二代节能日光温室内进一步研究验证了NO3-N、P、K、Ca四种元素对空心菜生长势、产量、品质及全氮、全磷及全钾含量的影响。结果表明:采用优选的最佳配方栽培的空心菜,其生长势、根系活力、产量、品质以及全氮磷钾含量均相对高于对照。基于宁夏银川地区水质的水培空心菜NO3-N、P、K、Ca四种元素的最优配方为:9、0.5、4.54、.0 mmol/L。     

Patterns of defoliation and their effect on the plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Ipomoea cairica

In order to determine the susceptibility of Ipomoea cairica to herbivory, the compensatory growth and photosynthetic characteristics of I. cairica plants were measured after simulated herbivory by leaf trimming in three patterns: leaf‐apex removal, leaf‐edge removal, and perforation. The leaf‐edge removal resulted in a significantly reduced total biomass and root biomass of the plants, but the leaf‐apex removal and perforation had no significant influence on the plant growth. The defoliation patterns had significant effects on the photosynthesis of I. cairica. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the plants whose leaf edges had been removed were the highest among the three defoliation patterns and the fraction of absorbed light that is used in Photosystem II photochemistry increased greatly, while the fraction of light energy that is dissipated thermally decreased. The increased photosynthetic rate as a result of the leaf‐edge removal treatment could be attributed to a decrease in stomatal limitation and an increase in the Rubisco content, as well as higher photosynthetic efficiency and less light energy being dissipated as heat. Increased photosynthesis in the plants whose leaf edges had been removed changed the carbon allocation and resulted in less root development. As the expansion of I. cairica primarily depends on clonal growth, smaller roots could limit its uptake of nutrients from the soil. These direct and indirect effects indicate that leaf‐edge‐feeding herbivores could have potential in the biological control of I. cairica.     

分子生物学技术在甘薯中的应用

甘薯是重要的粮食作物,它的遗传背景复杂,分子生物学研究进展落后于水稻、玉米等作物。分子标记技术主要应用于甘薯的遗传图谱构建、遗传多样性分析以及亲缘关系分析等方面。目前,已经构建了数张遗传图谱,亲缘关系分析表明三浅裂野牵牛I.trifida与甘薯有很紧密的亲缘性。基因克隆技术已经应用于甘薯在抗逆、品质以及块根发育等相关基因的分离,为甘薯的分子育种带来了有益的目的基因。在栗子香、新大紫等甘薯品种有转基因的报道,采用农杆菌介导的方法,已经取得了少量的转基因植株。     

表达bar基因的抗除草剂转基因甘薯的获得

用农杆菌介导法将bar基因导入甘薯主栽品种徐薯18的胚性悬浮细胞中,获得了抗除草剂的转基因植株.农杆菌菌株EHA105携带的双元载体pCAMBIA3300上含有bar基因.来自于徐薯18胚性悬浮细胞的直径为0.7～1.3 min的280个胚性细胞团用于遗传转化.共培养3 d后,首先在含有2 mg/L 2,4-D、100 mg/L Carb的液体MS培养基中培养1周,然后将胚性细胞团转移到添加2 mg/L 2,4-D、100 mg/L Carb 和0.3 mg/L PPT的固体MS培养基上进行选择培养.选择8周后,将获得的37个PPT抗性愈伤组织转移到添加1 mg/L ABA、100mg/L carb和0.3 mg/L PPT的固体MS培养基上,其中的34个愈伤组织诱导得到体细胞胚并发芽形成小植株,共获得了164株拟转基因植株.PCR分析表明,其中的123株为转基因植株.Southern blot和Northern blot分析表明,bar基因稳定整合到转基因植株的基因组中并正确表达.除草剂喷洒试验结果表明,转基因植株具有高度除草剂抗性.     

蕹菜对镉吸收积累及应用研究进展

综述了镉对蕹菜生长的影响,蕹菜对镉的吸收积累和相关机理,以及蕹菜在修复土壤镉污染和安全生产两方面的前景,为研究及应用蕹菜吸收积累镉提供理论参考。     

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.)试管苗种质保存技术研究进展

甘薯种质资源的大田种植保存面临着严重的病毒感染以及病虫害、自然灾害的影响.由茎尖分生组织培养成无病毒苗并进行试管保存,是当前既经济又实用的方法.     

美国紫薯试管苗微型繁殖的研究

为满足人们对经过热处理的美国紫薯试管苗种苗的大量需求,以微型嫩茎段为材料,采用组织培养和微型扦插的方法,进行了试管苗微型繁殖的研究。结果表明：在1/2MS＋IAA0．2 mg?L‐1＋蔗糖15 g?L‐1培养基上,以具有2个生长点和2个叶片的微型茎段繁殖试管苗,1株试管苗每年能繁殖200多万株试管苗;以具有2个生长点和2个叶片的苗微型茎段扦插到苗床上,其繁殖速度提高了1．8倍。定植的微型扦插试管苗生长较旺盛,美国紫薯的产量提高48．9％。